Caesar’s English II Lesson XI

GRAT (PLEASING) GRATIFICATION, INGRATIATE, GRATUITOUS

• GRAT means pleasing. • Gratification is when you are

pleased; to ingratiate yourself with someone means trying to please him and win him over; and a gratuitous assumption is unfounded; it is one that might please you, but it has no good reason or evidence, so it is pleasing, but probably false!

• Spanish…gratificación

curr (run) current, recur, incur

• CURR means run.

• A current runs in a stream; something recurs when it happens again, like a rerun; and to incur costs means to run into them!

• Spanish…incurrir

trans (across) transfer, transfusion, transcendent

• TRANS means across. • To transfer means to

move things across from here to there; a transfusion moves blood across from a person or bottle to another person; and transcendent things are superior--they cross beyond anything previously done.

• Spanish…transcendente

migr (wander) migrate, migratory, transmigration

• MIGR means wander.

• To migrate is to wander or move to a new place; migratory birds fly south for the winter, as though they were wandering through the skies; and the transmigration of souls is the idea that souls wander to a new being at death!

• Spanish…transmigración

rupt (break) abrupt, corrupt, disrupt

• RUPT means break.

• An abrupt change is a sharp break in an event; a corrupt official has broken morals; and to disrupt an event is to break it up!

• Spanish…abrupto

Advanced Word: GratuitousThe adjective gratuitous means

unfounded or unmerited. It might be pleasing to you, but it is not necessary or based on evidence. In Thomas Hardy’s 1886 novel The Mayor of Casterbridge, he wrote that “A gratuitous ordeal was in store for her in the matter of her handwriting.” Henry David Thoreau used gratuitous in his 1854 Walden, to say that we should care for our neighbor: “We should feed and clothe him gratuitously sometimes.”

Caesar’s English II Lesson XI

Stem meaning Example

GRAT PLEASING gratitudeCURR RUN currentTRANS ACROSS transferMIGR WANDER migrateRUPT BREAK interrupt

Toady : Ingratiate ::

a. current : event

b. corrupt : crime

c. transfuse : blood

d. bird : migrate

Toady : Ingratiate ::

a. current : event

b. corrupt : crime

c. transfuse : blood

d. bird : migrate

Transfer : Goods ::

a. hunger : gratify

b. corrupt : money

c. transfuse : blood

d. costs : incur

Transfer : Goods ::

a. hunger : gratify

b. corrupt : money

c. transfuse : blood

d. costs : incur

Find the best opposite.

INCUR

a. avoid

b. recur

c. current

d. transfer

INCUR

a. avoid

b. recur

c. current

d. transfer

GRATUITOUS

a. transcendent

b. justified

c. corrupt

d. disrupted

GRATUITOUS

a. transcendent

b. justified

c. corrupt

d. disrupted

Caesar believed that his military abilities were ___________.

a. ambuscaded

b. current

c. transcendent

d. disrupted

Caesar believed that his military abilities were ___________.

a. ambuscaded

b. current

c. transcendent

d. disrupted

The senators believed that Caesar’s decision was merely __________.

a. recurring

b. omniscient

c. migratory

d. gratuitous

The senators believed that Caesar’s decision was merely __________.

a. recurring

b. omniscient

c. migratory

d. gratuitous

Barbarian uprisings ____________ in Gaul throughout the decade.

a. recurred

b. transfused

c. transmigrated

d. reiterated

Barbarian uprisings ____________ in Gaul throughout the decade.

a. recurred

b. transfused

c. transmigrated

d. reiterated

The Grammar of Vocabulary: gratuitous, an adjective.

Cicero delivered a diatribe of gratuitous insults.

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Caesar’s Classic Words Challenge

From Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield

This was entirely a __________ assumption.

a. recurrent

b. corrupt

c. gratuitous

d. transcendent

From Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield

This was entirely a __________ assumption.

a. recurrent

b. corrupt

c. gratuitous

d. transcendent

From James Hilton’s Lost Horizon

Shangri-La was interesting enough to _________ these attitudes.

a. disruptb. incurc. transmigrated. transcend

From James Hilton’s Lost Horizon

Shangri-La was interesting enough to _________ these attitudes.

a. disruptb. incurc. transmigrated. transcend

From Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim

He kept on trying to __________ himself with all.

a. ingratiateb. transferc. disruptd. migrate

From Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim

He kept on trying to __________ himself with all.

a. ingratiateb. transferc. disruptd. migrate