ecosystems and energy chapter 3. what is ecology? ecology- ecology- the study of systems that...
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Ecosystems and EnergyEcosystems and Energy
Chapter 3Chapter 3
What is Ecology?What is Ecology?
EcologyEcology-- the study of systems that include the study of systems that include
interactions among organisms and interactions among organisms and between organisms and their between organisms and their abioticabiotic environment.environment.
BioticBiotic AbioticAbiotic
EnergyEnergy EnergyEnergy- the capacity or ability to do - the capacity or ability to do
workwork Potential energy vs. kinetic energyPotential energy vs. kinetic energy
1. First Law of Thermodynamics1. First Law of Thermodynamics Energy can’t be created or destroyed (but it can Energy can’t be created or destroyed (but it can
change forms)change forms)
2. Second Law of Thermodynamics2. Second Law of Thermodynamics when energy is converted some of it is degraded when energy is converted some of it is degraded
into heat that disperses into the environment.into heat that disperses into the environment.
Heat and Heat and kinetic kinetic energyenergyconvertedconverted
Potential Potential energyenergy
Kinetic Kinetic energyenergy
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Light energy from the sun in captured and Light energy from the sun in captured and converted into chemical energyconverted into chemical energy
Who uses this?Who uses this? autotrophsautotrophs
RespirationRespiration
CC66HH1212OO66 + O + O22 →→ CO CO2 2 + H+ H22O + energyO + energy Makes the chemical energy stored Makes the chemical energy stored
in glucose and other food molecules in glucose and other food molecules available to the cell for work available to the cell for work (moving, growing, etc.)(moving, growing, etc.)
Life without the SunLife without the Sun Chemosynthesis-Chemosynthesis-
Flow of Energy Through Flow of Energy Through EcosystemsEcosystems
ProducersProducers- - autotrophsautotrophs Consumers-heterotrophsConsumers-heterotrophs
Primary consumersPrimary consumers Secondary consumersSecondary consumers Tertiary consumersTertiary consumers detritivoresdetritivores decomposersdecomposers
Flow of EnergyFlow of Energy
Food Chain-Food Chain- energy from food energy from food passes from organism to organism in passes from organism to organism in a sequencea sequence
Trophic levels- Trophic levels- each level or link in a each level or link in a food chain/foodwebfood chain/foodweb
Food Web- Food Web- more realistic model of more realistic model of flow of energy and materials through flow of energy and materials through an ecosysteman ecosystem
Human ImpactHuman Impact
Ecological PyramidsEcological Pyramids EcologicalEcological NumbersNumbers BiomassBiomass EnergyEnergy
The transfer between trophic levels is The transfer between trophic levels is <20%<20%
Why?Why?
How can more people be supported on Earth when there is a limited supply of resources?
Human Population GrowthHuman Population Growth
It depends on what they are eating…
ProductivityProductivity Gross primary productivity (GPP)-Gross primary productivity (GPP)-
This is the amount of light energy that is This is the amount of light energy that is converted into chemical energy converted into chemical energy
Net primary productivity (NPP)- GPPNet primary productivity (NPP)- GPP minus the energy used by the primary minus the energy used by the primary producers for respiration producers for respiration . .
Human ImpactHuman Impact
Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere and whale huntingand whale hunting
OzoneOzone Global warmingGlobal warming
PracticePractice Fox eats – rabbit and miceFox eats – rabbit and mice Rabbit eats- grassRabbit eats- grass Mouse eats- grass and grasshopperMouse eats- grass and grasshopper Grasshopper eats- grassGrasshopper eats- grass Golden eagle- eats rabbit, snake, and foxGolden eagle- eats rabbit, snake, and fox Snake eats- miceSnake eats- mice Barn owl- eats miceBarn owl- eats mice Humans eat- rabbitHumans eat- rabbit Draw a food web and identify the Draw a food web and identify the
consumers and producers. ID the consumers and producers. ID the primary, secondary, and tertiary primary, secondary, and tertiary consumersconsumers