c5 updated)

8/6/2019 C5 Updated)

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UIT-VNUHCM 20091

PHT TRIN VN HNH BO

TR PHN MM

ThS. NGUYN TH THANH TRC

TRNG I HC CNG NGH THNG TINKHOA CNG NGH PHN MM


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UIT-VNUHCM 20092

Chng 5:KH NNG S DNG LI V KiM TH

5.1 TNH DNG LI V KH NNG DNG LI

5.2 KiM TH


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UIT-VNUHCM 20093

KH NNG S DNG LI V KiM TH 5.1 TNH DNG LI V KH NNG DNG LI

o Gii thiuo nh nghao Mc ch ca vic s dng lio Mc tiu v li ch ca vic dng lio Hng tip cn ca dng lio Phn tch phm vio Cngngh cu phn

o M hnh qui trnh dng lio Cc yu t tc ng ln vic s dng li

5.2 KiM THo Gii thiuo nh nghao Ti sao kim th phn mmo Cng vic ca ngi kim th phn mm

o Kim th g v nh th noo Phn loi kim tho Thm nh v nh gio K hoch kim th


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UIT-VNUHCM 20094

5.1 TNH DNG LI V KH NNG DNG LI

Gii thiu nh ngha

Mc ch ca vic s dng li

Mc tiu v li ch ca vic dng li

Hng tip cn ca dng li

Phn tch phm vi

Cngngh cu phn

M hnh qui trnh dng li Cc yu t tc ng ln vic s dng li


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UIT-VNUHCM 20095

Mc ch ca vic s dng li

To increase productivity: To increase quality:

To facilitate code transportation:

Reduction in maintenance time and effort:

To improve maintainability:


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UIT-VNUHCM 20096

Bi tp

Exercise 8.3Give reasons why it is important toreuse programs instead ofwriting them fromscratch.

Exercise 8.4What benefits can be derived from

reusing software?


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UIT-VNUHCM 20097

Approaches to Reuse

Composition-Based Reuseo Black-box reuse:

o White-box reuse:

Generation-Based Reuseo Application GeneratorSystems

o Transformation-Based Systems

o Evaluation ofthe Generator-Based Systems


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UIT-VNUHCM 20098

Phn tch phm vi

Horizontally reusable and vertically reusablecomponents


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UIT-VNUHCM 20099

Cng ngh c u ph n (Componentsengineering)

Design for Reuseo Characteristics of ReusableComponents

o Problems with Reuse Libraries

Reverse Engineering

Components-BasedProcesses


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UIT-VNUHCM 200910

Characteristics of Reusable Components

Generality: Cohesion versus coupling:

Interaction:

Uniformity and standardisation: Data and control abstractions:

Interoperability:


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UIT-VNUHCM 200911

Problems with Reuse Libraries

The granularity and size dilemma: The search problem:

The classification problem:

The specification and flexibility problems:


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Bi tp

Exercise 8.5 Compare and contrast the differentapproaches to reuse, giving examples ofsystemsthat can be obtained from each oftheseapproaches.


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UIT-VNUHCM 200913

M hnh qui trnh dng li

This is a result ofseveral factors [133]: Software reuse is not inherently top-down, as are some of

the lifecycle models (for example, the waterfall model).

In software reuse, the developeror maintainer takes a view

that ex

tends beyond single projects or systems. Reuse involves the exploitationofcommonality at many

levels ofabstraction besides that easily captured in code.

Reuse depends, to a large extent, on the ability to analysespecific domains inorder to extract maximally reusable

components. Structured methodologies designed for top-down life-cycle models, however, rarely provide specifictechniques to analyse domains.


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UIT-VNUHCM 200914

generic reuse model/Reusability Model

Cc bc ca m hnh dng li tm tt nh sau: Bc1: Bc ny gm hiu vn c gii quyt v sau nhn

din cu trc gii php da trn thnh phn c nh nghatrc.

Bc2: Cu trc ca gii php c cu hnh li ti u tnhdng li thit yu cho hin ti v giai on sau.

Bc3: Tc v chnh giai onny l chun bnhng thnhphn dng li ngnht trong cu trc gii php sn sng cho tchhp.

Bc4: Mc ch chnh ti giai onny l tch hp thnh phnhon chnh trong sn phm c yu cu chogiai on tip theo

ca chu trnh sng phn mm. Bc5: Trong bc ny, kinh nghim t nhng bc trc cdng nh gi kha cnh kh dng ca nhng thnh phn mcn c pht trin cho vn con m khng c thnh phn khdng tn ti


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UIT-VNUHCM 200915

M hnh qui trnh dng li


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UIT-VNUHCM 200916

Tnh dung ha m hnh qui trnh ReUse


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UIT-VNUHCM 200917

Cc yu t tc ng ln vic s dng li

Yu t k thuto Ngnng lp trnho RepresentationofInformationo Reuse Library

o Reuse-Maintenance ViciousC

ycle Yu t Non-Technical

o InitialCapital Outlayo Not Invented Here Factoro Commercial Interesto Educationo ProjectCo-ordinationo Legal Issues


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UIT-VNUHCM 200918

Bi tp

Exercise 8.6You havejustjoined a team ofsoftwareengineers in which you are the only one who has studiedand practised software reuse and reusability. The companyyou work for has no reuse programme although they arewilling to start one. You are asked to implement the reuse

programme.o What is the first step you would take?

o Outline the technical, managerial and organisational steps you

o would go through. What tactics do you need to employ in

orderfor the programme to succeed?o What difficulties do you anticipate and how would youovercome them?


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UIT-VNUHCM 200919

Bi tp

Exercise8.7 A mechanical engineering contractorhas been using a large and complex Fortransoftware system forover 12 years. There is nodocumentationfor the system and themaintenance programmers have moved to adifferent company. Inorder to take advantage ofstate-of-the-art parallel machines, the contractorwants the software to be reimplemented on aparallel platform.

o Briefly describe the techniques that will be needed toaccomplish the task.

o How would you go about performing thejob, bearing inmind the merits ofsoftware reuse?


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UIT-VNUHCM 200920

5.2 KiM TH

Gii thiu nh ngha

Ti sao kim th phn mm

Cng vic ca ngi kim th phn mm Kim th g v nh th no

Phn loi kim th

Thm nh v nh gi

K hoch kim th Cng c


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UIT-VNUHCM 200922

Ti sao phi kim tra phn mm?

Mc d c t ng ho mt phnbi cc cng c CASE, rt nhiucng on trong qu trnh sn xut

phn mm vn c thc hin bicon ngi

vn c kh nng xy ra li. Li c th xy ra trong tt c cc

giai on: phn tch yu cu, thitk, m ho

Do phi kim th chng trnhtrc khi chnh thc s dng


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UIT-VNUHCM 200923

Ti sao kim th li cn thit?Ti sao kim th li cn thit?

Nhm tng tin cy cng nh cht lng ca

phn mm.

Gim chi ph trong qu trnh pht trin, nng cp,

bo tr phn mm

V d:o Website cng ty c nhiu li chnh t tr ong cu ch Khch

hng c th lng trnh cng ty vi l do cng ty trng c v

khng chuyn nghip.

o Mt phn mm tnh ton lng thuc tr su dng cho cy

trng, v l do tnh sai s lng ln gp 10 ln Nng dn phi

b nhiu tin mua, cy tr ng h hi, mi trng sng, ngun

nc b nh hng,


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UIT-VNUHCM 200924

Li tng ln khi no?Li tng ln khi no?


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UIT-VNUHCM 20092525

Chi ph cho vic tm thy v sa li tng dn trongsut chu k sng ca phn mm. Li tm thy

cng sm th chi ph sa cng thp v ngc

li.

Li tng ln khi no?Li tng ln khi no?


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UIT-VNUHCM 200926

Cc nguyn l trong kim thPMCc nguyn l trong kim thPM

Lp trnh vin khng nn thc hin kim th trnphn mm m mnh vit

Cn phi kim tra cc chc nng m phn mm

khng thc hin Trnh vic kim th phn mm vi gi nh rng

s khng c li no c tm thy

Test case phi nh ngha kt qu u ra r rng Test case phi c lu tr v thc thi li mi khi

c s thay i xy ra tr ong h thng


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UIT-VNUHCM 200927

Cc nguyn l kim th phn mm

Vic kim th nn hng v yu cu ca khch hng Vn kim th nn c hoch nh trc mt thi

gian di.

p dng nguyn l Pareto (nguyn tc 80-20):o 80% li c nguynnhn t 20% cc module

o C lp v kim tra nhng module kh nghi nht.

Nn tin hnh t nh n ln: bt u t nhng modulering bit ri sau tch hp cc module li.

Khng th kim th trit mt phn mm.

Nn c thc hin bi nhng i tng KHNGtham gia vo qu trnh pht trin phn mm.


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UIT-VNUHCM 200928

Vai tr kim thVai tr kim th

Vai tr kim th tr ong sut quy trnh sng caphn mm

o Kim th khng tn ti c lp.

o Cc hot ng ca kim th lun gn lin vi cc hotng pht trin phn mm.

o Cc m hnh pht trin phn mm khc nhau cn cc

cch tip cn kim th khc nhau.


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UIT-VNUHCM 200929

Bi tp

Exercise 9.1Pick two software systems andconsider how you would go about designing testcases. Do the systems have formal specificationsthat you can use as a basis? Can you identify test

sets from which to extrapolate a whole series ofresults? Where are the boundary conditions?


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UIT-VNUHCM 200930

Cc mc kim th (Test levels)Cc mc kim th (Test levels)

Integration

Component

Acceptance

System


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UIT-VNUHCM 200931


Component testing (unit testing):o Tm li tr ong cc component ca phn mm nh:

modules, objects, classes,

o Do c kch thc nh nn vic t chc, kim tra, ghi

nhn v phn tch kt qu trn Unit test c th thc hin

d dng

o Tit kim thi gian, chi ph trong vic d tm v sa li

trong cc mc kim tra sau


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UIT-VNUHCM 200932


Integration testing:o Test s kt hp ca cc component, s tc ng ca

cc phn khc nhau trong mt h thng, s kt hp ca

cc h thng vi nhau,


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UIT-VNUHCM 200933


System testing:o m bo rng h thng (sau khi tch hp) tha mn tt

c cc yu cu ca ngi s dng

o Tp trung vo vic pht hin cc li xy ra trn ton h

thng

Acceptance testing:

o Test phn mm ng di gc ngi dng xc

nh phn mm c c chp nhn hay khng.


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UIT-VNUHCM 200934

Cc k thut kim thCc k thut kim th

Test tnh (Static Verification)o Thc hin kim chng m khng cn thc thi chng

trnh

o Kim tra tnh ng n ca cc ti liu c lin quan

c to ra trong qu trnh xy dng ng dng

o t c s nht qun v hiu r hn v h thng

o Gim thi gian lp trnh, thi gian v chi ph test,

Test ng (Dynamic Testing)o Thc hin kim th da trn vic thc thi chng trnh


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UIT-VNUHCM 200935

Dynamic TestingDynamic Testing -- Kim th ngKim th ng

Structure-based

ErrorGuessing

Dynamic

Control-flow

Data-flow ExploratoryTesting

Basis Path

Experience-based

Cause-EffectGraphing

Decision Tables

Boundary ValueAnalysis

Equivalence

Partitioning

Specification-based


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UIT-VNUHCM 200936

Cc phng php kim th (1)Cc phng php kim th (1)

Funtional Testing (Black Box Testing):

o Test da trn m t, chng ta xem xt phn mm vi

cc d liu u vo v u ra m khng cn bit cu

trc ca phn mm ra sao. Ngha l tester s tp trungvo nhng g m phn mm lm, khng cn bit phn

mm lm nh th no.

o u im:

Khng ph thuc vo vic thc hin phn mmVic pht trin test case c th din ra song song vi qu

trnh thc hin phn mm Rt ngn thi gian thc hin d

n


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UIT-VNUHCM 200937

Cc k thut kim th hp enCc k thut kim th hp en

K thut phn lp tng ng (Equivalence

Class Testing)

K thut da trn gi tr bin (Boundary Value

Testing) K thut da trn bng quyt nh (Decision

Table-Based Testing)

K thut da trn th nguyn nhn kt qu(causes-effects)


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UIT-VNUHCM 200938

Structural Testing (White Box Testing):o Test da trn cu trc cn c gi l white-box hay

glass-box bi v n i hi s hiu bit v cu trc ca

phn mm, ngha l phn mm hot ng nh th no.



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UIT-VNUHCM 200939

Cc k thut kim th hp trngCc k thut kim th hp trng

Basis Path Testing

Control-flow/Coverage Testing

Data-flow Testing


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UIT-VNUHCM 200940

Experience Testing (Test da trn kinh nghim)

o K thut ny i hi s hiu bit, k nng v kinh

nghim ca ngi test.

o Da vo nhng kinh nghim thu thp c t nhng hthng trc , tester c th d dng nhn thy c

nhng im sai trong chng trnh.



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UIT-VNUHCM 200941

Verification and Validation

is key in building systems that can be trusted. Verification: cc hnh ng m bo cho phn mm

c hin thc ng theo mt chc nng c th no Are we building the product right ?

Validation: cc hnh ng m bo cho phn mm cxy dng theo ng yu cu ca khch hng Are webuilding the right product ?

are to achieve better systems i.e. systems with improvedreliability, performance, quality and cost effectiveness

the creationofquality software systems [279], and aremore effective when performed independently ofthe teambuildingor maintaining the system


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UIT-VNUHCM 200942

TestPlans

The IEEE standard defines a test plan aso "A document describing the scope, approach, resources,and schedule of intended testing activities. It identifiestest items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks,who will do each task, and any risks requiring

contingency planning."[ANSI/IEEE Standard 829-1983 for Software Test

Documentation]

A test plan can either be a tool or a product [149ch.12]o Kaner advises that a test plan whose purpose is to act

as a tool is "valuable ...to the extent that it helps youmanage your testing project and find bugs. Beyond that,it is a diversion of resources"[149 p.205].


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UIT-VNUHCM 200943

TestPlans

Good test plans facilitate testing in many waysincluding:o providing lists ofuseful test cases identifying such things

as boundary conditions and classes oftest data. This

improves efficiency and means important test cases areless likely to be missed.

o providing informationon what the scale ofthejob is likelyto be and what resources will be needed.

o providing information to identify and prioritise tasks, thus

aidingorganisationofthe testing team and identifyingroles and responsibilities


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UIT-VNUHCM 200944

Bi tp

Exercise 9.2Write a test planfor a program (ofareasonable size -at least 100 LOC) that was not developedby you. Ifyou are undertaking a course that has involved asubstantive piece ofsoftware development, swap your codewith a fellow student and write test plans for each otherscode. The originators ofthe code should study the testplans produced for their code and discuss the strengthsand weaknesses. In particular, look for anythingunexpected that has come to light about your code.

Exercise9.3 Look at the following case study. List all theproblems that concern error messages. Consider howthese might have been avoided and formulate somegeneral rules that would prevent these problems occurringinother systems.

9.9 Case Study Therac 25 (c trong ebook chnh)


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UIT-VNUHCM 200945

Bi tp

Exercise 9

.4

Reports and analyses ofthe Therac-25incidents are easily obtainable. The case study given earlieris a briefsummary. It does not cover, for example the trueextent to which the users were key in unearthing theproblems, nor does it go into any depth on the issue ofreuse ofsoftware subroutines from the earlier versions of

the software. Other well-documented events are thecrackingofthe enigma codes in the 2nd world war [286]and the failure ofthe Ariane 5 spacecraft, flight 501 in 1996[8]. Choose one ofthe following to investigate in depth:o Concentratingon the users ofthe systems, compare the roles

played by the users ofthe enigma machines (code creators

and code breakers) with the role played by the users oftheTherac machines.o Compare the reuse ofsoftware subroutines, and the problems

this caused, in the Therac-25 machine andthe Ariane 5spacecraft.


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UIT-VNUHCM 200946

Cc cng c h tr kim thCc cng c h tr kim th

Cc cng c h tr qun l qu trnh kim th

Cc cng c h tr thc hin cc k thut kim

tho Cng c kim th hiu nng (Performance)

o Cng c kim th chc nng (Functional)

o Cng c kim th bo mt (Security)

o Cng c kim th n v (UnitTesting)

o

C h t lC h t l


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UIT-VNUHCM 200947

Cc cng c h tr qun lCc cng c h tr qun lquy trnh kim th phn mm (1)quy trnh kim th phn mm (1)

Cc i tng cn qun l ca 1 cng c kim th PMo Projecto Usero User Roleo Requirement

o Release: Phin bn ca project.o Test Plan: K hoch test.o Test types: Cc loi test.o Test cases: Cc trng hp testo Teststep: Cc bc thc hin cho mi test case

o Result: Kt qu thc thi test.o Bug: Lio Reports: Cc thng bo v tnh trng ca tin trnh: Tnh

trng li, tin trin ca cng vic: o Cc ti liu hng dn s dng chng trnh (Help)

C h t lC h t l


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UIT-VNUHCM 200948

Cc chc nng cn phi co Qun l project.

o Qun l User.

o Phn quyn User.

o Qun l requirement theo phin bn.

o Qun l release.o Qun l cc thnh phn ca release: build, component,..

o Qun l testplan.

o Qun l testcase.

o Cp nht kt qu cho test case.o Cp nht tnh trng li.

o Thng k li cho mi release hoc mi thnh phn carelease.

o T ng cp nht kt qu kim th


Cc cng c h tr qun lCc cng c h tr qun l


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UIT-VNUHCM 200949


No Name Desc REq Download

1 TestLink Apache, MySQL, PHP 48797

2 Fitnesse Mac, Wnidows, POSIX 24475

3 QATraqWindows, BSD, Linux,SunOS/Solaris

21992

4Bugzilla Test

RunnerBugzilla2.16.3 orabove 17291

5 rth

All32-bit MS Windows(95/98/NT/2000/XP),All POSIX(Linux/BSD/UNIX-like OSes),IBM AIX

9563

6 TestMaster Linux,Apache, PostgreSQL 6728

7 TCW Any (PHP/SQL/Apache) 4488

8 Tesly OS Independent 3327

9 qaProjectManager Platform Independent 3133

10 Testitool Apache, PHP, MySQL 701

www.

opensourcetestingtools.

org


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UIT-VNUHCM 200950

Cng c kim th hiu nngCng c kim th hiu nng

L mt dng kim tra t ng nhm tm ra nhng im tht

c chai ca phn mm, gip cho ngi pht trin c nhngthay i thch hp tng kh nng thc thi, tc x l caphn mm

Gip ngi kim tra xc nh c nhng thng s ngng

ca phn mm, ra tiu chun cho nhng ln kim tra sau Thng c p dng i vi cc PM c trin khai trnmi trng nhiu ngi dng ( v d :ng dng web )

Kt qu mong i ca vic kim th hiu nng phi cnh ngha mt cch r rng

V d:o S kt ni (session) ng thi m server c th phc v

o Thi gian (bao nhiu pht/giy) m trnh duyt nhn c ktqu t server .


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UIT-VNUHCM 200951

Cng c kim th hiu nngCng c kim th hiu nng

No Name Requirements Download

1 OpenSTA Windows 2000, NT4and XP 251965

2 Grinder OS Independent 156458

3 TPTEST MacOS/Carbon and Win32 108036

4Database Opensource

Test SuiteLinux, POSIX 103484

5 Sipp Linux/Unix/Win32-Cygwin 102111

6 WebLOAD32-bit MS Windows (NT/2000/XP),Linux, Windows Server2003

39401

7 OpenWebLoad Linux, DOS 31204

8 Hammerhead2 - WebTesting Tool

Hammerheadhas been used withLinux, Solaris and FreeBSD.

24814

9 Dieseltest Windows 14618

10 DBMonster OS Independent 13710

www.opensourcetestingtools.org


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UIT-VNUHCM 200952

Cc cng c h tr kim th n vCc cng c h tr kim th n v

C rt nhiu cng c kim th n v c vit bng nhiungn ng khc nhauo ADA

o C++

o HTML

o Java

o .NET

o Pert

o PHP

o SQLo XML

o Ruby

o


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UIT-VNUHCM 200953



1 JUnit OS Independent 2151874

2 FindbugsJRE(orJDK) 1.4.0 orlater

379779

3 PMD JDK 1.3 orhigher 344688

4 Checkstyle OS Independent 2167805 EclEmma Eclipse 209153

6 Dbunit JUnit 129300

7StrutsTestCase forJUnitv1.9.5

OS Independent 106860

8 Emma Java 594359 MockObjects OS independent 55457

10 JUnitEE JUnit 54618www.opensourcetestingtools.org


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UIT-VNUHCM 200954



1 NUnit Windows NT/2000 1061875

2 NUnitAsp Windows NT/2000 72724

3NUnitAddin forVisual Studio.NET

Windows 58588

4 NUnitForms Windows NT/2000 46880

5 csUnitcsUnithas been testedusingthe Microsoft.NET framework 1.0 Service Pack 2runtimeon an Intel-compatibleplatform.

31483

6 NCover All32-bit MS Windows (95/98/NT/2000/XP) 14264

7 VSNUnit All32-bit MS Windows (95/98/NT/2000/XP) 8763

8 dotUnit All32-bit MS Windows (95/98/NT/2000/XP) 6230

9 .NETUnitOS Independent(Written in an interpretedlanguage)

5558

10 ASPUnitMicrosoft Internet Information Server5.0 or5.1

5197

www.opensourcetestingtools.org


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UIT-VNUHCM 200956

Cc cng c kim th thng miCc cng c kim th thng mi

ToolVendor Name oftesting suite orcompanion tools

TestPartnerCompuware QACenterEnterpriseEdition+

QuickTestProfessional

Mercury Quality Center

e-TesterEmpirix e-TEST suite

Functional TesterIBM RationalTest Manager, Manual Tester,

Performance Tester

WebFTRadView TestView Suite

SilkTestSegue SilkCentral, SilkPerformer

QA WizardSeapine TestTrack Pro


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UIT-VNUHCM 200957

Cc cng c kim th thng miCc cng c kim th thng mi

Technicalusers Nontechnicalusers

Technicaland nontechnicalusers

MercuryQuickTest Pro

CompuwareTestPartner

Empirix e-Tester

Seapine QA Wizard

IBM RationalFunctional Tester

Segue SilkTest

RadView WebFT


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UIT-VNUHCM 200958

Ti liu tham khoTi liu tham kho

Software Testing, A Craftsmans Approach, Paul C.Jorgensen

Practical Software Testing, EleneBurnstein

Slides: Software Testing ISEB Foundation Certificate Course

Slides: Software Testing, Dr. Balla Katalin

Slide: Equivalence Class Testing, Prof. Schlingloff & Dr. MRoggenbach

Slide: Decision Table Based Testing, Neelam Gupta, The

University ofArizona Tucson, Arizona, USA

Object Oriented Testing, Ali Kamandi, Sharif University of

Technology


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Yu cu thc hin tun tip theo

Vit li cc bo co cho cc tho lun trn lp v ccbi tp

c thm cc ti liu cung cp ReUse-1.ppt & ReUse-2.ppt

c thm ti liu v kim th Tip tc chun b cng vic chonhm

Mi nhm t chun b tm hiu v th nghim mttrong cc cng c h tr qui trnh bo tr hng dn

s dng v demo trc lp

c5 updated)

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