c hapter 3 the biosphere. w hat is ecology? ecology: the scientific study of interactions among...
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CHAPTER 3The Biosphere
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WHAT IS ECOLOGY?
Ecology: the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, or surroundings.
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Biosphere: the entire planet, including all of plants, animals as well as land water and air.
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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION REVIEW
Biosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
Community
Species
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WHAT ELSE IS IN AN ECOSYSTEM?
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BIOTIC FACTORS
The BIO-logical influences
Every living thing that an organism may come into contact with
Turtles, deer, and all other animals
Ferns, trees and other plant life
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ABIOTIC FACTORS Physical or non-living factors These include things we see and things we
don’t Temperature, nutrient availability, wind….
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APPLYING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
How many white tailed deer live with in a 5 mile radius of the high school?
What response would be produced in a corn snake population if the amount of mice was reduced in their community?
Has continental drift effected the speciation of southern migratory birds?
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DO NOW:
Can you see the energy from the sun? Explain.
Get out all supplies you need for class Notebook Highlighter Vocab sheet
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PRODUCERS
Make their own food Rely on energy obtained from their
environment Sunlight Mineral water
Aka AUTOTROPHS Auto: SELF Troph: NUTRITION
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Used by autotrophic organisms Photo- sun Synthesis- combination
Light energy is used to power chemical reactions that create simple sugars Plants, Algae and some bacteria
simple sugar
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CHEMOSYNTHESIS
Requires NO sunlight Chemical energy is used to produce simple
sugars Energy comes from chemical bonds such as
hydrogen sulfide (sewer gas)
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EXTREMEOPHYLLS
Main users of chemosynthesis Live in EXTREME environments
Volcano Vents Deep inside caves
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CONSUMERS
Rely on other organisms for energy Must eat (ingest) for energy needs
Aka HETEROTROPHS Hetero: another or different Troph: nutrition
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MEAT OR VEGGIES? HOW ABOUT BOTH Carnivores: eat animals (meat) Herbivores: eat plant life Omnivores: eat both plant and animal life
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SCAVENGERS & DECOMPOSERS
Scavengers: feed on dead plants and animals Includes earth
worms, mites and snails
Decomposers: break down organic
matter Bacteria and fungi
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Do Now: 1. Please get ready for class + get out your Macroinvertebrate lab (bug picking)2.Organize the following organisms as,,,
Red Tailed hawk FEEDS ON: mole and field mouse
Garden Mole FEEDS ON: worms Damsel fly
Field Mouse FEEDS ON: Grasses and insects
Grass FEEDS ON: uses the SUN for photosynthesis
Damsel fly larva FEEDS ON: other insects
Oak leaves FEEDS ON: uses the SUN for photosynthesis
Squirrel FEEDS ON: Acorns
Worms FEEDS ON: fallen leaves
Producers Herbivores Omnivores Carnivores
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Do Now: Please “Get ready for class” by getting your food chains out
Red Tailed hawk
Field Mouse
Grass
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DO NOW:
What would happen if one of the organisms in your food web was removed?
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WHAT HAPPENS TO THE SUN’S ENERGY?
The sun is the greatest source of energy in our universe
Photosynthetic autotrophs make the best use of this energy
Using light energy to power chemical reactions these producers are the start to almost all FOOD CHAINS on land and at sea.
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FOOD CHAIN
Represents the passing of energy from one organism to another
Starts with producersenergy is transferred as autotrophs are eaten The energy transfer continues as more animals
enter the food chain.
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IN YOUR NOTEBOOKS….
Discuss how…
BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC
BIOTIC vs. BIOTIC
ABIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC
…factors affect each other in the movie.
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TROPHIC LEVELS
Each link on a food chain is a separate TROPHIC LEVEL
Producers are the first trophic level 3
Their consumers (herbivores) are in the 2nd trophic level
The 3rd trophic level and up consists of omnivores and carnivores
2
1
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Do Now: 1. Please get ready for class. (have your owl lab out)2. Who is the most important organism in the food web
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FOOD WEB
A complex feeding relationship between the populations in an ecosystem.
All food chains in an ecosystem are linked together by a food web.
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ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
Representation of energy or matter in each trophic level of an ecosystem
Moving up trophic levels on a pyramid shows that only part of the energy or biomass is passed on to the next trophic level. Usually 10 %
-10 %
-10%
-10%
1g
10g
100g
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RECYCLING MATTERS
Matter is not gained or lost It must be recycled within an ecosystem and
between ecosystems Elements, chemical compound (H20) and
other forms of matter follow BIOLOGICALCHEMICAL CYCLES
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Do Now:
1. Please get ready for class. Ok so what is being collected today? (your owl lab out) Test Corrections
Get ready for the Quiz.