B5 Micronutrients

and Macronutrients

By Zhi Wei & John

Substance which are required in small quantity for normal body function

e.g. minerals & vitamins. Required 0.005% of ﹤ body weight Do NOT produce energy

Micronutrients

Very small amount of inorganic ions required for the function of the body

Used for STRONG bones and teeth e.g. Ca, Mg & P; formation of hormones, enzymes; and maintaining of fluid levels.

Minerals

Organic compounds required for metabolism, to protect health and for proper growth in children.

Vitamins generally are catalysis, which combines with proteins to create enzymes

Vitamins

Various vitamins are not chemically related and most differ in their structures and physiological action

Fat soluble vitamins (e.g. A, D, E & K)◦ Contain Long hydrocarbon groups

Water soluble vitamins (e.g. B & C)◦ Contain highly polar OH groups

Vitamins

Conformers: ◦ they are isomers which differ only in rotation

around a single bond. Vitamin A

◦ Long carbon chain, one OH group and alternate double and single bonds

◦ Fat soluble◦ light sensitive due to many conjugated double

bonds

Vitamins

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)◦ Five-membered ring containing an O atom; four

OH groups

Vitamins

Substance that are required in relatively large amounts ( 0.005% of body weight)﹥

E.g. proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals (Na, Mg, K, ca, P, S and Cl)

Macronutrients such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates produce energy

Macronutrients

Malnutrition: the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.

Income disparities, lack of economic opportunities and poor eating habits and so on

Nutrients deficiencies

Micronutrients deficiencies

Micronutrients affect

Iron (Fe) aneamia (blood disorder)

Iodine (I) goitre (enlarge of thyroid gland)

Retinol (vitamin A) Causes dry eyes; night blindness

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) Scurvy (bleeding lesions on the legs)

Calciferol (vitamin D) Softening of bones

Macronutrients deficienies

Macronutrients affect

Proteins Adema (swelling), fatigue, muscle weakness, slow growth

Calcium Ca osteoporosis

Sodium Na cramps

Thank You!