WINTER 1966

C O L U M B I AA Newsletter Published by Community Research & Development, Inc. Winter, 1966

$50 Million Financing Signed for Columbia

Town Center, 1980.

A NEW CITY FOR AMERICAWithin the next three months, as

winter draws to a close in Maryland, the construction of Columbia will begin. More than three years of the most comprehensive study, planning and organization

ever undertaken in American urban development preceded groundbreaking for the new city.

The original concept of Columbia called for acquistion of enough land directly in the path of inevitable development

to accommodate an eventual population of more than 100,000 people. Part of that concept specified that the land be acquired early enough to permit the design of a city which would provide the broadest freedom of opportunity and variety of environment and facilities for its people.

First, Community Research and Development, through a unique and pioneering financing arrangement with the Connecticut

General Life Insurance Company, acquired more than 15,000 acres of land in 165 separate purchases in the Washington-Baltimore corridor in Howard County, Maryland.

Following announcement of the land assembly of a tract somewhat larger than Manhattan Island in the fast-developing corridor, CRD devoted more than a year and almost a million dollars to the study and design of all of the systems and elements that would result in the best urban environment that could be brought about. This meant not only the incorporation of the full body of knowledge of urban

(Continued on Page 14)

Three of the nation’s major financial institutions are backing the development of Columbia with the largest sum ever advanced for the building of a new city.

Frazar B. Wilde, chairman of the board of Connecticut General Life Insurance Company; David Rockefeller, president of the Chase Manhattan Bank; and William C. Greenough, chairman and president of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, have announced that their companies are providing $50 million in long-term mortgage notes to Community Research & Development

Inc., for the building of Columbia.Connecticut General Life Insurance

Company made the project possible by financing the acquisition of more than 15,000 acres in Howard County. The other two investors have now joined Connecticut General in a financing program that will include the land purchase and the scheduled development program.

“The imaginative and comprehensive plans for Columbia afford a unique investment opportunity as well as farsighted solutions to many of the problems which have beset urban growth in America,” Mr. Wilde said.

. . The development of cities has often lacked at the early planning stages the financial resources necessary for large- scale land acquisition and comprehensive planning and development. We are cer­tain this investment will make possible a quality community, based on the physical condition of the area and the needs of its people.”

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C O L U M B I A

Volume 7 Number 1

Published quarterly by Community Rearch and Development, Inc., The Village of Cross Keys, Baltimore, Maryland 21210.

Please send notification of change of address to the attention of the Information Department.IThe Columbia Newsletter is available upon request.

Six Engineering Firms Retained

The engineering work required for Columbia is already well underway with 6 Maryland consulting firms retained for major projects.

The Towson firm of Jerome B. Wolff & Associates has worked on basic utility studies, serves as liaison between Columbia

and the State Roads Commission, and is responsible for the preliminary and final design of Wilde Lake and the lake in Town Center.

Rummel, Klepper & Kahl, Baltimore consultants, are designing Town Center roads, the ring road around Town Center and related bridges and drainage.

LOCATIONMAP

Almost centered in the rapidly growing corridor

between Washington and Baltimore,

Columbia is easily reached from both metropolitan areas and is within minutes of Friendship International

Airport. Interstate­ 95, an 8-lane

expressway, will provide major access to the new city.

UTILITY CONTRACT SIGNEDOn October 4, Community Research

and Development signed an estimated $1,750,000 contract with the Howard County Metropolitan Commission for installation of the first portion of Columia's

sewer system.Under the terms of the contract, CRD

paid 10% of its share of the cost of the 7-mile-long line at the time the contract was signed, with the balance to be paid when the job is put up for bids.

The contract provides for the construction

of an interceptor and sewage lines running from the intersection of Route 108 and Route 29 to Savage. The line, varying from 12" to 42" in diameter, will follow the Little Patuxent River.

Approved at a public hearing November 22, the project was incorporated by

the Metropolitan Commission on December 13 into its 1966 program. It will be

completed within the year and is designed to serve all population increasesgenerated by Columbia’s development.

C. D. Messick & Associates, Annapolis, have been retained for the preliminary and final engineering design of Village 1, its residential streets and related storm drainage.

Green Associates, Inc., Baltimore consultants, are preparing the preliminary and final plans for the transit bridge over Lake 2, a major structure with an anticipated­

construction cost in excess of $1 million.

Water and sewer facilities are being designed for the Howard County Metropolitan Commission by Whitman, Requardt & Associates, Baltimore. The consulting firm is working under agreements between the Metropolitan Commission and Columbia.

Purdum & Jeschke, with offices in Baltimore and Ellicott City, Maryland, are charged with all survey work for property control and basic engineering studies for the first industrial area.

Maps, Inc., Baltimore cartographic firm, has produced the basic reference map of the Columbia area for use in the engineering designs.

Architects Named for 3 Projects

The total design of Columbia will involve a large number of local and nationally-known architectural firms. The seletion of three architectural firms, all from the Baltimore-Washington area, has been announced to date.

Keyes, Lethbridge & Condon, District of Columbia, have been retained for the architectural planning of Town Center.

The Village Center for Village 1 will be designed by Cohen, Haft & Associates, Silver Spring, Maryland.

The Baltimore architectural firm of Potter & Beck will design the clubhouse for the first golf course.

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First Lake Named for Frazar WildeColumbia’s first lake is named after

Frazar B. Wilde, chairman of the board of Connecticut General Life Insurance Company.

Mr. Wilde is recognized as having lived the legendary pattern of the American

success story. He joined Connecticut General in 1914 as an office boy and 22 years later, at the age of 41, became its president. He was elected chairman of the board in 1960.

He is a founder and first chairman of the Institute of Life Insurance. By self-education, he has become a nationally respected authority in economics. He is chairman of the Committee for Economic Development and was appointed in 1965 by President Johnson to the Advisory Committee on International Monetary Arrangements. When the Commission on Money and Credit completed in 1961 the first thorough survey in 50 years of U.S. public and private fiscal policies and institutions, he was its chairman. He has been a consultant to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve and vice chairman of the nonpartisan Business Committee for Tax Reduction.

Mr. Wilde has been consulted on economic matters by the national administration

and has frequently been called by Congress to testify before the House Ways and Means Committee and other Congressional committees.

VITAL INTEREST IN COLUMBIA

“The naming of Wilde Lake is a recognition of Mr. Wilde’s vital interest in the concept of Columbia as a solution to many of America’s urban expansion problems,” said James W. Rouse, CRD’s president, in announcing the name of the first lake. “He was among the first to recognize the need for a project of Columbia’s dimensions and his has been a guiding hand without which the project would not have been possible.

Map shown locations of Columbia’s 5 proposed lakes, to be among the largest man-made bodies of water in the state. The lake program, totaling 530 acres of Columbia's

open space and recreation plan, has been almost

entirely approved by the state, with further study recommended for Lake 5.

CRD is now at work on the final plans for Wilde Lake and Lake 2; the latter is the lake for Town Center just west of Route 29. Columbia’s lakes will be designed for recreational use, including boating

and fishing, similar to the lake pictured.

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Dr. Calvin W. Stillman has been appointed to serve as consultant in this study. He taught at the University of Chicago and is vice-president of the Broadcasting Foundation of America. Currently Dr. Stillman is a professor at the New School for Social Research in New York.

The comprehensive study will consider day care centers, pre-elementary education,

elementary and secondary education, vocational education, higher education and adult education. Work on the study was initiated the first week of January, 1966.

Village Centers will be location of many library, religious and educational facilities.

Funds Granted for Educational Study

The Fund for the Advancement of Education has granted $14,000 to the Maryland State Department of Education for the preparation of a comprehensive plan for education in Howard County, including Columbia.

The Fund, established by the Ford Foundation, has made the grant to engage a consultant for six months to work closely with the Maryland State Department

of Education, the Howard County Board of Education and CRD in the preparation of a master educational plan.

Library Study CompletedA comprehensive report on a library

system for Columbia has been completed under the direction of Dr. C. Walter Stone, Director of Libraries, University of Pittsburgh.

The study, financed by a $4,750 grant from the Council on Library Resources, considers all phases of a library system for the entire new town, including estimated costs of construction and operation.

Serving under Dr. Stone on the study project were Dr. Richard Darling, Supervisor of Library Services, Montgomery County Public Schools: Dr. Harold

Goldstein, Graduate School of Library Science, University of Illinois; and Dr. Philip Lewis, Director of Research, Development

and Special Projects, Board of Education, Chicago, Illinois.

The study group was aided by an Advisory Committee of 9 library specialists, including representatives of Baltimore’s Enoch Pratt Free Library, the Maryland State Department of Education, U.S. Office of Education, Howard County Board of Education, and Marvin Thomas, Director of the Howard County Public Library System.

The study is being submitted to the Board of Trustees of the Howard County Library for review and recommendations.

Religious Facilities Corporation A History­Making Project

“This is probably the first time in American church life that churches have ventured this far in experimenting with the concept of shared facilities,” says Rev. Clarence Sinclair, staff member of the National Council of Churches working

with the Religious Facilities Committee for Columbia.

Basically, the plan involves the sharing of church facilities by several congregations

at the same time. Columbia’s first Village is expected to have only three sanctuaries serving its congregations.

Instrumental in the project will be the Religious Facilities Corporation, a non-profit organization with its directors elected from the Mission Development Committee of the National Council of Churches. The RFC will be responsible for administration of Columbia’s shared religious facilities concept, planning for the new town’s ecclesiastical concept, and for the related architecture.

Serving on the Religious Facilities Committee to organize the RFC are Rev. Fred Webber, executive of the Presbytery­

of Baltimore; Attorney John E. Morse, head of church building financing. United Church of Christ; Dr. B. P. Murphy of the National Division, Board of Missions of the Methodist Church; and Clayton Wallace, Office of Church Extension, Central Atlantic Conference, United Church of Christ.

The following church bodies have endorsed the project:

American Lutheran Church American Baptist Convention Christian Churches, Disciples Church of GodCouncil of Community Churches The Episcopal Church Evangelical United Brethren Lutheran Church in America Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod Quakers (Baltimore Friends)Maryland Baptist Convention The Methodist Church The Moravian Church United Church of Christ United Presbyterian Church, U.S.A

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CA: Columbia’s Unique Plan for Amenities

From its very beginning, Columbia will provide a much broader range of services and amenities than can be found in many well-established, larger cities. The lakes and parks, stream valleys and open spaces; the swimming pools, tennis courts, playing fields and landscaped parkways; the meeting rooms, libraries, pre-school child care and recreation areas, and many other facilities will be available from the first stages of development and will belong to all of the people of Columbia.

To make possible this high level of facilities from the inception of the new city, and to provide an efficient means of operation and maintenance of them, the Columbia Association was formed. This unique organization will give the residents of Columbia both the means and the mechanism to assure a strong, healthy and attractive community.

The Association will function under the guidance of a board of directors representative of the residents and land-owners of Columbia. A full-time professional staff will operate the recreational and other facilities. Revenues will be provided from a modest assessment and from user charges. Even when combined with Howard County taxes, total assessments in Columbia will be comparable to or less than almost every adjacent area. More

importantly, the level of amenities and services provided will be far higher than any other area in the entire region.

Through the Association, Columbians will have the opportunity to enjoy a range of urban services and facilities rarely available to residents of even the finest communities. The people of Columbia will also have in being the means to provide for new opportunities or requirements

for the city as they occur.

Columbia Association will support recreational and open space facilities.

COLUMBIA IN THE PRESS

The Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company has presented to CRD a communications concept for Columbia. As envisioned by C&P, Columbia makes possible a one- package communications system including closed circuit television systems, taped library material acquired by phone, lineless extensions, tele-lectures for business use and— as shown above— a Picturephone service.

“. . . socially and economically the most complete new-city concept in the U. S. to date . . .”

—LIFE

“. . . almost breathtaking in its possibilities . . . (the developers) . . . are entitled

to generous applause for the imagination and skill that have gone into the planning of this venture and for the courage to think of the future of this area with boldness befitting the mounting popula­tion statistics.”

—THE WASHINGTON POST

“. . . represents the most conscious American effort so far to meet the needs of a rounded community within a carefully costed commercial project . . . deserves the attention of builders of new towns on both sides of the Atlantic.”

—THE ECONOMIST, LONDON

“. . . hallmark of the whole project so far has been vigor and imagination.”

—BALTIMORE EVENING SUN

“. . . may be this nation’s most ambitious effort in new community planning. Surely it is among the most imaginative.”

—THE WASHINGTON STAR

“. . . the entire planning process has shown evidence of the hard-headedness that befits a public corporation engaged in a profit-making venture . . . (the developers) are confident of the results— within decidedly non-utopian limits . .

—ARCHITECTURAL FORUM

“The project represents the most ambitious and imaginative attempt of its kind in the United States.”

—BALTIMORE NEWS AMERICAN

. . (the plans for Columbia) . . . showa real American city—with all the evidentbugs of existing cities taken out . . . Theart of urban design is in the details.”

—WOLF VON ECKARDT, THE WASHINGTON POST

(Continued on page 11)

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SYMPHONY SERIES SET FOR COLUMBIAPlans made to hold first summer concert program in 1967

The Washington National Symphony has accepted CRD’s offer to build a new concert facility at Columbia. Named the Columbia Pavilion of Music, the new concert center will be a specially constructed, covered amphitheater on a landscaped 10-acre wooded site in the center of Columbia’s 40-acre central park.

James M. Leefe, a San Francisco architect specializing in the construction of

large tents, has designed the Pavilion. It will have a seating capacity of 3,000 with additional accommodations for 3,000 outside the theater.

The large covering is the first such design in the U.S. Constructed of 3500 square yards of canvas, it will have interior tiedown stations as well as supporting

poles to give it a novel appearance.A stage with an acoustical shell will be

installed inside the Pavilion. Christopher Jaffe, who designed the shell successfully used this past summer in New York City by the New York Philharmonic is the consultant for stage design.

The land on which the Columbia Pavilion is to be built will be provided by CRD, and construction will be

financed by CRD so there will be no immediate capital outlay by the orchestra association.

The agreement between the symphony association and CRD is dependent upon two conditions: 1) that the orchestra receive a substantial grant from a foundation

which would enable the association to extend the playing season; and 2) that a satisfactory agreement be reached between the association and the musician’s union. With these conditions met, it is expected that the first concerts could be held during the summer of 1967.

Mrs. John T. Connor, wife of Secretary of Commerce; Osby Weir, president of the National Symphony Orchestra Association; and Mrs. Merriweather Post, vice president of the Association, study model of Columbia concert pavilion.

The first such design in the U.S., the pavilion is made of about 3/4 of an acre of canvas; will provide facilities for 6,000 concert goers. San Francisco architect specializes in tent design.

Maestro Howard Mitchell is one of only two major U.S. symphony conductors selected from the ranks of their own organizations.

WASHINGTON NATIONAL SYMPHONY: Orchestra of the Presidents

The internationally renown 111-member National Symphony Orchestra played

64 concerts in 19 countries during the past year. Among its recordings are the famous RCA Victor 10-volume "Adventures in Music.”

In planning for a summer music amphitheater program the National Symphony joins other major orchestras such as the Boston Symphony and Detroit Symphony which conduct summer series in specially

built concert facilities.Washington’s resident orchestra is now

in its 35th subscription season. It is conducted by Howard Mitchell, one of only two conductors of major American orchestras appointed directly from the ranks of their own orchestras.

The founder of the National Symphony in 1931 and its first musical director was the late Hans Kindler. Coincidentally, he is buried in a private

cemetery within the Columbia area.Since Mitchell’s appointment as

conductor, the Orchestra has grown remarkably. The season has been lengthened to

36 weeks, and the number of concerts has increased to 200. The total audience per season is estimated at more than 40,000.

Known as the “Orchestra of the Presidents,” the National Symphony has played for inaugurations of every president since its founding.

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BETWEEN PURCHASE AND DEVELOPMENT:

A Story of Land UtilizationAn interesting by-product of major

land developing is the availability of large land parcels for fairly long periods between the time of purchase and the actual beginning of development.

At Columbia, CRD has established a number of agricultural programs to utilize almost the entire land parcel. Seven thousand acres are leased to farmers for

street shade and screening, and 22 varieties of flowering ornamentals for lawn

and decorative plantings. Species include oak, maple, ash, sweet gum and the more exotic ginko, Japanese pagoda tree, London plane tree. Little-leaf European linden and Blue Atlas cedar.

The company worked with engineers of neighboring W. R. Grace Research

road costs with owners of adjoining properties for fire control lanes through their timber areas.

Part of the overall land program involves land clearing, and CRD cooperates closely with the Savage and Clarksville Volunteer Fire Departments in the razing of sub-standard buildings, a valuable training

exercise for the volunteers.

Much of the acreage purchased for the development of Columbia consists of rolling farmland and other open space. Howard is an essentially rural county and agricultural activity can be a practical enterprise for the developer of a major land parcel.

varied agricultural activities, 4,000 acres are under a highly selective timer improvement program, and 2,000 acres are operated by the company as farms, nursery and pasture land.

A QUARTER MILLION TREES

At the rate of 40,000 trees per year— 20,000 each spring and fall—CRD is planting a total of 252,000 tree seedlings for eventual transplanting to various locations in Columbia.

The tree program includes 75 varieties of hardwood and coniferous trees for

Laboratories to develop a tractor-drawn device for metering fertilizer for mass planting. Assisting CRD in the nursery program are County Agent Warren G. Myers and Soil Conservation Agent Elmer Saur.

FIRE PROTECTION

Another facet of Columbia’s land improvement program is the cutting of access roads through timber property for improved fire protection. The company constructs such fire access roads not only on its own property but also shares access

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L to R: George Beaver, Columbia’s farm manager; Robert E. Stansfield, assistant county agent; and Warren G. Myers, Howard County agent, measure CRD’s 1965 corn production. Farms are rated competitively on basis of bushels per acre.

FARMING AND 4H

CRD boards cattle for several owners, devotes 300 acres to corn production and 400 acres to hay. The company has sold a portion of its hay production to the Howard County 4H Clubs at 1/4 market value, and the proceeds from this sale

have been put into a scholarship fund from which Columbia awards an annual college scholarship to a deserving Howard County boy or girl. The program, under the direction of John Shallcross for CRD and David Tugend, County Extension Agent for 4H, went into effect in 1965.

SOD PRODUCTION

In 1965, CRD seeded 87 acres of Columbia with Kentucky blue grass and re-seeded 55 acres stripped for sod sales. After the wheat harvest, the company seeded that acreage for sod in its program to build 200 acres of annual sod production. Sod is sold in place by the acre, and customers include the Maryland State Roads Commission and the Virginia State Highway Department.

CRD’s field operations are under the direction of John Shallcross, Director of Lands Management. Donald Nahrgang is Nursery Manager and George Beaver is General Farming Manager.

Another CRD-4H activity is the long term $l-a-year lease the company has granted 4H for more than 5 acres in one of Columbia’s permanent green space areas. The 4H Clubs will establish a nature camp on the site.

Immediately adjacent to CRD’s Howard County office on Route 29, the company has granted the use of some 10 acres and a barn for the “29ers” Donleigh 4H Beef Project. CRD also provides its Route 29 office facilities to 4H for monthly meetings.

Far left: Columbia tree planting crew places 500 seedlings per hour; 3,500 per day. Rig plows shallow trench and meters 2-ounce fertilizer application at automatically measured intervals. Crew riding planter drops seedlings in trench at fertilizer locations and device closes trench. In second photo, Nursery Manager Donald Nahrgang prunes London plane trees planted in early 1965.

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A unique tree transplanter is speeding the landscaping program for various portions of the Columbia site. Recently, more than 30 large trees up to 18 feet in height were moved to Atholton Village, the nearby Columbia office of CRD, and trees were moved to future Town Center.

The 96-horsepower John Deere JD600 is able to excavate a planting hole, dig up a tree with the required root ball, transport it to the planting site and lower it into position—all in a matter of minutes. In addition to its use in Columbia, the machine can be rented by others interested in such a service.

COLUMBIA IS PART OF FEDERAL BIRD STUDY

Columbia has become a unique part of a long range study of bird population trends in Maryland and Delaware.

Under the auspices of the Federal Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, the study in this area is conducted from the Migratory Bird Populations Station in Laurel, Maryland. The work involves a long range study of all birds, including game birds, based upon systematic random samplings of breeding populations. Population trends in Columbia will be compared with those throughout Maryland.

Columbia offers the Bureau an unparalleled opportunity to study the progressive effects of urbanization upon bird populations in farmland which is to be converted in a brief time span to an urban environment. The survey has already begun.

FIELD TRIAL AGREEMENT SIGNED

The National Capital Field Trial Club, Inc., and Columbia have signed a 9-year agreement permitting the Club to conduct spring and fall trials at River Hill Farm in Columbia. The first such event is planned for April, 1966.

Under the terms of the agreement, Columbia will provide kennel space for 30 dogs, box stall stables for 20 horses within 15 minutes driving time from River Hill, the use of the Columbia Route 29 office for a 4-day period per trial and the use of the River Hill lodge.

The current agreement is in effect until April, 1975.

River Hill Manager Larry Moore and pointer.

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L to R: Paul Kaufman of National Educational TV; Mort Hoppenfeld, assistant project director; cameraman; Wallace Hamilton, acting director of institutional development; and Kaufman’s assistant filming show in Columbia’s design department.

COLUMBIA ON EDUCATIONAL TV

COLUMBIA IN THE PRESS(Continued from page 5)

. . these planners have done far more than any other group in the country to make academic disciplines serve a builder in the field . .

—HARPER’S

"This community-planning scheme goes a long way toward fostering better education, better government, and better transportation within the town.”

—HOUSE AND HOME

‘‘Columbia is designed so residents will have the advantages and facilities and opportunities of a big city along with the rewards of a small town.”

—BALTIMORE MAGAZINE

“. . . this is more than just another attempt to meet this decade’s booming demand for houses; it aims to solve a whole range of urban and suburban problems . . . The concept could well be called Olympian.”

—SUNDAY MAGAZINE, THE WASHINGTON STAR

Howard County Library Assembling Columbia Collection

The Howard County Library has received two donations from CRD for the purchase of a Columbia collection of books pertinent to new towns.

The initial gift, in the amount of $500, was made in 1964. Marvin Thomas, Director of the Howard County Library, states that the funds were used for the acquisition of books primarily on city planning and urban development.

A second gift, $250, made in June of 1965, has been used to enlarge the Columbia collection with books of a broader scope, including new trends in education, data processing and other subjects expected to be a part of Columbia's

development.The Howard County Library, 839

Frederick Road, near Ellicott City, serves 17,000 patrons.

National Educational Television, which supplies educational television programs to more than 100 non-commercial s stations, has filmed Columbia’s design progress for use in an upcoming segment of a continuing series on American life. The 60-minute program has the working title: "America’s Crisis: New Towns.”

National Educational Television’s executive producer, Paul Kaufman, and his crew have covered Columbia, West Coast and European projects to present a well-balanced portrayal of the growing impact of new town design on the American Scene. The program is now undergoing final editing and will be released nationally

to educational TV stations in February, 1966. According to the producers,

a print will be given to CRD for use at

the Cross Keys office in Baltimore.This will mark Columbia’s second

major TV appearance. In mid-1965 the project was featured by WMAL-TV in Washington in a documentary program about the new towns underway in the Washington area.

CRD’s Hamilton and Wallace on camera.

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I

HOWARD COUNTY GOVERNMENT VITAL TO COLUMBIA SUCCESS Extensive Road

Vital to Columbia's successful development and administration is the government of Howard County itself. The government’s concern for the county’s future and its recognition of Columbia as one solution to rapidly expanding population led to the approval of the project in 1965.

Howard County is a single political subdivision of the state, and its government affords county-wide policy making and administration.

County policy is formulated by a 3-member board of commissioners through the board’s power to approve the 12 department budgets, levy county taxes and appoint the various county administrative personnel.

All county public services are administered under the board of commissioners with the exception of the M etropolitan Commission which, nevertheless, must have all of its major acts approved by the board. The county’s tax rate is lower than that of any nearby county: $2.35 per $100 of assessed value.

Howard County, not under “Home Rule,” must have all its laws— except regulatory ordinances— passed by the Maryland State Legislature which meets every other year.

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES

Howard County has a single county-wide school district headed by the Howard County School Superintendent and administered by a 5-man school board.

There are about 11,000 children in the school system which maintains 20 school buildings and employs 480 personnel at an expenditure of $486 per student.

Although Howard County has no public kindergartens, some 400 children are enrolled in private kindergartens using, where feasible, space provided by the public school system.

PUBLIC SAFETY

A unique control alarm system is used to coordinate all county public safety services. The system maintains 2-way radio contact with all stations and patrols on a 24-hour basis through 8 dispatchers. It is coordinated with the public safety organizations of surrounding counties.

The police department is headquartered in Ellicott City. Activity is coordinated with the M aryland State Police through two Howard County barracks.

Six volunteer fire companies operate in Howard County. Three county election districts levy a fire tax up to $.10 to supplement fire protection budgets. The county is currently considering the establishment of a fire service coordinator to oversee the 6 departments and to increase the efficiency of fire protection services.

HEALTH AND WELFARE

Howard County maintains several health clinics with x-ray, prenatal, mental health and other facilities. Also part of the county public health program are the provision of nurses for school examinations, a sanitarian, a chief medical examiner and the operation of trash removal contracts.

ROADS

The county maintains 290 miles of paved roads through county appropriations and state highway tax rebates. The county roads department has 61 employees.

PLANNING AND ZONING

The County Planning Commission reviews all subdivision plats and is responsible for the county’s General Plan for Development.

The zoning commissioner bears the responsibility for formulation and enforcement of Howard County’s zoning ordinance and its amendments.

The complete dualization of Route 29 from Route 40 south through Columbia then to Burtonsville in Montgomery County is included in the Maryland State Roads Commission 6-year highway construction program which began July 1st, 1964, and ends June 30, 1970.

STATE PROGRAM

This 6-year program is in three 2-year phases, each requiring the approval of county officials. Programmed for Howard County in the 1964-1966 phase are these projects:1. Addition of a 2nd lane to 1.14 miles

of existing Route 29 from Md. 144 to a point south of Md. 103;

METROPOLITAN COMMISSION

The M etropolitan Commission operates a single sanitary district in the county and plans, programs, constructs and operates all public water and sewage systems in the county. The commission levies an ad valorem and utility tax based on front footage at a rate of about $3.00. Acting as a corporation independent of the board of commissioners, the Metropolitan Commission is subject to the commissioners’ approval on m ajor acts.

Map shows area of Route 29 to be dualized under 6-year highway program; Interstate 95, to be 8 lanes between Baltimore and Washington Beltways by 1968; Interstate 70 between Route 40 and Baltimore Beltway across north end of Route 29. Reproduced from a copyrighted map by permission from the Md. State Roads Commission.

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Construction Underway in Areascheduled to be advertised in Feb.1966.

2. Addition of a 2nd lane to 1.5 miles of existing Route 29 from a point south of Md. 103 to a point south of Md. 108; also scheduled for February,

1966, advertising.3. Addition of a 2nd lane to 0.5 mile of

existing Route 29 from the Patuxent River toward Old Columbia Road; to be advertised after Jan. 1st, 1966.

Currently under construction under the SRC ’64-’66 phase are three contracts:1. Construction of 1.5 miles of Route

29, dual lane from I-70N to Md. 144, including 4 bridges and an

interchange at Routes 29 and 40, a $2,660,865 contract.

2. Widening of the 4-span bridge over the Patuxent River between Scaggsville

and Burtonsville, a $415,214 contract.

3. Construction of a bridge to carry Ridge Road over a ramp at the Ridge Road— Route 29— Route 40 interchange, a $72,617 contract.

The remainder of Route 29 dualization in Howard County is in the 1966-1968 phase of the SRC 6-year program with the exception of the section from Owen Brown Road south to Johns Hopkins

Road. This is presently planned to be in the 1968-1970 phase.

INTERSTATE PROGRAM

A 3.63-mile portion of I-70N in Howard County is currently under construction from the Baltimore County line west to St. John’s Lane, a $3,872,922 contract including an interchange which will carry I-70N under Route 29, and the construction of Route 29 southward to join SRC program construction.

1-95, a new divided expressway paralleling Route 29 to the east and linking Baltimore and Washington, is currently being designed as an 8-lane dual trafficway

in the Columbia area, and is expected to be completed in 1968.

Above: Pneumatic drills prepare rock for blasting near intersection of Routes 29 and 40 northwest of Ellicott City where Route 29 is being dualized. Upper & lower right: Two lanes are added to bridge over Patuxent River’s Rocky Gorge Reservoir on Route 29 between Burtonsville and Scaggsville.

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A NEW CITY FOR AMERICA

(Continued from Page I)

design, but also the infusion of a broad spectrum of study and information about what works well for people. It was not enough simply to be best architecturally or to excel in the normal context of development. Successful planning would be measured in results and in terms that people themselves have clearly expressed.

ANSWER TO GROWTH PRESSURES

By the end of the century, America must build anew the equivalent of every house and building, of every road, street and highway, of every school, church, store and shop that has been constructed since the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock. The pressures of population growth and the compression of time in which this monumental task must be done make imperative the need to learn from the past and to see the future with the optimism that far better solutions are before us and are possible.

The plan for Columbia thus includes much more than the obvious dwelling units, convenience shops and basic amenities

for its residents. Columbia will incorporate a complete range of almost 30,000 apartments and houses to meet the total demands of a city. It will be possible to rent a modestly priced garden apartment or a luxurious penthouse; to buy a detached single family home from any of a dozen or more builders on a wide selection of lots and in a variety of settings, including golf course and lakefront

locations; or even to select one’s own location and engage an architect and a custom builder.

Throughout Columbia, school sites for more than fifty elementary, junior high and high schools have already been set aside and appropriately zoned. The educational system which will unfold in Columbia, guided by the Howard County School Board, will enjoy the advantage of being able to provide a modern plant designed from the beginning to fit and complement the city. The need for school bussing is virtually eliminated, and the location of schools will permit their broad

and efficient use by the community for after hours, summer, recreational and adult programs.

By recognizing at the outset the eventual needs for open space and recreational

facilities, plans for Columbia reserve more than 3200 acres in their natural state and in the form of lakes, parks, golf courses, pathways, playing fields and riding trails. Rather than passively awaiting

the disappearance of open space, forests and stream valleys as so often occurs with inevitable growth, Columbia will have a degree of order, stability and recreational opportunities unmatched in any growth area of the country.

Similar advantages accrue in almost

Among the interesting features made possible by the new town concept is the separate bus route system now under study for Columbia. Small busses, similar to the one shown here, would travel their own routes, make frequent stops and operate on very low fares.

every element of the environment. In shopping and entertainment, libraries, health, communications, transportation, culture, safety, religious institutions, industrial and business development, Columbia offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation and refinement.

SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES

Even as construction begins, many organizations and institutions are already deeply involved in the unfolding of special opportunities in Columbia. A farsighted and comprehensive proposal by

the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company, incorporating communications techniques that until now have seemed years away, is under study. A church planning group representing virtually every active denomination in the state has been at work for nearly a year on innovative religious facilities for Columbia.

Special grants for the study of comprehensive library and elementary school systems have been awarded.

The Washington National Symphony Orchestra has selected Columbia as the site of its summer home and is planning a program of 30 concerts a summer to begin in 1967. A major program for a new system of health and medical facilities

is under study. In every phase of its execution, Columbia has stimulated enthusiastic involvement. The advantages of a bright new city in a remarkable location, the chance for business and industry, for institutions and services to evolve a broad range of new solutions and facilities in harmony with the environment is Columbia’s touchstone.

PLANS ADVANCING RAPIDLY

Following completion of the initial design and planning phases, Columbia applied for and was granted a new form of zoning and was designated a “New Town District” by the Commissioners of Howard County. This revolutionary ordinance assures the long range stability and achievement of balance so necessary to the new city and encourages the best possible development in every detail.

Since the granting of zoning in August, 1965, Columbia has completed arrangements

for financing (see page 1) and has advanced rapidly through the engineering and design processes necessary to service and prepare the land for development. As 1966 begins, 65 full-time professionals at CRD, and 31 outside firms are at work on the new city. Business,

industrial and institutional development is well underway, and with the

approach of construction, many more firms, builders and consultants will join in the building of America’s most remarkable

city.

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RIVER HILL IN SECOND SEASON

River Hill Farm, the game preserve operated by Howard Research & Development Corporation, and located on Route 32 near Clarksville, has begun its second season stocked with 2750 pheasant, 1000 quail and 1300 ducks.

The 450-acre River Hill tract is open to the public from October 1 to March31. It is easily reached from Baltimore and Washington by Route 29 to Route32, then west on 32.

The hunting facilities accommodate up to 4 groups at a time, 3 hunters to a group. In accordance with a detailed plan produced by the Wildlife Management

Institute, more than 200 feed and cover strips have been planted to provide 4 large hunting areas.

River Hill provides experienced guides and trained German shorthair pointers, English pointers, Brittany spaniels and and Labrador retrievers. G. Laurence Moore, a member of Howard County’s Agricultural Stabilization Committee, is preserve manager under John Shallcross, HRD's Director of Lands Management.

Present plans for Columbia include River Hill Farm’s continuation as a shooting preserve, part of the city’s recreation facilities.

For more information, a brochure and reservations, call John Shallcross at (301) 531-5133.

Top: Manager Larry Moore and assistant unload a shipment of ringnecks from Pennsylvania. Center: With his dog on the point, a River Hill hunter readies for a fast wing shot. Bottom: A pheasant rockets from cover as the hunter takes aim.

Neighbors in Business

NORMAN E. WINKLER 1 0174 PASTURE GATE LA N E

COLUMBIA, MD. 21044

W.R. Grace’s Washington Research Center, Clarksville, Md.

W. R. GRACE & COMPANYIn 1964, sales of Grace chemical

products reached a record high of more than $500 million and $14 million were allocated to research. Most of this allocation went to the company's Washington Research Center at Clarksville, Maryland, immediately adjacent to Columbia.

Some 450 men and women, both profession and support personnel, work at the Research Center. Among the

professionals are physical, organic, inorganic and analytical chemists, chemical engineers, physicists and mathematicians.

The major research areas reflect the diversity of Grace’s chemical manufacturing

activities. Included are the chemistry and physics of synthetic plastics and their applications, organic and inorganic chemistry,

rare earth chemicals, adhesives, catalysts, food and desiccant packaging,

vinyl finishes, agricultural chemicals, fine particle and life science technology.

A majority of the company’s major chemical operating units conduct research in their own product lines. It is one of the responsibilities of Central Research to support the efforts of the operating divisions. The second responsibility is the provision of a research base for the company’s entry into new fields.

Main Office and Laboratory, Hydronautics, Inc.

HYDRONAUTICS, INC.With its main offices and laboratory on Pindell School Road

about a mile south of Columbia, Hydronautics, Inc. employs 90 scientific and support people. The firm is devoted to research, consulting and advanced engineering in the fields of naval and industrial hydronautics. Applied research efforts include the design of deep submergence and air cushion vehicles, hydrofoils, wavemaking and frictional resistance, underwater acoustics, cavitation

damage, marine propeller design and testing, design of water tunnels and channels, and ship motion.

The company was incorporated in July, 1959, and moved to the Howard County facilities. Hydronautics, Inc. has branch offices in Rockville, Maryland, and Wageningen, The Netherlands.

LASS I (Lighter Than Air Submarine Simulator) is a 55-foot-Iong, 10-foot-diameter, 213-lb. blimp. Having maneuverability characteristics similar to those of a submerged vehicle, LASS I is intended to develop the design of a deep diving submarine to be used by the U.S. Navy for personnel rescue from damaged submarines. A critical phase of this Hydronautics, Inc. project involves the ability of the rescue vessel to attach itself to the hatch of the damaged submarine in the presence of underwater currents.

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