c itaipu. one of brazil’s premier tourist attractions....itaipu’s power is sent to brazil via...
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[email protected] | www.turismoitaipu.com.br
Information and reservation:
0800 645 46 45
More than millions of megawatts of power every year, Itaipu brings forth incredible emotions in thousands
of tourists who come visit the largest generator of clean renewable energy on the planet. Itaipu’s attractions
were the first in Brazil to get the ISO 9001 quality seal. Besides, the Special Tour, a trip through the core of the
power plant, has been chosen by the Ministry of Tourism and Fundação Getulio Vargas one of the best tourism
practices in the country. Make sure you come see us. The power of Itaipu awaits you.C�
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The world’s largest generator of renewable clean energy
ENGLISH VERSION
In 2013, Itaipu reached another historic milestone: 18 million visitors. Coming from 197 countries, our visitors have had the chance to see and marvel at one of the planet’s most outstanding works of engineering. To turn out numbers that high, it could only be the world’s largest power plant. It is time for you, too, to find out why Itaipu is an attraction for the world and a source of pride for us all.
www.itaipu.gov.br
History : : 6
Main phases : : 8
Generation : : 10
Transmission : : 11
Itaipu and other power plants : : 12
Main characteristics of the power plant : : 14
Itaipu in numbers : : 15
One of the seven wonders : : 16
Unparalleled legal framework : : 16
Corporate governance : : 17
Itaipu Corporate University : : 18
Knowledge management : : 19
Unila : : 20
Itaipu Technological Park : : 21
Electric Vehicle : : 23
Dam Safety : : 24
Electrical System Automation and Simulation Laboratory : : 25
Itaipu Renewable Energy Platform : : 26
Cultivating Good Water Program : : 28
Biodiversity Corridor : : 31
The Spawning Channel : : 33
Social Responsibility : : 37
Royalties : : 39
Iguaçu, the water destination : : 41
Tourism at Itaipu : : 42
Special Tour : : 43
Panoramic Tour : : 44
Eco-museum : : 45
Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary : : 46
Lighting of the Dam : : 48
Astronomic Hub : : 49
Kattamaram : : 50
Company Tour : : 51
| Staff | Published by the Itaipu Binacional Public Relations Department
| Av. Tancredo Neves, 6.702 | 85867-633 | Foz do Iguaçu | Paraná | Brazil
| Phone: +55 (45) 3520-5252 | e-mail: [email protected] | www.itaipu.gov.br4
The Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant, the world’s
largest in terms of power generation, is a binational
enterprise undertaken by Brazil and Paraguay on
the Paraná River, along the border between both
countries.
Itaipu
B R A Z I L
B O L I V I A
P A R A G U A Y
A R G E N T I N AU R U G U A Y
5
HISTORYAt the peak of construction, over 40,000 people worked to build the power plant.
Itaipu started generating power in May 1984
6
he construction of the plant was the product of intense
negotiations between Brazil and Paraguay which started back in the 60s and
culminated on April 26, 1973, when the Itaipu Treaty was signed: the legal
instrument necessary to harness the Paraná River’s hydropower potential.
In May 1974, the Itaipu binational company was created to build the power
plant and manage it later on.
T
7
1975 / 2013MAIN STAGES
19 8 4 19 85 19 8 6 19 87 19 8 8 19 8 9 19 9 0 19 91 19 92 19 93 19 9 4 19 95 19 9 6 19 97 19 9 8
Number of Installed Units
0 – 2 2 – 3 3 – 6 6 – 9 9 – 12 12 – 15 15 – 16 16 – 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Annual PowerOutput – GWh
277 6,327 21,853 35,807 38,508 47,230 53,090 57,517 52,268 59,997 69,394 77,212 81,654 89,237 87,45
Prodution Progress
8
The Paraná River diversion
channel is excavated, the rockfill
dam is built, the industrial job site
is set up, the control structure and main cofferdams are
built, and the river is actually diverted from its natural bed.
Stage I 1975 to 1978
The main dam, right wing dam,
earth and rockfill dams, the
spillway, and the powerhouse in
the riverbed are built, and the main electromechanical
equipment starts being assembled.
Stage II 1978 to 1982
The diversion control structure
sluice gates are closed, the
reservoir is filled up, and the spillway is opened.
Stage III 1982 to 1986
Stage IV 1984
The powerhouse in the
diversion channel is built,
and generator assembly is completed, up to the
18th unit.
Stage V1986 to 1991
Another two generators
are installed and start
operating, making up the 20 units established in
the original project. The 19th Unit (U9A) started
operating, on a trial basis, in June 2006. The last
one (U18A) went into production in the first quarter
of 2007.
Stage VI2000 to 2007
With 20 generators in
operation and 14,000
megawatts of installed power, in 2013 Itaipu
reached the historic mark of 98,630 GWh generated,
breaking its own world power generation record.
Stage VII2007 to 2013
19 9 9 20 0 0 20 01 20 02 20 0 3 20 0 4 20 05 20 0 6 20 07 20 0 8 20 0 9 2010 2011 2012 2013 T O T A L
18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
90,001 93,428 79,307 82,914 89,151 89,911 87,971 92,690 90,620 94,685 91,651 85,970 92,246 98,287 98,630 2,135,680
Itaipu started generating power in
May 1984. From then onwards,
its production has risen and
since 2006 has remained at a level close to 90 million
megawatt-hours (MWh). See the table below.
9
Itaipu’s installed power is 14,000 megawatts (MW), with
twenty generators of 700 MW each. The output from only
one of those units would be enough to supply the current
brazilian average consumption of power of 2.5 million
residences.
The historic record for electricity production was set in 2013,
with a production of 98,630,035 megawatt-hours (MWh).
The previous record had been set in 2012, when Itaipu
generated 98,287,128 MWh.
Just to give you an idea, the power generated by Itaipu
in 2013 would be enough to cover the entire worldwide
consumption for about two days; or supply a country like
Paraguay for 8 years.
Half of Itaipu’s 20 generators work at 50 Hertz (Hz), which is
the frequency used in Paraguay, while the other ten generate
at 60 Hz, the Brazilian market frequency.
GENERATIONItaipu’s installed power is 14,000 megawatts
10
Itaipu’s power is sent to Brazil via the
Furnas Transmission System. There are five
transmission lines, three of them in alternating
current (60 Hz) and two in direct current.
The electricity travels 800 to 900 kilometers
from the plant to the state of São Paulo,
where it reaches the Tijuco Preto and Ibiúna
substations and then joins the Brazilian
interconnected system to be distributed.
The alternating current circuit has a substation
in Ivaiporã, Paraná, which makes it possible to
not only direct Itaipu’s power to southern Brazil
but also to receive power from the south to
supply the southeastern market, if necessary.
The direct current electricity is converted into
alternating at the Ibiúna Substation, São Paulo,
before it joins the Brazilian interconnected
power system.
Transmission
Itaipu’s power is sent to Brazil via the Furnas Transmission System
1111
ITAIPU AND OTHER HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Grand Coulee :: USA :: 6,809 MW 5
Guri :: VENEZUELA :: 10,000 MW 3
Tucuruí :: BRAZIL :: 8,370 MW4
Itaipu :: BRAZIL | PARAGUAY :: 14,000 MW2
9 Robert-Bourassa :: CANADA :: 5,616 MW
12
Despite not having the highest installed power, Itaipu remains the world’s largest hydropower
plant in terms of electric power generation.
PARAMETERS ITAIPU THREE GORGES
Turbines 20 (700 MW) 32 (700 MW)
Installed power 14,000 MW 22,400 MW
Annual production record
98.6 million MWh
(2013)98.1 million MWh
(2012)
Concrete used 12.7 million m3 27.94 million m3
Height 196 meters 181 meters
Length of dam
7,919 meters (concrete, rockfill and
earth – 7,744 meters and Hernandarias dyke – 175
meters)
4,149 meters (concrete – 2,309
meters and Maoping dyke – 1,840 meters)
Spillway / Discharge capacity
62,200 m3/s 120,600 m3/s
Excavations 63.85 million m3 134 million m3
No. of people resettled 40,000 1.13 million
Reservoir
Length 170 km 600 km
Area 1,350 km2 1,084 km2
Storage Capacity 29 billion m3 39.3 billion m3
Regulated operating level (above sea level)
220 m 175 m
Sayano Shushenskaya :: RUSSIA :: 6,400 MW7
Krasnoyarsk :: RUSSIA :: 6,000 MW8
Three Gorges :: CHINA :: 22,400 MW 1
Longtan :: CHINA :: 6,426 MW 6
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MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POWER PLANT
Construction work (in m³)Concrete | 12.7 million Earth excavation | 23.6 million
Rock excavation | 32 million
WatershedArea | 820,000 km²
Mean annual rainfall | 1,509 mm
Mean tributary discharge | 11,720 m³/s (1983 - 2013)
ReservoirMaximum regulated level | 220 m
Area at maximum regulated level | 1,350 km²
Volume at maximum regulated level | 29 billion m³
Length | 170 km
DamTop height | 196 m
Total length | 7,919 m
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SpillwayMaximum discharge capacity | 62,200 m³/s
Spillway length | 483 m
Gates | 14 units
Gate size | 21 m length – 20 m width
PenstocksLength | 142 m
Inner diameter | 10.5 m
Rated flow | 690 m³/s
PowerhouseLength | 968 m
Width | 99 m
Top height | 112 m
GeneratorsPower | 700 MW
Voltage | 18 kV
Frequency | 50/60 Hz
Head | 118.4 m
Rated discharge | 690 m³/s
Weight | 6,600 t
12.7 million m3 of concrete were used in the construction
Itaipu in numbers:: The total concrete volume used to build Itaipu would be enough to put up 210
soccer stadiums like Maracanã in Rio de Janeiro.
:: The iron and steel used would allow the construction of 380 Eiffel Towers.
:: The Itaipu spillway’s maximum discharge (62,200 cubic meters per second) is 40
times the average flow of the Iguaçu Falls.
:: The discharge from two Itaipu turbines (approximately 700 cubic meters of water per
second, each) is equivalent to the average discharge of the Iguaçu Falls (1,500 cubic
meters per second).
:: The height of the main dam (196 meters) is equivalent to that of a 65-story
building.
:: Brazil would have to burn 560,000 barrels of oil a day in oil-fired power plants to
get the same amount of power generated by Itaipu.
:: The volume of earth and rock excavations at Itaipu was 8.5 times greater than
at the Eurotunnel (connecting France and England beneath the English Channel)
and the volume of concrete used was 15 times greater.
15
In 1995, US magazine Popular Mechanics asked engineers from
across the world to choose the seven wonders of the modern
world. The magazine published the results in its December
issue that year: Itaipu was one of those elected, along with the
Eurotunnel (France-England), the North Sea protection works
(the Netherlands), the Empire State Building (USA), the Canadian
National Tower (Canada), the Golden Gate Bridge (USA) and the
Panama Canal (Panama).
One of the seven wonders
Unparalleled legal framework
T � � � � � � � T � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
whose legal framework is the only one of its kind in the world. It
is a binational company governed by the very Treaty that set it up
and its Annexes (A, B and C), by the additional protocols and other
derived acts, and its Statutes, besides Public International Law.
Absolutely unique, it is neither a state-controlled company nor a
corporation. Its reference currency is the US dollar but transactions in
Brazil are carried out in ‘reals’, and in Paraguay, in ‘guaranis’.
The document that created Itaipu is also a lesson in geopolitical compromise, as it has led both countries to
share the natural resource they have in common – the waters of the Paraná River – which can only be used
in consortium by the two countries.
k
ther
ons in
16
methods via the automation, standardization, transparency
and control of its corporate processes.
Other essential steps taken to update the binational
company’s corporate governance as of 2007 include
implementing Process-Based Management and adopting
the PMI - Project Management Institute methods to manage
projects.
Product and service purchases by Itaipu are now made
via competitive bidding at binational electronic auctions.
The only one of its kind in the corporate world, the system
enables Brazilian and Paraguayan companies to take part, via
the Internet, in the power plant’s bidding processes, which
are quoted in ‘guaranis’, ‘reals’ and dollars. By having all of its
systems interconnected, the company has managed to cut
back on the red tape and costs of its corporate processes. By
doing so, Itaipu has been achieving increasingly better results
and cementing itself as a benchmark of serious, transparent
management in Brazil and Paraguay.
Strict internal and external, direct and indirect, distinct
and cumulative controls attest the guidelines presented.
Additionally, the company regularly undergoes internal and
external audits. Although it is not subject to the inspection
and audit regulations in force in the two countries, given its
unique legal nature, Itaipu makes a point of promptly fulfilling
every information request made by Brazilian courts and
governmental control agencies.
Itaipu Binacional operates under the principle of transparent
economic-financial management that is continuously
improved. To that end, its corporate governance is ruled by
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, a.k.a. SOX, the strictest legislation in
the international financial market. Designed to prevent fraud
and ensure the accuracy of accounting information provided
by companies, SOX rules have been applied to Itaipu in order
to enhance and strengthen its in-house control framework,
as well as improve its information technology and business
processes.
In line with global market demands, the power plant’s
management now adopts the United States Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles (USGAAP) as its accounting
standard. In 2006, Itaipu implemented the mySAP-ERP
software, an advanced economic-financial information
integrated control system. That technological solution has
made it possible for Itaipu to improve its management
CORPORATE
GOVERNANCETransparent management governed by international market regulations
Itaipu adopts the strictest corporate
governance standards
17
ITAIPU CORPORATE
UNIVERSITY
The Itaipu Corporate University (Universidade Corporativa da Itaipu - UCI) has been set up to protect the intellectual and technological assets constantly generated at Itaipu. Operating on three comprehensive fronts (Research and Development - R&D, Knowledge Management, and Corporate Education), the UCI has chosen to not have its own infrastructure and work in a matrix-like manner across the company, coordinating its different departments so as to help them share expertise and thus further staff development.
In this way, its work ranges from protecting intellectual property by encouraging and supporting patent registration, all the way to managing agreements and reference documents signed between Itaipu Binacional and Fundação Parque Tecnológico Itaipu (PTI) to regulate company employee participation in R&D programs and enable research, scholarships, lab tests, distance education platforms, and other projects.
Encouraging scientific paper publication in Brazil and abroad is another prominent activity included in the UCI’s scope of work. With that goal in mind, the UCI designates trained R&D facilitator employees to provide all the necessary guidance to students, who find at the university the perfect conditions to take their studies and research further, aided by scholarships from the Advanced Technological Development Program (Programa de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico Avançado - PDTA) run by Fundação PTI.
The results of the policy providing unlimited support to scientific investigation can be seen in the over 400 research projects involving Brazilians and Paraguayans fostered by the PDTA, 170 of which the power plant is directly interested in, such as golden mussel control, fish migration via the Spawning Channel, increased capacity for 50 Hertz transmission into Paraguay, and dam concrete durability, among others.
Intellectual and technological assets safeguarded
18
a trainee program enabling young people to work side-by-side with key personnel in operating the hydroelectric power plant since 2000.
Additionally, Itaipu’s Intranet hosts the Knowledge Management Portal, where videos and extensive written documentation allow newly-admitted employees to learn all the details of the process that implemented the last two generators installed at Itaipu.
Through the measures listed above and others, Itaipu safeguards the valuable knowledge generated by its builders and first managers, so as to ensure the supply of quality power to Brazil and Paraguay for many decades to come.
At Itaipu, the relentless search for original solutions started from the very beginning: as there had never been in Brazil or Paraguay another project of such magnitude, from building the dam to replacing parts of its 20 turbines, the power plant has always generated demands for specific solutions to its challenges.
When the first generators started operating in the 1980s, maintenance downtime used to last 30 days. Today, Itaipu carries out such procedures in just nine days – one of the best averages in the world when compared to large-scale hydroelectric power plants.
Keeping such knowledge inside the company and making it available to new generations of technicians is strategic for a power plant the size of Itaipu, which has been running
KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENTKnowledge as a management strategy
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Itaipu is a partner of the Brazilian government in the Foz do Iguaçu implementation of the Latin American Integration University (Universidade da Integração Latino-Americana - Unila), a bilingual (Portuguese and Spanish) higher education institution dedicated to teaching, research and extension in sciences and humanities; fields that are considered a priority for the continent’s integration.
The company donated 40 hectares for the construction of the campus, whose completion is estimated for 2014. Until then, classes are taking place at the Itaipu Technological Park facilities. Once it is fully implemented, Unila will house 500 instructors and 10,000 students (both at the rate of 50% for Brazil and 50% for the other Latin American countries).
At first, the university will operate 20 programs encompassing fields like energy, the environment, history, management, culture, languages, cinema, and others. Its educational proposal is innovative, allowing integration among the programs so that knowledge may be shared by related fields.
Unila has been set up with the mission of helping create a Latin American frame of mind that fosters the progress of the region’s integration process; creating a common environment where instructors and students from all Latin American countries can interact; putting together advanced investigation networks and training top quality human resources; besides creating the Southern Common Market Advanced Studies Institute (Instituto de Altos Estudos do Mercosul - IMEA), dedicated to establishing an international research hub.
A new university focused on Latin American integrationUNILA
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Created in 2003 by Itaipu Binacional, the mission of the Itaipu Technological Park (Parque Tecnológico Itaipu - PTI) is to understand and transform the reality of the Iguassu Three-Nation Area: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, by coordinating and fostering initiatives dedicated to economic, scientific and technological development.
The PTI is an innovating environment whose initiatives are aimed at generating and disseminating knowledge at all levels, developing science and technology, and generating jobs and income. Besides, since it is located inside the world’s largest power plant in terms of power generation, it also benefits from the know-how accumulated over 3 decades of the plant’s operation.
ITAIPU
TECHNOLOGICAL PARK
Disseminating technologies between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina
21
The PTI supports the education of skilled staff at the technical,
higher, supplementary and corporate levels. Additionally, it runs
a Science and Technology program that fosters scientific project
development, academic production, the implementation of
labs and research centers, and the education and training of
students, instructors and researchers by funding research grants.
It also coordinates Research, Development and Innovation
projects that add technological and innovative value to
the area and make it possible to generate new business. It
currently coordinates research by the Dam Safety Advanced
Initiatives
21
Facilities
The PTI is located in the former lodgings of the workers who built the
Itaipu Power Plant. These facilities have been changing into a modern
infrastructure that houses classrooms, research labs and centers, business
offices, a library, auditoriums, videoconference rooms, and a restaurant.
Also set up there are the State University of Western Paraná (Universidade
Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Unioeste), the Open University of Brazil
(Universidade Aberta do Brasil - UAB), the Brazilian Technical School (Escola
Técnica do Brasil - E-Tec), the Paraná Federal Institute (Instituto Federal do
Paraná - IFPR) and the temporary campus of the Latin American Integration
University (Universidade da Integração Latino-americana - Unila).
The Park is also home to the Institute for Applied Technology and Innovation
(Instituto de Tecnologia Aplicada e Inovação - Itai), the Iguassu International
Hub Institute (Instituto Polo Internacional Iguassu), the International
Hydroinformatics Center (Centro Internacional de Hidroinformática) and the
River Plate Basin Knowledge and Social-Environmental Care Center (Centro
de Saberes e Cuidados Socioambientais da Bacia do Prata).
Studies Center (Centro de Estudos Avançados em Segurança de Barragens
- Ceasb), the Electrical System Automation and Simulation Lab (Laboratório
de Automação e Simulação de Sistemas Elétricos - Lasse), the Itaipu
Renewable Energy Platform Program (Programa Plataforma Itaipu de Energias
Renováveis), and the Electric Vehicle Program.
Moreover, it helps set up and solidify innovating companies, thus boosting
job and income generation in the area. To do that, it works on the different
stages of business development via the Entrepreneur Factory (Fábrica de
Empreendimento), the Santos Dumont Business Incubator (Incubadora
Empresarial Santos Dumont) and the Business Condominium (Condomínio
Empresarial). One of the benefits offered to companies set up at the PTI is the
access to an environment that fosters research, development and innovation.
22
With the growing worldwide vehicle fleet, today close to 800 million, there is an ever more pressing need to seek alternative solutions to oil-based fossil fuels. Besides being a non-renewable resource, its use is currently one of the main causes of global warming. Fostering research and projects that make such alternatives concrete and affordable has been the role taken on by leading companies that believe in sustainable development. Itaipu Binacional, the world’s largest hydroelectric power producer, is one such company. That is why the company has coordinated the EV Program, a worldwide initiative that fosters the development of electricity-powered vehicles. Itaipu’s partners in this initiative are organizations like Kraftwerke Oberhasli (KWO), a controller of Swiss hydropower plants, and the automakers Fiat, Renault, Agrale, Mascarello and Iveco., in addition to technology companies, power utility companies, and research institutions from Brazil, Paraguay and Switzerland.
The EV can be considered a 100% green alternative since it does not release pollutants and uses clean, low-cost, renewable energy provided by hydroelectric power plants. The program started with the signature of an international technical cooperation agreement entered into by Itaipu and KWO in May 2006. Located at the binational company’s facilities and funded by Eletrobrás and Itaipu, the Electric Vehicle Research, Development and Assembly Center (Centro de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Montagem de Veículos Elétricos - CPDM-VE), was created to assemble the prototypes.
The basic proposal of the EV Program is to enable the development of a model suitable for the South American tropical characteristics, based on technology used in Swiss vehicles manufactured during the first stage of the project (which ran for 120 km, had a top speed of 130 km/h, and a battery requiring 8 hours’ recharging time). The goal of the studies is to master the technology of light and heavy electric vehicles by applying technological innovations. The idea is to develop Brazilian technology to manufacture the vehicles and the main imported components, making it possible to find alternatives leading to increased battery mileage and decreased recharging time.
The scope of the project also includes developing electric vehicles for small cargo transportation. In 2009 such work, carried out in collaboration with Iveco (Fiat’s heavy vehicle maker) led to the first model of an electric truck made in Latin America. The vehicle is powered by three batteries weighing 165 kg each and running for 100 km. The batteries have an 8 hour recharging time and a life spanning 1000 complete recharging cycles. Their components are fully recyclable.
Every step the EV Program achieves, Itaipu and its partners become closer to enable the insertion of electric vehicles on the streets, fighting for space with the current combustion engines cars.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE Clean, efficient technology2323
Dam Safety
At a hydroelectric plant the size of Itaipu, attention to the safety of its dam is directly proportional to its physical dimensions and the reach of its responsibilities as a power supplier for two countries. To do that, besides all the experience it has amassed since it was built, the power plant is fitted with an advanced monitoring and auscultation system, that includes 2742 instru-ments, from which 10% also allows automatic data acquisition. Itaipu has made this know-how available to the academic community and other hydropower plants, leading to another pioneering project: the Dam Safety Advanced Studies Center
(Centro de Estudos Avançados em Segurança de Barragens - Ceasb).
Ceasb has research lines for the development of monitoring area of civil and electromechanical structures. Using modern computing tools, Ceasb acts in the evaluation and durability of concrete, conducts geological and geotechnical investigations, consolidating a database that is a source for simulations, besi-des developing interactive programs and processes to monitor, review and check the parameters of its generating units.
24
Located at the Itaipu Technological Park and featuring state--of-the-art equipment, the Electrical System Automation and Simulation Lab (Laboratório de Automação e Simulação de Sis-temas Elétricos - Lasse) is, so to speak, an open window from where one can anticipate the behavior of a hydropower plant’s machines by means of a complete simulation of their opera-tions. Besides enabling scientific research at the academic level and providing third parties with services, one of the lab’s main duties is to support Itaipu’s upgrading program.
Electrical System Automation and Simulation Laboratory
Briefly speaking, Lasse resources make it possible to learn the results of several equipment replacements being carried out at the plant, since Itaipu was originally built with analog technology from the 1970s and 1980s and has been gradually retrofitted with digital technology machines and components.
25
ITAIPU RENEWABLE
ENERGY PLATFORM
Energy sustainability in practice
It is a form of power generation mandated by law in Brazil in 2004. However, only tests carried out by Itaipu together with the Paraná state power company (Companhia Paranaense de Energia - Copel) gave the ideal safety parameters for that type of operation, which consists of using methane gas released by decomposing organic matter to power motor generators capable of fully supplying a farm’s power needs, or at least powering it at the time slots when electrici-ty prices are higher.
To show the technical and economic viability of that type of activity, Itaipu’s Renewable Energy Office has set up a group of five demons-tration units across the Paraná Watershed 3. Given that the technical safety and economic viability of biomass-based power generation have been proven, Itaipu now plans to encourage other farmers to become energy self-sufficient, which would directly benefit the envi-ronment and improve people’s quality of life in western Paraná.
Distributed GenerationThe main goal of the Itaipu Renewable Energy Platform is to show the technical, economic and environmental viability of using other renewable energy sources. A local response to a global challenge, its mission is to advance local energy efficiency and sustainable development through the use of solar, wind, biomass and hydro power in the area surrounding its reservoir, which concentrates one of the country’s largest meat and dairy production centers.
The idea is to create new business opportunities and make the farming and livestock industries in western Paraná self-sufficient energy-wise, concurrently with an environmental recovery process. By developing the platform’s methods, Itaipu operates as the coordinator of different economic and social players – schools and research institutions, associations and cooperatives, companies and the government. One of its work’s targets is to implement the Distributed Generation concept.
26
International Hydroinformatics Center
For 50 years, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) has addressed water-related issues via the
International Hydrological Program, IHP, through which it monitors
watersheds across the world. Since 2003, UNESCO has monitored
in Brazil the São Francisco Verdadeiro River watershed, which is an
important part of the Paraná Watershed 3 (BP3) and has a direct
influence on the Itaipu reservoir.
Acknowledging that Itaipu applies good water management practices
to the watershed to foster the environmental sustainability of its
main economic input, i.e. water, UNESCO has set up a partnership
with Itaipu to implement, at the Itaipu Technological Park, a referen-
ce center specializing in training technicians to operate digital resour-
ce management tools and applications, and thereby replicate Itaipu’s
experience in the 70 watersheds monitored by the IHP worldwide.
It is called the International Hydroinformatics Center, already opera-
ting in binational offices in Foz do Iguaçu and Ciudad del Este. It has
turned out a significant number of management tools and monito-
red the preparation quality of over 2000 environmental recovery
projects for BP3 farms and micro basins.
Hydrogen, Fuel of the Future
Itaipu has been investing in studies on hydrogen application and use by funding staff training and research scholarships. To research the use of hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels, in 2006 Itaipu signed an agreement with the Campinas State University (Universidade Estadual de Campinas - Unicamp), considered an important Brazilian reference center in hydrogen technology.
An important stage in Itaipu’s Hydrogen Program will be the imple-mentation of a small Hydrogen Production Unit designed to master hydrogen production, handling and storage technology. Besides being environmentally friendly, hydrogen will be yet another alternative to replace oil in various energy applications and especially in means of transportation.
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CULTIVATING GOOD WATER PROGRAM
An innovating environmental management experience is underway in the 27 cities of the Paraná Watershed 3, and two other cities – Mundo Novo and Altônia – reaching an area of 8 thousand km², where about 1 million people live. Nestled at the junction of the Paraná and Iguaçu rivers, the area is wealthy in natural resources. However, much like any other farming frontier, it has suffered the consequences of quick deforestation and out-of-control settlements, which took place more intensely as of the 1950s. In recent years, thanks to an ambitious sustainable development policy, the local landscape has shown remarkable changes.
The about-face is largely due to the Cultivating Good Water Program, an initiative spearheaded by Itaipu Binacional.
Cultivating Good Water
benefits over 1 million people
Seeking to provide local responses to the global warming challenge, the program has had its innovating concept and results acknowledged in Brazil and abroad. The first innovation was the adoption of a new watershed-based environmental management model.
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Watershed-based ManagementCultivating Good Water’s watershed-based management focuses its initiatives on a new notion of territory that transcends the cities’ political-administrative division. It works where the problems are, under an absolutely correct concept of respecting nature’s own planning unit. Everything happens on the micro basin.
The program’s second innovation is to not waste time looking for the culprits – the agents causing environmental liabilities. All efforts are geared toward the same goal: correcting mistakes from the past, taking environmental liabilities down to zero, and adopting environmentally sustainable practices, in order to build a new future. The third innovation is the bull’s-eye bet on people’s engagement and participation as the main driver of change.
When humanity’s very own survival and that of all forms of life on the planet are at stake, no one can afford to be remiss. So that there can be sustainable development, mobilizing all economic, political, cultural, environmental, social, and religious factors is vital. Under the Cultivating Good Water program, communities are the lead character. The level of engagement reached in the area can be measured in numbers: the program involves over 2,146 partners.
The program’s fourth innovating feature is its core emphasis on the educational component. Every action is imbued with environmental education. To put it in a different manner: the program fosters environmental education via hundreds of initiatives. The methods used draw from the work of educator Paulo Freire. The action-reflection duo is present in all stages of the program. The idea is to turn the communities in every micro basin into learning communities. The program has only been working because it engages people who learn by participating.
Prata's Hydrographic Basin
Paraná River's Hydrographic Basin
Itaipu Reservoir's Hydrographic Basin
B R A Z I L
B O L I V I AB O L I V I A
P AP A R AR AR A G UG U A Y
U R U G UU G UU G UU G U A Y
A R G E N T I N A
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Partners
To implement the Cultivating Good Water program, Itaipu is
helped by more than 2,146 partners working in 29 legally set
up management committees. The make-up of management
committees varies in each city, and every organized civil society
entity is welcome to join them. There are representatives from
the communities, NGOs, governmental agencies, companies,
that is, the entire social fabric making up a network of formal
and informal partners. These committees are subdivided in
subcommittees, which work on the specific topics of each
program/social-environmental initiative carried out.
Initiatives
Awards
Considered the most comprehensive environmental initiative
in the electricity sector, the Cultivating Good Water program
comprises 20 programs and 65 projects/initiatives of social
and environmental resposability that encompass micro
basin recovery, riparian forest and biodiversity conservation,
and the dissemination of values and knowledge that help
educate people under the ethics of care concept.
Due to its actions and results, the program has served as a
model of good practices mainly in Brazilian hydropower grid
and has received several national and international awards.
Until December 2013, the Cultivating Good Water Program has
been granted more than 30 awards, and excels in meetings
and discussion forums about environment and sustainability
both in national and international levels. Some of the most
important are: Charter of the Earth and Zilda Arns award,
in 2005; Brazilian Environmental benchmarking, which was
awarded 4 times, besides being elected “the case of the
decade” in 2012; and National Business Socio-environmental
Responsibility Distinction award, granted in 2008 by Instituto
Ambiental Biosfera (Biosphere Environmental Institute). In
2009, it was granted the ECO award and the Von Martius
Sustainability award. In 2010, it was presented with the
greatest national award in recognition for the water care
– ANA award (ANA - National Water Agency); and in the
following year, it was chosen as an example of excellence in
environmental sustainability for Americas Award 2011, granted
by UNITAR (United Nations Institute for Training and Research).
Among many other awards, it has also been given the “Animal-
Friendly Company” and the“Trash Picker-Friendly Company”
seals.
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BIODIVERSITY CORRIDOR
he Itaipu reservoir protection strip is essential to
ensure the creation of the Paraná River Biodiversity
Corridor, which will connect western Paraná’s natu-
ral areas and conservation units with those existing
in Paraguay and Argentina.T
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To connect the reservoir’s green belt and the Iguaçu
National Park, 70 hectares are being reforested and 76
kilometers of fences are being put up on the borders
between the corridor and neighboring farms.
The work is being carried out in collaboration with public
environmental institutions, city administrations, non-
governmental organizations and the local community.
The Biodiversity Corridor has been designed to
allow the genetic flow of local plants and animals.
Deforestation has broken up natural areas, today limited
to governmental and privately-funded conservation units
in addition to some isolated remnants on farms, thus
creating an “island effect”. Without an interconnection
between green areas, low genetic variability may lead to
the extinction of several plant and animal species.
Biodiversity Corridor links the Iguaçu
and Ilha Grande National Parks
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The Migratory Fish Channel allows fish reproduction on the Paraná River
MIGRATORY FISH CHANNELHow fish swim past the dam
ARMADODOUR ADO CURIMBATÁ BARBADO
The Migratory Fish Channel was built to allow schools
of fish to overcome 120 meters difference between the
Paraná River and the Itaipu Reservoir, swimming towards
reproduction areas, located mainly in the Paraná River
tributaries and flood plains upstream from the reservoir.
The Channel is 10 kilometers long, out of which 4
kilometers are a man-made bed and 6 kilometers
incorporate the natural bed of the Bela Vista River.
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Its width varies between 5 and 12 meters, and its flow is
approximately 12 cubic meters of water per second.
Some of the most important institutions involved are the
State University of Maringá (Universidade Estadual de
Maringá - UEM) and the State University of Western Paraná
(Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - Unioeste),
which carry out limnology and ichthyology studies.
P I N TA D O C ASCUDO -PRETO PACU JAÚ
Research involves several institutions besides Itaipu itself, which plays the role of coordinator
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Itaipu does permanent research into the channel to monitor fish migration in real time via a radio-telemetry system. After electronic transmitters are fitted to some fish specimens, five reception stations track school movements and assess the efficiency of the work. Since 2010, Itaipu also started to use the passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag system.
The radio-telemetry transmitters implanted in 130 specimens of species like surubim (Pseudoplatystoma
corruscans), cachara (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum), jaú (Jungaru zungaro), dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and curimba (Prochilodus
lienatus) have indicated that approximately 40% of the specimens migrated to the Itaipu reservoir (one of them swam 625 km upstream before it was recaptured) and
around 35% migrated to the Paraná River (downstream).Thanks to the research, it was found that a large percentage of fish in the Paraná Watershed, approximately 80%, uses the channel both for migrating (up and downstream) and as a living habitat.
Dozens of caimans (Caimam latirostris), otters and 113 species of birds (representing nearly 35% of the birds in the State of Paraná) have also been sighted along the channel.
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A 430 meters stretch along the Migratory Fish Channel
called the ‘Itaipu Canal’ has been especially designed
for the practice of sports like white-water kayaking,
rafting and slalom. According to the Brazilian Canoeing
Confederation, the stretch is considered one of the best
in the world to practice those sports.
In March 2012, the Itaipu Canal hosted the Canoe
Slalom Pan American Championship - continental
qualifier for the London Olympic Games.
The Itaipu Canal
The Brazilian
Canoeing Team
uses the Itaipu
Canal for training
and competitions
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
To Itaipu, social-environmental responsibility is a work stance, a form of sustainable management. That is why the company seeks to generate the most power with a minimum of waste, fulfills its legal obligations, with respect to the different audiences it deals with, and interacts with the community in which it does business.
Social-environmental work is one of the company’s hallmarks. Besides expanding its programs focused on the community, its in-house audience and the environment, Itaipu has undergone upgrades and become even more transparent.
Many steps have been taken and there are many more yet to come, always looking at sustainability. To encourage
corporate social responsibility from other companies, Itaipu now requires its suppliers’ commitment to not use child labor as well as to foster environmental conservation.
With an eye on the future, Itaipu acts today to raise awareness. Some of the main programs developed are the Volunteer Force (Força Voluntária), the Incentive to Gender Equity (Incentivo à Equidade de Gênero), the Child and Adolescent Protection Program (Programa de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente - PPCA), the Work Initiation and Incentive Program (Programa de Iniciação e Incentivo ao Trabalho - PIIT), the Outreaching Power (Energia Solidária), the Health on the Border (Saúde na Fronteira) and the Incentive to Tourism (Incentivo ao Turismo).
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The Volunteer Force and the Incentive to Gender Equity programs integrate the in-house audience and the community. The Volunteer Force encourages employee participation in volunteer actions and carries out campaigns that benefit the community.
The Gender program allows people to talk about the various aspects of the diversity issue. In 2006 and 2009, the program was presented with the Pro Gender Equity seals, both granted by the Special Office for Women’s Policies.
Itaipu has built and helps fund two
hospitals, one in each country
One of the programs Itaipu develops is Health on the Border,
which strengthens public health policies by having the
Itaipu Health Work Group (Grupo de Trabalho Itaipu Saúde)
coordinate with the various Brazilian, Paraguayan and Argentine
governmental levels and spheres. Itaipu also operates two
hospitals, one called Área 2 in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, and
Hospital Ministro Costa Cavalcanti in Foz de Iguaçu, which was
awarded the title of Kid-Friendly Hospital in 2005. In 2007, Costa
Cavalcanti was granted the Hospital Accreditation certificate.
Health on the Border – A binational initiative
In turn, the Outreaching Power program seeks to develop Vila C, a low-income district close to the power plant. The program offers courses to the community and coordinates matters between Vila C, institutions and the government.
The PPCA and PIIT are dedicated to children and teenagers. The PPCA strengthens and fosters the policy safeguarding children’s and teenagers’ rights in the three-nation area. The PIIT works to train teenagers for the job market.
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ROYALTIES
The money is used to improve
the local social indicators
Itaipu has distributed over US$ 8.8 billion
in royalties to both countries
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The royalties paid by Itaipu to both countries from 1985 to 2013
as compensation for the use of water resources to generate
power amounts to US$ 8,8 billion.
The payment of royalties is set forth in Annex C of the Itaipu
Treaty. On the Brazilian side, such funds especially benefit the
State of Paraná, where the power plant is located, and the 16
cities surrounding the reservoir, 15 of them in Paraná and one in
Mato Grosso do Sul.
The funds are invested to improve the local human development
indicators, and their allocation prioritizes the areas of education,
health, housing and basic sanitation.
ssential for the Brazilian and
Paraguayan economies for the
power it generates, Itaipu also
brings the two countries direct
financial benefits.E
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IGUAÇU, THE WATER DESTINATION
The border area between Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil), Puerto Iguazú (Argentina) and Ciudad del Este (Paraguay) is located at the point where two major rivers meet: Paraná, one of the world’s largest in terms of water volume, and Iguaçu, which before running into the Paraná River puts on one of the greatest natural shows on the planet, the Iguaçu Falls, shared by Brazil and Argentina.
On the Paraná River, 40 kilometers from the Falls, is the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant, the world’s largest in electricity generation, and its 1350 km2 reservoir.
The Iguaçu Falls attract over 2 million tourists from all countries to visit the Brazilian and Argentine parks. The
The Iguaçu Falls attract over
2 million tourists every year
Foz do Iguaçu is home to two attractions still unrivaled in the world. One, sculpted
by nature: the Iguaçu Falls; the other, by the hand of man: the Itaipu Hydropower Plant
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number of visitors at Itaipu is grand as well: over 900,000 every year.
Foz do Iguaçu is a city with a population exceeding 250,000 people, who represent 81 ethnicities. It is the second city most visited by foreign tourists in Brazil, and the first among non-state capitals. It has one of the largest concentrations of hotels in Brazil.
Ciudad del Este, in Paraguay, stands out for its trade of imported products, while peaceful Puerto Iguazú, in Argentina, sets itself apart for its hospitality, cuisine, and fine Argentine wines.
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TOURISM AT ITAIPU
Visiting Itaipu means seeing up close what human skills
can accomplish on behalf of economic and social-
environmental development. Considered one of the
seven wonders of the modern world by the American
Society of Civil Engineers, Itaipu is a monumental work
that dazzles tourists not only for its size but also for its
technological and environmental features.
Itaipu offers a specific tour for each visitor profile. Tourists
planning on visiting the power plant have several options.
Learn more about them on the following pages.
0800 645 4645
An attraction seen by more
than 18 million people
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It is the most comprehensive tour, including a visit
inside the power plant and stops at strategic locations,
such as the top of the dam, the main control room,
the drive shaft of a fully operating generator, the
galleries where the turbines are installed, and the
massive concrete cathedrals within the main dam.
Special Tour
:: PAID TOUR ::
When: Everyday, from 8am to 4pm.
Duration: approximately 2h30
Tickets and Information:Visitors’ Reception CenterAvenida Tancredo Neves, 6702Phone: 0800 645 4645 | +55 (45) 3520-6676
e-mail: [email protected]: www.turismoitaipu.com.br
Note: The minimum age for this tour is 14 years old. Visitors are not allowed to wear slippers, high heeled shoes, shorts or miniskirts during the tour. Sandals are only permitted if they fit tightly on the heel, are flat and have rubber soles. Visitors who do not comply with these criteria will not be able to make the visit. It’s recommended booking in advance
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Panoramic Tour
Panoramic Tour
:: PAID TOUR ::
When: Everyday, from 8am to 4pm.
Duration: approximately 1h40.
Tickets and Information: Visitors’ Reception CenterAvenida Tancredo Neves, 6702Phone: 0800 645 4645 | +55 (45) 3520-6676
e-mail: [email protected]: www.turismoitaipu.com.br
Note: Tour on open buses. On rainy days, it is recommended to wear a raincoat. It’s advisable booking in advance.
Visitors can choose the panoramic tour, which is
shorter and visits only outdoor areas at the power
plant. This tour includes a documentary on Itaipu and
stops at the main observation deck, spillway and the
top of the dam.
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The first of its kind in Latin America
Itaipu has innovated by preserving and disseminating its history. At the Eco-museum, visitors learn about the history of the power plant and the reservoir area, told in a very interactive way with the aid of computer resources and unconventional exhibits like historically accurate settings, besides scale-models and electronic totems.
The museum has been designed in modules and shows from the settlement of western Paraná all the way to the environmental conservation projects carried out by the power plant. The tour has surprises in store for visitors, like water and power theme rooms where children and adults take part in workshops; and the replica of a running turbine axle – featuring the typical noises from the core of the power plant.
An amazing panel with 4500 3x4 cm photos of construction workers blending into a photo of the hydropower plant honors the thousands of people who built Itaipu.
Eco-museum
Eco-museum
:: PAID TOUR::
When: Tuesdays to Sundays, from 8am to 4:30pm
Duration: Free (approximately 1h).
Tickets and Information: Visitors’ Reception CenterAvenida Tancredo Neves, 6702Phone: 0800 645 4645 | +55 (45) 3520-6676
e-mail: [email protected]: www.turismoitaipu.com.br
Note: The withdrawal of the ticket is done exclusively at the Visitors’ Reception Center.
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Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary
The Biological Sanctuary is home to endangered animal species46
Located between the Iguaçu and Ilha Grande National Parks, Itaipu plays an essential role in environmental conservation in the three-border area. The power plant’s oldest and most successful project in this field is the Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary, a conservation unit created to house the thousands of plants and animals displaced by the power plant’s reservoir.
At the Biological Sanctuary, visitors have five theme tours to choose from, and are chaperoned by guides. The trails involve environmental education and hikes in the native woods, where enclosures have been built to hold wild animals like Juma the jaguar.
The sanctuary is in itself an ecology lesson. Every building in the area makes use of alternative power sources and has been built based on green architecture concepts
Bela Vista Biological Sanctuary
:: PAID TOUR::
When: Tuesdays to Sundays, from 8h30 to 3h30.
Duration: 2h30.
Tickets and Information: Visitors’ Reception CenterAvenida Tancredo Neves, 6702Phone: 0800 645 4645 | +55 (45) 3520-6676
e-mail: [email protected]: www.turismoitaipu.com.br
Note: Tour subject to cancellation on rainy or extremely windy days. We recommend wearing comfortable shoes and clothes for walking. It’s advisable booking in advance.
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Lighting of the Dam
The power generated by Itaipu also provides another kind of show. At the very plant, the power yielded by its turbines dazzles visitors at the Lighting of the Dam. Before the lights go on, two hosts and a video played on big screens tell the history of the hydropower plant and translate it into outstanding numbers. Suddenly, amidst the darkness, the concrete dam holding the Paraná River waters is lit up by more than 800 floodlights and light fixtures
A music score especially created for the show is perfectly synchronized to the lights as they turn on. Tourists watch the show from the main observation deck, from where they see the power plant operating from a distance in daytime. Just to give you an idea of the beauty and grandeur of the show, the power used in it would be enough to light up a city with a population of 15,000. The lighting is added extra charm on full moon nights
Lighting of the Dam
:: PAID TOUR::
When: Fridays and Saturdays, at 8pm (9pm during daylight saving time).
Duration: 1h30.
Tickets and Information:Visitors’ Reception CenterAvenida Tancredo Neves, 6702Phone: 0800 645 4645 | +55 (45) 3520-6676
e-mail: [email protected]: www.turismoitaipu.com.br
Note: Tour on open buses. On rainy days, it is recommended to wear a raincoat. It’s advisable booking in advance.
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The latest attraction at the Itaipu Tourist Complex combines entertainment and the dissemination of scientific knowledge. It is the Astronomic Hub, located by the Itaipu Technological Park. Besides being a tourist attraction in its own right, it is dedicated to students from the entire area, who find there excellent tools to complement what they learn at school.
The infrastructure includes four telescopes for astronomic observations (one of them with a 500x magnification capability). However, the main attraction is the planetarium, the first in the Iguaçu Three-Nation Area and the country’s first to be associated to an observatory. The theater seats 73 under the dome-shaped ceiling, onto which the 180º projections are cast. The Astrono-mic Hub also features an outdoor amphitheater for educational and artistic presentations, in addition to a library, an auditorium, a sundial, a weather station, and other attractions. This project helps Itaipu show that Foz do Iguaçu can also provide the setting for scientific tourism, which extends knowledge and arouses visitors’ curiosity.
Recreation that rimeswith educationAstronomic Hub
Astronomic Hub
:: PAID TOUR::
When: Wednesdays, Thursdays and Sundays, at 10am and 4pm.Tuesdays to Sundays, at 10am, 4pm and 7pm (7:30pm during daylight saving time)
Duration: 2h.
Tickets and Information:Visitors’ Reception CenterAvenida Tancredo Neves, 6702Phone: 0800 645 4645 | +55 (45) 3520-6676
e-mail: [email protected]: www.turismoitaipu.com.br
Note: The Planetary and Universe Space can be visited regardless of sky conditions. The observation depends on favorable weather conditions. It’s recommended booking in advance.
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then proceeds to the massive, 7.919 kilometer long dam of Itaipu Binacional between Brazil and Paraguay.
The boat also features a special tour on Friday and Satur-day evenings, making it possible for people to watch the Lighting of the Dam show from a privileged location. Tours also include the attractions found on the Brazilian shore of the Itaipu Lake, which is surrounded by nine man-made beaches.
From moonlit nights to the striking sunset over the Itaipu lake, many are the possible scenes surrounding a ride on the Kattamaram boat. The new attraction of the Iguaçu Destination brings together comfort and sophistication for a memorable tour of the beauties offered by the reservoir of the world’s largest hydropower plant in terms of electri-city generation.
Equipped with full infrastructure to serve up to 200 peo-ple per trip, the boat features an open deck, an American bar, a restaurant and a sun room. There are several ride options ranging from pre-established tours up to special chartered tours.
The main tour departs from the Três Lagoas man-made beach in Foz do Iguaçu. The boat sails for a few kilometers up to the Santa Terezinha de Itaipu man-made beach, and
An unforgettable boat cruise on the Itaipu LakeKattamaram
Kattamaram
:: PAID TOUR::
Phones: +55 (45) 3529-9864 | 3529-7976
e-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.macucosafari.com.br
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INSTITUTIONAL VISITVisit for specific
audiences
More restricted, the institutional visit opens the
hydropower plant’s doors to representatives from
companies, institutions, research centers and
universities. Advanced scheduling is required.
Institutional Visit
:: RESTRICTED ::
When: Mondays to Fridays.
Duration: 2h30.
Information:Visitors’ Reception CenterAvenida Tancredo Neves, 6702Phones: +55 (45) 3520-6988 | 3520-6985
e-mail: [email protected]
Note: It must be booked in advance and its confirmation is subject to Itaipu’s schedule. Visitors are not allowed to wear slippers, high heeled shoes, shorts or miniskirts during the tour. Sandals are only permitted if they fit tightly on the heel, are flat and have rubber soles.
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