cab absracts - subject headinsg & · web viewadditional file 2: the scoping strategy used...

Additional File 2: The Scoping Strategy used for Bibliographic Databases

The scoping search strategies for the bibliographic databases are presented with the most recent searches of Cab Abstracts first, followed by Scopus and the initial searches of Web of Knowledge last.

3. Cab Abstracts

Dates: Searches were conducted between 06-01-14 and 17-01-14

Resources: Cab Abstracts Archive 1910 – 1972Cab Abstracts 1972 -1989Cab Abstracts 1990 – 2013

Search Strategy: Relevant CABICODES* were selected to conduct searches for documents (listed below). Searches were tested primarily with EECABICODES as a larger number of these codes were identified as relevant to the search strategy (Table 5). The search terms were also applied to chosen UU, KK, CC, PP, LL, and MM CABICODES. Search terms were selected using the Cab Abstracts Thesaurus, and were chosen according to whether they act as subject headings* in the Cab Abstracts Database. Search terms were selected that were both relevant to the subject area & broad, in order to capture a wide range of documents. In order to broaden the search results, variations of the search terms were also used to search document titles.

The scoping search was conducted using facilities at the British Library, but due to export limitations, the final search was conducted and exported from the Oxford Bodleian Library. This affected the final search results, with a total number of search results at 12,436 when searching at the British Library, and 12,389 when searching at the Oxford Bodleian Library. Such a small discrepancy is likely due to reassignment and updates on the CAB Abstracts database between the period of conducting the scoping search at the British Library (17-01-14) and exporting the search from the Oxford Bodleian Library (22-01-14).

*CABICODES – are the CAB classification, which allow the database user to search the CAB using letters and numerics. Each CAB classification refers to an area of interest e.g. EE CABICODE refer to documents that are in the subject area of economics.

*Subject Headings act as a descriptor index in Cab Abstracts. They are assigned to every document in the Cab Abstracts database and describe the document’s subject field.

CABI Codes Used:CC100 Education and Training; CC200 Extension and Advisory Work; CC300 Information and Documentation; CC310 Documentation (Discontinued March 2000); CC400 Collections; CC700 Professions: Practice and Service; CC720 Veterinary Profession (Discontinued March 2000); CC760 Farming as a Profession (Discontinued March 2000); and CC780 Horticulture, Recreation and Amenity Professions (Discontinued March 2000).

EE000 Economics (General) (New June 2002); EE100 Economics (General) (Discontinued June 2002); EE110 Agricultural Economics; EE111 Horticultural Economics (New March 2000); EE112 Forestry Economics (New March 2000); EE113 Aquacultural and Fisheries Economics (New March 2000); EE115 Natural Resource Economics (New March 2000); EE116 Food Economics (New March 2000); EE119 Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Economics (New March 2000); EE120 Policy and Planning; EE125 Aid (New March 2000); EE150 Environmental Economics (Discontinued March 2000); EE160 Land Use and Valuation (Discontinued March 2000); EE165 Structure, Ownership and Tenure; EE200 Farming Systems and Management (Discontinued March 2000); EE300 Cooperatives (Discontinued March 2000); EE350 Rural Industry and Enterprises; EE450 Development Aid, Agencies and Projects (Discontinued March 2000); EE700 Marketing and Distribution; EE800 Investment, Finance and Credit; EE900 Labour and Employment; and EE950 Income and Poverty.

KK100 Forests and Forest Trees (Biology and Ecology); KK110 Silviculture and Forest Management; KK120 Forest Mensuration and Management (Discontinued March 2000); KK540 Non-wood Forest Products; and KK600 Agroforestry and Multipurpose Trees; Community, Farm and Social Forestry

LL010 Apiculture; LL020 Sericulture; LL030 Other Invertebrate Culture (Not Aquaculture); LL075 Sport Animals (New March 2000); LL110 Dairy Animals; LL150 Animal Husbandry (Other Products) (Discontinued March 2000); LL180 Animal Husbandry and Production (New March 2000)

MM000 Aquatic Sciences (General); MM110 Fisheries; MM120 Aquaculture (Animals); MM130 Aquaculture (Plants); MM300 Aquatic Biology and Ecology

PP000 Natural Resources (General); PP100 Energy; PP200 Water Resources; PP300 Land Resources; PP320 Wetlands; PP350 Grasslands and Rangelands; PP400 Erosion; Soil and Water Conservation; PP600 Pollution and Degradation; PP700 Biological Resources (General); PP710 Biological Resources (Animal); PP720 Biological Resources (Plant)

UU000 Social Sciences (General); UU450 Community Participation and Development (New March 2000); UU460 Community Development (Discontinued March 2000); UU470 Participation and Self Help (Discontinued March 2000); UU480 Social Structure (Discontinued March 2000); UU485 Social Psychology and Social Anthropology (New March 2000); UU490 Social Psychology and Culture (Discontinued March 2000); UU500 Women; UU700 Tourism and Travel; UU800 Rural Sociology (New March 2000); UU850 Rural Development (New March 2000)

Field tags: cc. = CABICODES sh. = subject headingsid. = identifiers ti. = title

Table 5. Scoping Strategy used on the OvidSP Platform to search CAB Abstracts

Final Strings

Total search results: 12,436

String1:(EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.OR (CC100 OR CC200 OR CC300 OR CC310 OR CC400 OR CC700 OR CC760 OR CC780).cc.OR (KK100 OR KK110 OR KK120 OR KK400 OR KK540 OR KK600).cc.OR(LL010 OR LL020 OR LL030 OR LL075 OR LL110 OR LL150 OR LL180).cc.OR (MM000 OR MM110 OR MM120 OR MM130 OR MM300).cc.OR(PP000 OR PP100 OR PP200 OR PP300 OR PP350 OR PP400 OR PP600 OR P700 OR PP710 OR PP720).cc.OR (UU000 OR UU450 OR UU460 OR UU470 OR UU480 OR UU485 OR UU490 OR UU500 OR UU700 OR UU800 OR UU850).cc.

AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects OR development agencies OR social impact).sh.OR (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR beekeeping OR cooperatives OR cultivation OR domestication OR harvesting OR livestock farming OR resource utilization OR tourism).sh.OR (livelihoods OR poverty alleviation).id.AND(conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR wildlife management OR community forestry OR social forestry).sh.

String 2:(EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.OR (CC100 OR CC200 OR CC300 OR CC310 OR CC400 OR CC700 OR CC760 OR CC780).cc.OR (KK100 OR KK110 OR KK120 OR KK400 OR KK540 OR KK600).cc.OR(LL010 OR LL020 OR LL030 OR LL075 OR LL110 OR LL150 OR LL180).cc.OR (MM000 OR MM110 OR MM120 OR MM130 OR MM300).cc.OR(PP000 OR PP100 OR PP200 OR PP300 OR PP350 OR PP400 OR PP600 OR P700 OR PP710 OR PP720).cc.OR (UU000 OR UU450 OR UU460 OR UU470 OR UU480 OR UU485 OR UU490 OR UU500 OR UU700 OR UU800 OR UU850).cc.AND

(community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plan* OR developmentpolic* OR development program* OR development project* OR pilot project* OR development aid OR development agenc* OR social impact).ti.OR (credit OR incentive* OR employment opportunities OR enterprise* OR ecotourism OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR beekeep* OR cooperative* OR cultivation OR domestication OR harvest* OR livestock farm*OR resource utilization OR tourism OR agro forestry OR bee keeping OR diversif* OR eco tourism OR resource utilisation).ti.OR (livelihoods OR poverty alleviation OR poverty reduction).ti.AND(national park* OR wildlife park* OR marine park* OR protected species OR resource management OR wildlife management OR community forest* OR social forestry OR reserve OR conservation NOT soil conservation).ti.

Topic Results Refine

Topic 1 a) 571,036

b) 80,715

c) 2,894

d) 3,237

e) 3,535

f) 7,913

g) 6,765

a) (EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE119 OR EE120 OR EE125 OR EE160 OR EE165 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE700 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.

b) Add:AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR regional development OR rural development OR social participation).sh.

c) Add:AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR on-farm conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation).sh.

d) Amend:AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR on-farm conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species).sh.

e) Amend:AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR

empowerment OR regional development OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR intervention OR pilot projects OR development aid).sh.

f) Amend:AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR on-farm conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR environmental legislation OR environmental policy OR environmental protection OR resource management OR wildlife management).sh.

g) Amend:AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR intervention OR pilot projects OR development aid).sh.

AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR on-farm conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR environmental legislation OR environmental policy OR environmental protection OR resource management OR wildlife management).sh.

* regional development = where relevant search results are produced, other subject headings are present.*intervention = low number of search results & not relevant.* on-farm conservation = low number of search results & not relevant.* environmental legislation =focused on law, where there are relevant search results other subject headings are present.* environmental protection = crowds the search results with irrelevant themes such as environmental quality. Where there are relevant search results other subject headings are present.

Topic 2 a) 571,036

b) 14,782

a) (EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.

c) 1,481

d) 1,114

e) 2,783

f) 5,499

g) 5,945

b) Add:(compensation OR credit OR incentives OR subsidies).sh

c) Add:AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR on-farm conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR environmental legislation OR environmental policy OR environmental protection OR resource management OR wildlife management).sh.

d) Amend:AND (compensation OR credit OR incentives OR subsidies OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises).sh.

e) Amend:AND (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact).sh.

f) Amend:AND (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR animal production OR beekeeping OR cooperatives OR cultivation OR domestication OR game farming OR harvesting OR improvement grants OR livestock farming OR loans OR mollusc culture OR resource utilization).sh.

g) Amend:AND (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR animal production OR beekeeping OR cooperatives OR cultivation OR domestication OR game farming OR harvesting OR improvement grants OR livestock farming OR loans OR mollusc culture OR resource utilization OR tourism).sh.

* compensation= narrow subject heading, these search results are captured through searching for (incentives).sh.* subsides = low number of search results, and not relevant.* game farming = low number of search results & where search results relevant other subject

headings are present.* improvement grants= no search results.* loans = no search results.* mollusc culture = no search results.

Topic 3 a) 571,036

b) 8,754

c) 1,122

d) 1,121


b) Add:AND (livelihoods OR poverty alleviation OR poverty reduction).id.

c) Add:AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR environmental policy OR resource management OR wildlife management).sh.

d) Amend:AND (livelihoods OR poverty alleviation OR poverty reduction).id.

*poverty reduction = produces few & irrelevant search results.

Topic 3 a) 11,758

b)903

c)5,644

d)777

e)1,459

f)13,778

g) 10,198

a) Combine topics 1g OR 2g OR 3c

(EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.

AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects OR development aid).sh.

OR (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR beekeeping OR cooperatives OR cultivation OR domestication OR harvesting OR

livestock farming OR resource utilization OR tourism).sh.

OR (livelihoods OR poverty alleviation).id.

AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR environmental policy OR resource management OR wildlife management).sh.

b) Amend CABICODES to:(CC100 OR CC200 OR CC300 OR CC310 OR CC400 OR CC700 OR CC760 OR CC780)

c) Amend CABICODES to:(KK100 OR KK110 OR KK120 OR KK400 OR KK540 OR KK600)

d) Amend CABICODES to:(LL010 OR LL020 OR LL030 OR LL075 OR LL110 OR LL150 OR LL180)

e) Amend CABICODES to:(MM000 OR MM110 OR MM120 OR MM130 OR MM300)

f) Amend CABICODES to:(PP000 OR PP100 OR PP200 OR PP300 OR PP350 OR PP400 OR PP600 OR P700 OR PP710 OR PP720)

g) Amend CABICODES to:(UU000 OR UU450 OR UU460 OR UU470 OR UU480 OR UU485 OR UU490 OR UU500 OR UU700 OR UU800 OR UU850)

Topic 4 a)12,244

b)11,704

a) (Take learning from scoping in topic 3):(EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.

AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects

OR development aid OR development agencies).sh.

OR (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR beekeeping OR cooperatives OR cultivation OR domestication OR harvesting OR livestock farming OR resource utilization OR tourism).sh.


AND (conservation OR conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR environmental policy OR resource management OR wildlife management OR social forestry OR community forestry OR protection forests OR forestry development).sh.

b)Amend:AND (conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR environmental policy OR resource management OR wildlife management OR social forestry OR community forestry OR protection forests OR forestry development).sh.

* conservation = crowds the search results with documents on agrarian reform and soil conservation. Where there are relevant documents other subject headings are present such as conservation areas OR nature conservation.* protection forests = produces few search results & where there are relevant search results other subject headings are present. * forestry development) = search results are focused on themes of economic development, & where there are relevant search results other subject headings are present.

Topic 5 a) 6,245

b) 1,142

a) (Take learning from scoping in topic 3 & 4. Highlighted terms produce a large number of search results, & researcher uncertain about the relevance):(EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.

AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR

empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects OR development aid OR development agencies).sh.



AND (environmental policy OR resource management)

b) Amend:(EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.

AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects OR development aid OR development agencies).sh.


AND (environmental policy OR resource management)

AND (case studies OR evaluation OR projects).sh.

Note: remove move (environmental policy OR resource management).sh.

* environmental policy = search results focus broadly on environmental planning, management and policy, & cover many themes such as food security, conflict & climate change. Where there are relevant search results other subject headings are present.

* resource management = search results focus broadly on natural resources management & cover many themes such as food security, resilience and tenure. Where there are relevant search results other subject headings are present.

Topic 6 a)11,242 a) (EE000 OR EE100 OR EE110 OR EE111 OR EE112 OR EE113 OR EE115 OR EE116 OR EE199 OR EE120 OR EE160 OR EE200 OR EE300 OR EE350 OR EE450 OR EE900 OR EE950).cc.

OR (CC100 OR CC200 OR CC300 OR CC310 OR CC400 OR CC700 OR CC760 OR CC780).cc.

OR (KK100 OR KK110 OR KK120 OR KK400 OR KK540 OR KK600).cc.

OR(LL010 OR LL020 OR LL030 OR LL075 OR LL110 OR LL150 OR LL180).cc.

OR (MM000 OR MM110 OR MM120 OR MM130 OR MM300).cc.

OR(PP000 OR PP100 OR PP200 OR PP300 OR PP350 OR PP400 OR PP600 OR P700 OR PP710 OR PP720).cc.

OR (UU000 OR UU450 OR UU460 OR UU470 OR UU480 OR UU485 OR UU490 OR UU500 OR UU700 OR UU800 OR UU850).cc.

AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects OR development aid OR development agencies OR social impact).sh.



AND (conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource

conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR wildlife management OR community forestry OR social forestry).sh.

Topic 7 a) 365

b) 1,833

c)2,279


OR (CC100 OR CC200 OR CC300 OR CC310 OR CC400 OR CC700 OR CC760 OR CC780).cc.

OR (KK100 OR KK110 OR KK120 OR KK400 OR KK540 OR KK600).cc.

OR(LL010 OR LL020 OR LL030 OR LL075 OR LL110 OR LL150 OR LL180).cc.

OR (MM000 OR MM110 OR MM120 OR MM130 OR MM300).cc.

OR(PP000 OR PP100 OR PP200 OR PP300 OR PP350 OR PP400 OR PP600 OR P700 OR PP710 OR PP720).cc.

OR (UU000 OR UU450 OR UU460 OR UU470 OR UU480 OR UU485 OR UU490 OR UU500 OR UU700 OR UU800 OR UU850).cc.

AND (community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects OR development agencies OR social impact).ti.

OR (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR beekeeping OR cooperatives OR cultivation OR domestication OR harvesting OR livestock farming OR resource utilization OR tourism).ti.

OR (livelihoods OR poverty alleviation OR poverty reduction).ti.

AND (conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource

conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR wildlife management OR community forestry OR social forestry).ti.

b) Amend:(community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plans OR development policy OR development programmes OR development projects OR pilot projects OR development aid OR development agencies OR social impact OR development program).ti.

OR (credit OR incentives OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprises OR ecotourism OR nature tourism orsustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR beekeeping OR cooperatives OR cultivation OR domestication OR harvesting OR livestock farming OR resource utilization OR tourism OR agro forestry OR bee keeping OR diversif* OR eco tourism OR resource utilisation).ti.


AND (conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national parks OR wildlife parks OR marine parks OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR resource management OR wildlife management OR community forestry OR social forestry OR reserve OR conservation).ti.

c) Amend:(community development OR community involvement OR economic development OR empowerment OR rural development OR social participation OR development plan* OR developmentpolic* OR development program* OR development project* OR pilot project* OR development aid OR development agenc* OR social impact).ti.

OR (credit OR incentive* OR diversification OR employment opportunities OR enterprise* OR ecotourism OR nature tourism OR sustainable tourism OR tourism impact OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR beekeep* OR cooperative* OR cultivation OR domestication OR harvest* OR livestock farm*OR resource utilization OR tourism OR agro forestry OR bee keeping OR diversif* OR eco tourism OR resource utilisation).ti.


AND (conservation areas OR nature conservation OR wildlife conservation OR resource conservation OR national park* OR wildlife park* OR marine park* OR nature reserves OR reserved areas OR protected species OR resource management OR wildlife management OR community forest* OR social forestry OR reserve conservation NOT soil conservation).ti.

4. Scopus

Date: 29/11/13 – 03/12/13

Resources: Scopus 1960 -2014

Search Strategy: Table 6 details the scoping strategy used in Scopus. Search terms included synonyms of alternative livelihoods, examples of specific types of alternative livelihood interventions (beekeeping OR cane rat farming), and terms related to biodiversity conservation. Search terms focus on the population and intervention elements that construct the research question. Further terms were added to the table in an iterative process, as searches were conducted and more terms were identified from the literature. Additionally, search terms were also identified during a brainstorming exercise at a review team meeting held on the 26 th November 2013.

The scoping search used the appropriate advanced search features including inverted brackets {} to search phrases, proximity searches (W/n), and wildcard searches (*). Searches were conducted across document titles, abstracts and keywords (TITLE-ABS-KEY). The scoping strategy included 12 subject areas and excluded18 irrelevant subject areas (listed below).

Final search results from the two strings totaled 13,431 search results for the first string and 6,244 for the second string. Further refinements will be made to this strategy after learning from the title and abstract screening of the broad scoping search of Cab Abstracts.

Subject areas:

INCLUDE: Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Arts and Humanities; Earth and Planetary Sciences; Economics, Econometrics and Finance; Energy; Environmental Science; Multidisciplinary Life Sciences; Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences; Multidisciplinary Social Sciences; Psychology; Social Sciences; and Veterinary.

EXCLUDE: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular; Business, Management and Accounting; Chemical Engineering; Chemistry; Computer Science; Decision Sciences; Dentistry; Engineering; Health Professions; Immunology and Microbiology; Material Science; Mathematics; Medicine; Multidisciplinary Health Sciences; Neuroscience; Nursing; Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics; and Physics and Astronomy.

Table 6. Scoping Strategy used in Scopus

Final String 1

Total search results: 13, 431TITLE-ABS-KEY(alternative W/50 livelihood OR enterprise OR gear OR income OR job OR occupation OR opportunit* OR resource OR skill OR indigenous OR sustainable) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(alternative W/3 protein OR resource) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY({alternative product}) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(resource W/50 diversif* OR substitut* OR supplement*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(income W/50 diversif* OR substitut* OR supplement*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(livelihood W/50 additional OR complement* OR assess OR approach OR benefit OR choice OR development* OR diversif* OR enhanc* OR intervention OR improv* OR loan OR need OR opportunit* OR option OR project OR program* OR replac* OR review OR scheme OR shift OR strateg* OR substiut* OR support OR switch* OR sustainable OR supplement*) OR TITLE-ABS-KEY({community development} OR {conservation and development} OR {development project} OR "development program" OR ecodevelopment OR {eco development} OR {income generation} OR {household income} OR {poverty alleviation} OR {poverty reduction} OR {rural development}) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY(conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource

management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park}))

Final Search String 2

Total search results: 6,244TITLE-ABS-KEY({fish pond} OR "oyster harvest*" OR "sea cucumber farm" OR "sea cucumber harvest*" OR "seaweed farm*" OR "seaweed harvest*" OR "shell collect*" OR "shell harvest*" OR "shrimp farm*" OR "snail farm*" OR "snail rear*" OR "sport fish*") ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY(conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park}))) OR((TITLE-ABS-KEY ("bamboo collect*" OR "bamboo harvest" OR guard OR patrol OR "non wood forest product*" OR "non timber forest product*" OR "off forest activit*" OR "rattan collect*" OR "rattan harvest" OR replant OR ranger) ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY (conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park}))) OR((TITLE-ABS-KEY({bee keeping} OR {beekeeping} OR "butterfly farm*" OR {caterpillar} OR {cocoa} OR {coffee} OR {mushroom} OR {non farm employment} OR {nonfarm employment} OR {non farm income} OR {nonfarm income} OR {off farm employment} OR {off farm income} OR silk) ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY (conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem

management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park}))) OR((TITLE-ABS-KEY (entrepreneur OR {market development} OR microfinance OR {micro finance} OR {revolving fund}) ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY (conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park}))) OR((TITLE-ABS-KEY (grasscutter OR {grasscutter}"wildlife farm*") OR TITLE-ABS-KEY(wildlife W/50 enterprise) ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY (conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park}))) OR((TITLE-ABS-KEY (handicraft OR "safari hunt*" OR "soap prod*" OR "tour guid*" OR "trophy hunt*") ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY (conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park}))) OR((TITLE-ABS-KEY (agriculture OR agroforestry OR bushmeat OR {bush meat} OR coop* OR craft OR diversif* OR *tourism OR enterprise OR

farm OR fish OR mariculture OR recycle OR substitut*) ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY (livelihood) ANDTITLE-ABS-KEY(conserv* OR biodiver* OR abundance OR flora OR fauna OR {fish population} OR {fish stock} OR {endangered species} OR {indigenous species} OR {threatened species} OR {environmental services} OR {ecosystem good} OR {ecosystem services} OR {natural capital} OR {natural resources} OR {ecosystem restoration} OR {habitat restoration} OR {coastal management} OR {ecosystem management} OR {forest management} OR {habitat management} OR {land management} OR {management measure} OR {resource management} OR {sustainable management} OR {wildlife management} OR {buffer zone} OR {environmental protection} OR {forest reserve} OR {marine park} OR {marine reserve} OR {national park} OR {nature reserve} OR {no take zone} OR {protected area} OR {protected forest} OR {protected species} OR {reserve area} OR {wildlife park})))

Topic Results Refine

1aAND biodivers* OR conser*

1a) Scopus: 3,099

1b) Scopus: 634

1a) alternative W/50 livelihood OR activit* OR employment OR enterprise OR food OR gear OR income OR job

1b) Amend:Remove alternative W/50 activity OR employment OR food (irrelevant – those relevant have other key terms present)


2a) Scopus: 13,930

2b) Scopus: 9,124

2c) Scopus: 2,309

2a) alternative W/50 method OR occupation OR opportunit* OR option OR product OR protein OR resource OR skill

2b) Amend:Remove option and method – irrelevant search results.

2c) Amend:Remove product and use as a phrase “alternative product” rather then with proximity searches. Run alternative W/3 protein OR resource to reduce noise.

3aAND biodivers* OR

3a)Scopus: 5,006 3a) alternative W/50 source OR strateg* OR wage OR indigenous OR sustainable

3b) Amend:

conser* 3b) Scopus: 1,560 Remove source, strategy* and wage4aANDbiodivers* OR conser*

4a) Scopus: 1,388 4a) resource W/50 diversif* OR subsititut* OR supplement*

5aANDbiodivers* OR conser*

5a) Scopus: 304 5a) income W/50 diversif* OR substitut* OR supplement*


6a) Scopus: 1,499 6a) livelihood W/50 additional OR complement* OR assess* OR approach OR benefit OR choice OR develop* OR diversif*


7a) Scopus: 1,265 7a) livelihood W/50 enhanc* OR intervention OR improv* OR loan OR need OR opportunit* OR option OR project OR program*


8a) Scopus: 1,195 8a) livelihood W/50 OR replac* OR review OR scheme OR shift OR strateg* OR substi* OR support OR switch* OR sustainable OR supplement*

9aANDbiodivers* OR conserve*

9a)Scopus: 1,530

9b) Scopus: 1,380

9c)Scopus: 2, 411

9d) Scopus: 3,950

9e) Scopus: 3, 950

9a) benefit sharing OR community development OR conservation and development

9b) Amend:Remove benefit sharing as irrelevant hits.

9c) Add:development project OR development program OR ecodevelopment OR income generation

9d) Add:household income OR poverty alleviat* OR poverty reduc* OR rural development OR threat allev*

9e)Amend:

Remove threat alleviation – no hits10)Combine: 1b OR 2c OR 3b OR 4a OR 5a OR 56a OR 7a OR 8a

10a)Scopus: 12,206

10b) Scopus:7,852

10a) Alternative W/50 livelihood OR enterprise OR gear OR income OR job OR occupation OR opportunit* OR resource OR skill OR indigenous OR sustainableORAlternative W/3 protein OR resource OR Alternative productORResource W/50 diversif* OR substi* OR supplement* OR Income W/50diversif* OR substi* OR supplement*ORLivelihood W/50 additional OR complement* OR assess* OR approach OR benefit OR choice OR develop* OR diversif* OR enhanc* OR intervention OR improve* OR loan OR need OR opportunit* OR option OR project OR program* OR replacement OR review OR scheme OR shift OR strateg* OR substitute* OR support OR switch OR sustain OR supplementORCommunity development OR conservation and development OR development project OR development program* OR ecodevelopment OR eco development OR income generation OR household income OR poverty alleviation OR poverty reduction OR rural development ANDBiodiver* OR conserv*

10b) Exclude irrelevant subject areas.11) 1b OR 2c OR 3b OR 4a OR 5a OR 56a OR 7a OR 8aANDBiodiver* OR conserve* OR 11a

11a) Scopus: 8,725

11b) Scopus: 8,635

11c) Scopus: 8,767

11d) Scopus: 8,704

11e) Scopus: 10,498

11f) Scopus: 10,538

(subject exclusions already applied)

11a) abundance OR flora OR fauna OR fish population OR fish stock OR species richness

11b) Amend:Remove species richness as irrelevant ecology based hits.

11c) Add:endangered species OR endemic species OR indigenous species OR native species OR threatened species

11g) Scopus: 12, 577

11h) Scopus: 13, 431

11d) Amend:Remove endemic species, native species – few & irrelevant search results – ecology based.

11e) Add:environmental services OR ecosystem goods OR ecosystem services OR natural capital OR natural resources

11f) Add: ecosystem restoration OR habitat restoration

11g) Add: coastal management OR ecosystem management OR forest management OR habitat management OR land management OR management measure OR resource management OR sustainable management OR wildlife management

11h) Add:buffer zone OR environmental protection OR forest reserve OR marine park OR marine reserve OR national park OR nature reserve OR no take zone OR protected area OR protected forest OR protected species OR reserve area OR wildlife park

12) 1b OR 2c OR 3b OR 4a OR 5a OR 56a OR 7a OR 8aAND11h

12a)5

12b) 529

12c) 1,175

12d) 1,433

12e) 1,416

(subject exclusions already applied)

12a) Add: bamboo collect* OR bamboo harvest* OR forest guard OR forest patrol OR gum collect* OR gum harvest*

12b) Amend:Modify forest guard and forest patrol to guard and patrol to capture broader range of search results. Remove gum collect* OR gum harvest* as produced only 1 irrelevant search result.

12c) Add:non wood forest product OR non timber forest product* OR off forest activit* OR rattan collect* OR rattan harvest*

12d) Add:replant OR tree nurseries OR thatch collect OR thatch mak* OR ranger

12e) Amend:Remove: tree nurseries OR thatch collect OR thatch harvest as produce 0 OR irrelevant search results.

13aAND11h

13a) 141

13b) 149

13c)853

13a) Add:aquaponics OR boat build* OR boat repair* OR crab fatten* OR engine repair* OR fish aggregating device OR fish coop* OR fish gear OR fish pond OR lobster fatten

13b) Amend:Remove aquaponics, boat build*, boat repair*, crab fatten* OR engine repair* OR fish aggregating device, fish coop, fish gear, lobster fatten as produced few (OR none) and irrelevant search results. Add: macroalgae culture OR oyster farm* OR oyster collect* OR oyster harvest* OR rice fish culture

13c) Amend:Remove macro algaeculture, oyster farm*, oyster collect*, rice fish cultureAdd:Sea cucumber farm* OR sea cucumber harvest* OR seaweed farm* OR seaweed harvest* OR shell collect* OR shell harvest* OR shrimp farm* OR shrimp nurser* OR snail farm* OR snail rear* OR sport fish*

14aAND11h

14a) Scopus: 129

14b) Scopus: 439

14c) Scopus: 767

14d) Scopus: 1,700

14e) Scopus: 1,980

14f) Scopus: 1,912

14a) Add:agroprocess* OR agro process OR bee keeping OR beekeeping OR butterfly farm* OR gari process* OR caterpillar utilization OR caterpillar utilization OR cassava W/50 farm

14b) Amend:Remove agroprocess* OR agro process OR gari process* OR cassava w/50 farm as produced few and irrelevant search results.Modify: caterpillar, remove utils/zation

14c) Add:cocoa farm* OR coffee farm* OR crop diversfi* OR domestication OR duck farm* OR flower famr* OR guinea pig rear* OR guinea pig farm OR home garden OR kitchen garden OR peri urban garden OR periurban garden OR market garden OR mushroom farm*

14d) Amend:Remove crop diversif* OR duck farm* OR flower farm* OR guinea pig rear* OR guinea pig farm OR home garden OR kitchen garden OR peri urban garden OR periurban garden OR market garden as produced irrelevant search results.Modify: cocoa, coffee and mushroom – remove farm from the phrase.

14e) Add:non farm employment OR nonfarm employment OR non farm income OR nonfarm income OR off farm employment OR off farm income OR palm wine OR palm oil OR piggery OR poultry farm OR silk farm*

14f) Amend:Remove palm wine OR palm oil OR piggery OR poultry farm as produces little and irrelevant search results.Modify silk – remove farm from the phraseAdd:non farm activit* OR nonfarm activit*

15aAND11h

15a) Scopus: 727

15b) Scopus: 478

15c) Scopus: 519

15d) Scopus: 506

15e) Scopus: 528

15a) Add:capital investment OR entrepreneur OR market development OR market integration

15b) Amend:Remove capital investment OR market integration as these phrases produce irrelevant search results.

15c) Add:micro credit OR microcredit OR micro finance OR microfinance OR physical investment OR small business development

15d) Amend:Remove micro credit OR microcredit OR physical investment OR small business development as these terms produced irrelevant search results.

15e) Add:revolving fund

16aAND11h

16a)Scopus: 280

16b)Scopus: 84

16c) Scopus: 637

16d) Scopus: 214

16a) Add:basket mak* OR carpentry OR carver OR cloth mak* OR dye prod* OR ecoguide OR eco guide OR handicraft OR mat weav* OR pottery

16b) Amend:Remove basket mak* OR carpentry OR carver OR cloth mak* OR dye prod* OR ecoguide OR eco guide OR mat weav* OR pottery

16c) Add: safari hunt* OR soap mak* OR soap prod* OR tour guid* OR trophy hunt* OR weaver

16d) Amend:Remove soap mak* OR weaver

17aAND17h

17a) Scopus: 443

17b) Scopus: 75

17c) Scopus: 62

17a) Add: bike vend* OR brick mak* canrator concrete block mak* OR food process* OR food vend* OR

17b) Amend:Remove bike vend* OR brick mak* OR concrete block mak* OR food process* OR food vend*Add:cane rat OR canerat OR grass cutter OR grasscutter OR game rear* OR game farm* OR wildlife based enterprise OR wildlife farm OR wild meat rear* OR wild meat farm*

17c) Amend:Remove grass cutter OR grasscutter OR game rear* OR game farm* OR wild meat rear* OR wild meat farm*Modify wildlife W/50 enterprise

18aANDLivelihoodAND18h

18a) Scopus: 1,032

18b) Scopus: 1,238

18c) Scopus: 1379

18d) Scopus: 1,503

18a) Add:Agriculture OR agroforestry OR aquaculture OR bushmeat OR bush meat OR cooperative OR craft OR diversification OR ecotourism OR enterprise

18b) Amend:Modify cooperative to coop*, diversification to diversif* and ecotourism to *tourism

18c) Add:Farm OR fish farm OR horticulture OR pelagic fish OR horticulture OR mariculture OR

recycle OR substitution

18d) Amend:Modify fish farm and pelagic fish to fish, and substitution to substitut*Remove: horticulture

19)Combine the above topics

19a) Scopus: 6,244 19a) 12e OR 13fc OR 14f OR 15e OR 16d OR 17c OR 18d

5. Web of Knowledge (Science)

Date: Searches were run between24/09/2013 - 17/10/2013

Resources: Web of Knowledge (Science)

Search Strategy: Table 7 details the initial scoping strategy used in Web of Knowledge (Science). Search terms included synonyms of alternative livelihoods, examples of specific types of alternative livelihood interventions (beekeeping OR cane rat farming), and terms related to biodiversity conservation. Search terms cover the population, intervention and outcome elements that construct the research question. Further terms were added to the table in an iterative process, as searches were conducted and more terms were identified from the literature.

The scoping search used the appropriate advanced search features including speech marks“” to search phrases and wildcard searches (*). Searches were conducted across document titles, abstracts, author keywords and Keyword Plus (TS). The scoping strategy included 42 subject areas (listed below).

Final search results from the four strings totaled 12,64 search results for the first string, 574 for the second string, 558 for the third string, and 1,184 for the forth string. Further refinements will be made to this strategy after learning from the title and abstract screening of the broad scoping search of Cab Abstracts.

Subject areas:INCLUDED: Agricultural Economics and Policy; Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agriculture Interdisciplinary; Agronomy

Anthropology; Asian Studies; Biodiversity Conservation; Behavioral Sciences; Communication; Cultural Studies; Demography; Ecology; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Ethics; Ethnic Studies; Fisheries; Forestry; Geography; Geography, Physical; Geology; History of Social Sciences; Horticulture; Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Oceanography; Public Administration; Social Issues; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Soil Science; Urban Studies; Veterinary Sciences; Water Resources; Women's Studies; and Zoology

EXCLUDED:Acoustics; Agriculture Engineering; Allergy; Anatomy & Morphology; Andrology; Anesthesiology; Archeology; Architecture; Area Studies; Art; Astronomy & astrophysics; Automation & Control Systems; Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Business; Business Finance; Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems ; Cell & Tissue Engineering ; Cell Biology; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry Medicinal; Chemistry Multidisciplinary; Chemistry Organic; Chemistry Physical; Classics; Clinical Neurology; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybermetics; Computer Science, Hardward & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Construction & Building Technology; Criminology & Penology; Critical Care Medicine; Crystallography; Dance; Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Dermatology; Developmental Biology; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Education, Special; Electrochemistry; Emergency Medicine; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Mechanical; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Petroleum; Entomology; Ergonomics; Evolutionary Biology; Family Studies; Film, Radio, Television; Folklore; Food Science & Technology; Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Genetics & Heredity; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Hematology; History; History & Philosophy of Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Immunology; Industrial Relations & Labour; Infectious Diseases; Information Science & Library Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Language & Linguistics; Law; Limnology; Linguistics; Literary Reviews; Literary Theory & Criticism; Literature; Literature, African, Australian, Canadian; Literature, American; Literature, British Isles; Literature, German, Dutch, Scandinavian; Literature, Romance; Literature, Slavic; Management; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics; Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics; Medical Ethics; Medical Informatics; Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Legal; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Medieval & Renaissance Studies; Metallurgy & Metallurgical ; Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Microbiology; Microscopy; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing; Music; Mycology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Neurosciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Nursing; Nutrition & Dietetics; Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Oncology; Operations Research & Management Science; Ophthalmology. Optics; Ornithology; Orthopedics; Otorhinolaryngology; Palaeontology; Parasitology; Pathology; Pediatrics; Peripheral Vascular Disease; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Philosophy; Physics,

Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physiology; Planning & Development; Plant Sciences; Poetry; Political Science; Polymer Science; Primary Health Care; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychology, Applied; Psychology, Biological; Psychology, Clinical; Psychology, Developmental; Psychology, Educational; Psychology, Experimental; Psychology, Mathematical; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Psychology, Psychoanalysis; Psychology, Social; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Rehabilitation; Religion; Remote Sensing; Reproductive Biology; Respiratory System; Rheumatology; Robotics; Social Sciences, Biomedical; Social; Work; Sociology; Spectroscopy; Sport Sciences; Statistics & Probability; Substance Abuse; Surgery; Telecommunications; Theatre; Thermodynamics; Toxicology; Transplantation; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology; Tropical Medicine; Urology & Nephrology; Virology

Table 7. Scoping Strategy in Web of Knowledge (Science)

Final String 1

Total search results: 1,264TS=("alternative livelihood*" OR "alternative activi*" OR "alternative occupation" OR "alternative employment" OR "alternative job*" OR "alternative enterprise*" OR "alternative income*" OR "alternative option*" OR "alternative source*" OR "alternative economic opportunit*" OR "alternative resource*" OR "sustainable livelihood*" OR "sustainable alternative*" OR "income-generating activit*" OR "income generating activit*" OR "income substitut*" OR "supplement income" OR "resource substitut*" OR "livelihood alternative*" OR "alternative product*" OR "eco-development project" OR "eco development project" OR "AIG" OR "AIGs" OR "IGA" OR "IGAs" OR "livelihood* support*" OR "livelihood* diversif *" OR "livelihood* shift*" OR "livelihood* based approach*" OR "livelihood strateg*" OR "livelihood* benefit*" OR "livelihood* choice*" OR "livelihood* enhanc*" OR "livelihood* need*" OR "livelihood* develop*" OR "livelihood* interven*" OR "livelihood activit*") AND TS=(conserv* OR biodiver* OR "protected area*" OR abundance OR amphibian OR bird OR boreal OR "buffer zone" OR "buffer-zone" OR bushmeat OR "coastal resource*" OR "coral reef*" OR desert OR dryland OR ecosystem OR “environmental services" OR estuarine OR fauna OR flora OR fish OR forest OR game OR grassland OR habitat OR insect OR "integrated conservation and development" OR “ICDP*” OR invertebrates OR mangroves OR mammal OR "marine reserve" OR "marine park" OR montane OR "national park" OR “resource manag*” OR savanna OR seagrass OR “wildlife manag*” OR watershed OR wetlands OR woodlands OR riverine OR "river delta" OR taiga OR taxa OR temperate OR terrestrial OR vegetation)

Final String 2

Total search results: 574TS=("alternative livelihood*" OR "alternative activi*" OR "alternative occupation" OR "alternative employment" OR "alternative job*" OR "alternative enterprise*" OR "alternative income*" OR "alternative option*" OR "alternative source*" OR "alternative economic opportunit*" OR "alternative resource*" OR "sustainable livelihood*" OR "sustainable alternative*" OR "income-generating activit*" OR "income generating activit*" OR "income substitut*" OR "supplement income" OR "resource substitut*" OR "livelihood alternative*" OR "alternative product*" OR "eco-development project" OR "eco development project" OR "AIG" OR "AIGs" OR "IGA" OR "IGAs" OR "livelihood* support*" OR "livelihood* diversif *" OR "livelihood* shift*" OR "livelihood* based approach*" OR "livelihood strateg*" OR "livelihood* benefit*" OR "livelihood* choice*" OR "livelihood* enhanc*" OR "livelihood* need*" OR "livelihood* develop*" OR "livelihood* interven*" OR "livelihood* review*" OR "livelihood* assess*" OR "livelihood activit*") ANDTS=("exploit*" OR "threat*" OR "deforest*" OR "degrade*" OR driver OR "*harvest*" OR "*hunt*" OR kill OR "overfish*" OR "poach*" OR "unsustainable")

Final String 3

Total search results: 558TS=("alternative livelihood*" OR "alternative activi*" OR "alternative occupation" OR "alternative employment" OR "alternative job*" OR "alternative enterprise*" OR "alternative income*" OR "alternative option*" OR "alternative source*" OR "alternative economic opportunit*" OR "alternative resource*" OR "sustainable livelihood*" OR "sustainable alternative*" OR "income-generating activit*" OR "income generating activit*" OR "income substitut*" OR "supplement income" OR "resource substitut*" OR "livelihood alternative*" OR "alternative product*" OR "eco-development project" OR "eco development project" OR "AIG" OR "AIGs" OR "IGA" OR "IGAs" OR "livelihood* support*" OR "livelihood* diversif *" OR "livelihood* shift*" OR "livelihood* based approach*" OR "livelihood strateg*" OR "livelihood* benefit*" OR "livelihood* choice*" OR "livelihood* enhanc*" OR "livelihood* need*" OR "livelihood* develop*" OR "livelihood* interven*" OR "livelihood* review*" OR "livelihood* assess*" OR "livelihood activit*")

cab absracts - subject headinsg & · web viewadditional file 2: the scoping strategy used...

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