(c) dr. rahul banerjee, bits-pilani, india1 some interesting research experiments in ipv6...
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(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 1
Some Interesting Research Experiments in IPv6
Internetworking
Dr. Rahul BanerjeeDr. Rahul Banerjee
Computer Science & Information Systems GroupComputer Science & Information Systems Group
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani (India)Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani (India)E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]
Home: Home: http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/~rahul
IPv6 Workshop, IIT-Kanpur, April 1, 2005
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 2
Interaction Points
IPv6: Current Status Problems and Issues An overview of major IPv6 research experiments
around the world Related Research Experiments at BITS-Pilani
Project IPv6@BITS: First few Steps during 1998-2002 Project BITS-LifeGuard The Grid-One Initiative
The Road Ahead Summary References
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 3
IPv6: Current Status
A brief overview of the IPv6 workgroup’s progress at the IETF
The Revised IETF Roadmap for IPv6IPv6 Research, Development and
Deployments in IndustryHype versus RealityObstacles & Opportunities
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 4
The IETF IPv6 Working Group: Current Progress Status of IPv6-specific
Standardization / Updating Work (1 of 2)
Milestones passed <work completed>
Submission of a a flexible method to manage the assignment of bits of an IPv6 address block to the IESG for Informational RFC.
Submission of the Flow Label specification to IESG for Proposed Standard RFC.
Submission of the Prefix Delegation requirements to IESG for Informational RFC
Revision of the Aggregatable Unicast Addresses (RFC2374) to remove TLA/NLA/SLA terminology.
Submission of a Draft on Proxy RA solution for prefix delegation. Submission of the IPv6 Node Requirements to IESG for Informational. Submission of the Site-Local Deprecation document to IESG for
Informational. Submission of the Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses to IESG for
Proposed Standard RFC Submission of the Link Scoped IPv6 Multicast Addresses to IESG for
Proposed Standard RFC
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 5
Milestones passed <work completed>
Submission of the IPv6 Scoped Addressing Architecture to IESG for Proposed Standard RFC
Submission of the TCP MIB to IESG for Proposed Standard RFC Submission of the Site-Local Deprecation document to IESG for
Informational RFC Submission of the Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses to IESG
for Proposed Standard RFC Submission of the Router Preferences, More-Specific Routes to
IESG for Proposed Standard RFC Submission of the updates to Auto Configuration (RFC2462 to be
republished as Draft Standard RFC Submission of the update to ICMPv6 (RFC2463) to be republished
as Draft Standard RFC
The IETF IPv6 Working Group: Current Progress Status of IPv6-specific
Standardization / Updating Work (2 of 2)
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 6
IPv6 Working Group Roadmap Status Milestones originally targeted <work in
progress / delayed progress> <1 0f 2>
Dec 04 Submit document defining DAD
optimizations to the IESG for Proposed Standard Dec 04 Submit Load Sharing to IESG for
Proposed Standard Dec 04 Submit updates to Neighbor Discovery
(RFC2461) to be republished as Draft Standard Jan 05 Submit Centrally Assigned Unique Local
IPv6 Unicast Addresses to IESG for Proposed Standard
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 7
IPv6 Working Group Roadmap Status Milestones originally targeted <work in
progress / delayed progress> <2 of 2>
Jan 05 Submit Proxy ND to IESG for Informational Jan 05 Resubmit Node Information Queries to IESG for
Experimental status Jan 05 Submit update to IPv6 over PPP (RFC2472) to
IESG for Draft Standard Jan 05 Submit Update to Privacy Extensions for Stateless
Autoconfiguration document (RFC3041) to the IESG for Draft Standard
Mar 05 Submit update to IPv6 Address Architecture to the IESG for Draft Standard
Apr 05 Re-charter or close working group.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 8
A Technical Overview of IPv6-specific Research
Experiments
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 9
Principal Objectives of this Research Overview
Spreading Awareness of activities in related project areas for ease of collaboration (through a brief Technical Summary and subsequent discussion)
Avoiding duplication of work-objectives and ensuring better utilization of resources
Ensuring synergy between related projects so as to step up their productive output
Identification of areas of possible collaboration between different projects
Identification of a viable mechanism for ensuring such synergy and collaboration
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 10
Categories of Major IPv6 QoS Projects
Quality-of-Service at the Infrastructure Level Packet-Switching Technology-specific initiatives Virtual Circuit -Switching Technology-specific initiatives Mixed-Mode-specific initiatives
Quality-of-Service at the Higher Level Application-specific initiatives Service-specific initiatives
Application Level Service-specific initiatives Transport Level Service-specific initiatives
Quality-of-Service at both levels Survey-based and Analysis-based initiatives Implementation and Testing-based initiatives
In all the categories, some of the ongoing works would facilitate standardization, benchmarking and derivation of technology roadmaps.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 11
Categories of Major IPv6 QoS Projects
Quality-of-Service at the Infrastructure Level Packet-Switching Technology-specific initiatives Virtual Circuit -Switching Technology-specific initiatives Mixed-Mode-specific initiatives
Quality-of-Service at the Higher Level Application-specific initiatives Service-specific initiatives
Application Level Service-specific initiatives Transport Level Service-specific initiatives
Quality-of-Service at both levels Survey-based and Analysis-based initiatives Implementation and Testing-based initiatives
In all the categories, some of the ongoing works would facilitate standardization, benchmarking and derivation of technology roadmaps.
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IPv6-based Grid Computing Projects
Telescience project allowed collaboration with the researchers in Argentina with their counterparts in Sweden to control the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope (IVEM 4000) in the USA.
This facility also allowed bioinformatic and collaborative visualization tools.
Incidentally, the Telescience project was also featuring an all-IPv6 native support-based underlying fabric. In that sense, it was interesting to see how the researchers approached the problem.
The researchers were able to transfer at the 1Gbps rate using this all-IPv6 infrastructure.
However, till date, no international project has attempted to capitalize on the experimental QoS features for which the IPv6 has good potential.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 21
Some Other Projects involving Grid Computing and IPv6
Teragrid (NSF funded, partly IPv6 enabled)
GrangeNet (10 Gbps delivered over IPv6)
KDDI Labs.-Project WIDE-Osaka University-UCSD Research Grid experiment (using native IPv6-support)
Project Grid-One (at BITS-Pilani)
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 22
First few steps at BITS Project
IPv6@BITS Project Home Page: http://ipv6.bits-pilani.ac.in/ IPv6-site:
IPV6-BITS-IN Origin: AS4755
International Tunnels: Eleven
BITS was the first from India to be on the International IPv6 Backbone known as the 6-Bone and was the only University in India that acquired the status of a pTLA for IPv6.
The project has as an active IPv6-oriented networking research and development component.
Has over 24 International Partners participating in collaborative research.
BITS led the IPv6-QoS Research Group at the European Commission’s Next Generation Networks Initiative
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 23
Some Other Ongoing Projects that already use the IPv6-enabled
Infrastructure
Project BITS-MOS IPv6-VoD Project IPv6-DTVC Project BITS Digital Library
Project BITS Virtual
University Project
Technology Transfer Portal Project
BITS-Linux Project JS project for Free
Journals Project BITS-
WearComp
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 24
Project GridOne
An IPv6-QoS-aware Grid Computing Experiment in Progress
at BITS-Pilani
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 25
Grid computing Architecture Grids may be seen as made up of four layers :
Application layer (example: collaborative biomedical research) Middleware layer (examples: Schedulers, APIs, Authentication
schemes, Interfaces, Managing elements) Computing Infrastructure layer (examples: PCs, PDAs, Mid-range
and Mainframes, Supercomputers as individual nodes) Distributed Communication / fabric layer (example: underlying
networks)
Application Layer
Middleware Layer
Computing Infrastructure Layer
Distributed Communication / Fabric Layer
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 26
The Grid-One Initiative at BITS-Pilani
BITS-Pilani is currently involved in a two-part experimental project under its Grid-One Initiative: In the first phase, it is building a medium-sized campus-wide
grid involving several Server-class systems, about 3000+ PCs used inside the institute’s laboratories and faculty
chambers, student hostel rooms and many of the staff-owned PCs / Laptops / Tablet PCs etc.
(The entire campus is connected using Gigabit Ethernet and Wireless LAN technologies.)
Operating Systems include Linux, FreeBSD, SCO Unix, HP-UX, Sun Solaris, Windows 2003 Server, Windows 2000/Me/XP, Novell Netware, Win CE <as client node>, Palm OS <as client node>.
The second phase would involve connecting the resultant grid to a bigger IPv6-enabled Grid for experimentation.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 27
Project BITS-LifeGuardA Wearable Computer Research Project
for Saving Human Lives that uses native IPv6
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 28
Introduction to the BITS Wearable Computing Project
The “Project BITS-WearComp” research programme Conceptualized in 1999 Started in the early 2000 First white paper and roadmap published in 2001 First specific project, the BITS-Lifeguard, begun in May 2001
<Blueprint discussed at the NGNi’s Brussels Meet in May 2001>
Objectives: Saving human lives with the help of non-intrusive wearable
computing devices Using the advances in computer communication and
networking technologies to complement the wearable device capabilities <including the native IPv6 support in the wearable as well as the car’s computer>
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 29
A little bit about the BITS-Lifeguard system
This research aims to protect human lives from those road accidents that result from the reduced levels of the physical fitness or mental alertness of the driver.
Initially, it is focusing on light vehicles and their drivers / occupants. However, the concept is easily extensible to large vehicles and their drivers / occupants as well.
This research also draws on the works done by life scientists on human sensory system, brain and select externally measurable parameters (that can be measured, calibrated or accurately estimated without piercing human body).
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 30
Motivation behind the BITS-Lifeguard system
More people die of road accidents than due to natural calamities or other reasons
Out of these road accidents, as per various reports, About 8% accidents were due to mechanical problems / failures in
the vehicle About 12% accidents were found to be due to traffic violations,
wrong assessment of the situation-on-hand by the driver or activities that tend to distract drivers (including changing cassettes / CDs / speaking on mobile etc.)
Approximately, 73% of the accidents were attributed to the possibilities that the driver’s physical and mental alertness levels may have been unfit for driving at the time of accident
Remaining 7% accidents were accounted to various reasons including those of suicidal attempts / forced accidents etc.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 31
The Vision behind the BITS-Lifeguard System (1 of 2)
The overall life-saving environment in which the BITS-Lifeguard is envisioned to work shall have two core components: The wearable computing component: The BITS-Lifeguard The vehicular computing component
The scenario of action would include: Part-I:
sensing of select critical parameters that help estimate the current level of alertness and physical ability to drive safely,
comparing these with the pre-fed threshold levels and generate an alert to the driver;
in case, driver fails to respond quickly enough, send and SoS signal to the vehicular computer wirelessly
These responsibilities are handled by the wearable computer
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 32
The Vision behind the BITS-Lifeguard System (2of 2)
The scenario of action would include: Part-II
Taking over control from the driver, Safely attempting to move the vehicle as per the pre-fed
GIS map and GPS data Stopping the vehicle on a side Sending information wirelessly to the rescue / recovery
agencies providing the location details, vehicle’s details and driver’s details
Intimating to the pre-registered relative / friend about the event and location
These steps are taken by the vehicle’s computer
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 33
Elements of the BITS-Lifeguard Non-Intrusive Wearable Computing System
A wearable computing system of this category needs at least five basic elements: Non-Intrusive Sensory elements to sense the wearer’s
environment, Computing elements to take care of computational
needs; and, Communication elements to interconnect these
computing elements (with mobility) Body safe Power Supply / Generation elements to
provide the necessary power to the wearable computing system
Fabric or placeholder elements to allow interconnected elements in place <could server other purposes also>
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 34
Identifying Challenges
It was required to identify: elements of relevance Factors influencing the choices Roles of Hardware technologies (including CPU, Power
system, Sensor and Communication) Roles of Software technologies (including System and
Application software) Challenge was also to consider Trade-offs between
functionalities, form factor, weight and cost of device elements
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 35
Research Issues (1 of 10)
Sensory Issues
Selection of parameters required to be sensed Identifying the inter-relationship of these
parameters with one-another, if any, Comparison of these parameters’ usefulness to
the target system from the viewpoint of their measurability, ease of measurement, estimation or calibration
Identification of any conflicting requirements of any two or more of these parameters due their measurement process that may interfere with each-other
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 36
Research Issues (2 of 10)
Sensory Issues
Identification of best possible method of direct or indirect sensing the chosen parameters
Evaluating the best candidate methods from the viewpoints of their being appropriate to be embedded into the wearable computer’s fabric
Identifying the best mechanism and location to embed one or more of these sensory elements in the fabric
Identify the reliable interfacing mechanism to connect these elements with the appropriate part of the target system
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 37
Research Issues (3 of 10)
Processing Issues
Ascertaining the exact scope of real-time processing Estimating average and peak processing power
needed Identifying the level and mechanism of fault-tolerance
required Evaluating the available processor families and short
listing the candidate choices Deciding about a safe and secure embedding
mechanism, deciding the location of placement of processors, integration of the chosen processors with the rest of the target system
Planning power needs of the processing sub-system
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 38
Research Issues (4 of 10)
System Software Issues
Identifying the critical and optional features needed to be supported by the Operating System
Evaluating available Operating Systems on the chosen processors with respect to real-time support in the scheduling mechanism, power-management support, efficiency of operation, memory requirements, availability of ready-to-use device drivers, security support, robustness (crash-resistance and recovery included), availability of source code for modification and customization, application development support available etc.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 39
Research Issues (5 of 10)
Application Software Issues
Identification of techniques and tools that would allow: efficient, verifiable, self-correcting and time-sensitive application level software design and
development Deciding about the critical and optional modules, Formulating security (privacy included)
strategies to be implemented at the application level
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 40
Research Issues (6 of 10)
User-specific Issues
Choice of mechanism to be used for the User (Driver in this case) registration and authentication prior-to-use
User-specific critical data acquisition, sensor output calibration and verification prior-to-first use as well periodically afterwards (say every two years or after any major injury / prolonged treatment etc.)
Deciding upon the minimal set of training (ideally none) on use of the wearable and precautions, if any
Carefully evaluating the least irritating but adequately effective interface to the user for alerts (say audio only, audio and vibratory alert etc.)
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 41
Research Issues (7 of 10)
Communication Technology Issues
Identification of the low-power, short-distance, low / medium-speed wireless communication mechanism (technology, protocol included) for the wearable computing element
Ensuring that the technology and mechanism work even if accidentally an object of common use or any body part may come between the wearable computer’s transceiver and vehicle’s transceiver
Identification of Higher-level Protocol Stack for local as well as global identification of the wearable computer as well as that of the vehicle’s computer
Identification of appropriate wireless mobile communication technology that could allow vehicle’s computer to communicate with the external world in the event of the need
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 42
Research Issues (8 of 10)
Power-specific Issues
Identifying the methods and mechanisms to minimize the power requirements of the wearable computer system since providing power from vehicle’s power system is both impractical and unadvisable
Ensuring that the chosen mechanism of reduced power requirement does not adversely affect the critical aspects of operation of the wearable computing system
Identifying possible power-system elements that could supply required power to the identified elements of the wearable computer for reasonably long hours before any recharging or replacement becomes necessary
Assessing the robustness of the power-sub-system against likely failures / exposures / damages
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 43
Research Issues (9 of 10)
Security Issues
Identification / development of low-overhead based efficient security mechanisms and protocols for providing: Data integrity check Failsafe User (driver) authentication Implementation of verifiable privacy policy to
protect privacy of the user from the unscrupulous offenders
Protection against any over-the-network or EMI-based attacks on the wearable or vehicular subsystems
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 44
Research Issues (10 of 10)
User-Safety Issues
Evolution of a verifiable framework that could be used to ensure that the overall system in its entirety or any individual sub-system / element of which does not pose any threat to the physical security or mental comfort level of the user
Ensuring that a built-in self-test be executed on the wearable computer as well as on the vehicle’s computer at appropriate intervals to ensure that the system continues to conform to the specified safety norms.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 45
Current Status (1 of 2)
Vehicular Computing System
Vehicle’s communication subsystem design is ready, fine tuning and verification are yet to be done
GPS software modules have been developed A minimal GIS mechanism is being developed Vehicle’s environment is planned to be
simulated over next one year Real prototype for the vehicle’s computing
system is slated for 2008.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 46
Current Status (2 of 2)
Wearable Computing System
Architecture for the Sensory Sub-system is ready and several sensory simulation tests are under way
First phase of the Processing Subsystem Architecture has been completed, verification and prototyping is being planned
Software decisions for the wearable computing element have been made, initial choices have been frozen and a development environment is ready for use
Application software for the wearable computing system is slated for 2006
Security architecture is nearly complete and shall be evaluated within next 6 months
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 47
The The BITS Virtual University Project
Opened to public on August 15, 2001
Initially offerd primarily asynchronous learning support
It now has an advanced facility for providing IP-based Live
(interactive) Lectures On-Demand IP-based
interactive delivery of recorded sessions
Over 75% of the software used developed in house
Currently, in Phase-4
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 48
The Road Ahead …… Identification of Common Grounds and Complementing One-Another’s
Deliverables
Collaboration Possibilities in breaking new grounds Identification of Individual Project’s perceived
‘Barriers’ as points of possible collaboration Identification of Common Grounds for initiating an
inter-project dialogue Sharing the experiences Helping each-other in the process of testing,
benchmarking, standardization and field deployment
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 49
Concluding Remarks
Let us begin here… now…Let us know one-another more closely to
be able to explore synergy!Let us brainstorm to evolve a mechanism
for such collaborative co-existence…..
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 50
Thank you!Thank you!
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 51
Select References
Telescience project portal, OSGA site, NSF project site Brian Carpenter: ISOC Member Briefing # 11, Feb. 2003. Rahul Banerjee: Internetworking Technologies, Prentice-
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2003. (Also, freely downloadable from http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/~rahul and http://ipv6.bits-pilani.ac.in)
Rahul Banerjee: Internetworking Application Architectures, BITS-Pilani, 2004. (Freely downloadable from http://www.bits-pilani.ac.in/~rahul and http://ipv6.bits-pilani.ac.in)
Rahul Banerjee: An Innovative Approach to IPv6 Quality of Service – An OUCS Special Event (Invited lecture), Oxford University, Oxford, Feb. 2002.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 52
References
Rahul Banerjee. June 2001. THE BITS LifeGuardSystem, First technical meeting of the European Commission’sNext Generation Network Initiative project, Brussels.
2002 Motor Vehicle Crash Data from FARS and GES.January 2004. Traffic Safety Facts 2002: A Compilationof Motor Vehicle Crash Data from the Fatality AnalysisReporting System and the General Estimates System.Annual Report. Washington, D.C.: National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration.
European Transport Safety Council. 2001. The Role ofDriver Fatigue in Commercial Road Transport Crashes. Technical Report,
ISBN: 90-76024-09-X. European Transport Safety Council, Rue du Cornet 34, B-1040, Brussels.
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 53
References
NCSDR / NHTSA Expert Panel on Driver Fatigue and Sleepiness. 1998. Drowsy Driving and Automobile Crashes. URL: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/sleep/drsy_drv.pdf
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA). February 2001. Driver Fatigue and Road Accidents: A Literature Review and Position Paper. URL:
http://www.rospa.com/pdfs/road/fatigue.pdf
(c) Dr. Rahul Banerjee, BITS-Pilani, India 54
References
Lizzy: MIT's Wearable Computer Design 2.0.5. URL:http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/lizzy/.
Steve Mann, 1997 Smart Clothing: The WearableComputer and WearCam, URL:http://wearcam.org/personaltechnologies/
Rhodes, B. J. 1997. The Wearable RemembranceAgent: A system for augmented memory. PersonalTechnologies Journal, Special Issue on WearableComputing 1: 218-224.
Abowd, G., Atkeson, C., Hong, J., Long, S., Kooper,R., and Pinkerton, M. 1997. Cyberguide: A mobilecontext-aware tour guide. ACM Wireless Networks 3:421-433.