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SocietyofApplied Sciences

Response of Summer White Mushroom ( ) toSupplementation of Cultivation Substrate

Calocybe indica

B. K. PaniDepartment of Plant Pathology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Orissa, India

INTRODUCTIONThe nutrient composition of substrate is one of the factors limiting the saprobiotic colonization of cultivatedmushrooms [1]. The growth of microorganisms as well as quantitative and qualitative yield of the desired productdepends on the utilization of nutrients and physiochemical environment in the medium [2]. Nutritionalsupplementation of cultivation substrate is an important cultural practice of mushroom cultivation [3]. They usuallychange the decomposition rate and the sequence of decomposition of substrate components [4].Paddy straw is themost commonly used substrate for growing summer white mushroom/milky mushroom( ) in India.Though it is considered as self sufficient growing medium for mushroom cultivation, the substrate still responds

positively to the external supply of nutrients. Keeping this in view, the substrate was supplemented with differentmaterialsto study their effecton thesporophore production of

Cultivation of in high density polythene bags (60 cm X 40 cm) with layer spawning was followed as per standard procedure [5].Various supplements tried were rice and wheat bran, sawdust, coir pith, bengal gram powder,

boiled wheat and maize grains.All the supplements except the grains and bengal gram were soaked in water overnightand air died. Apparently healthy and bold cereal grains were boiled till became soft. Bengal gram seeds were crushed

and made into rough powder form. The supplements were added at the time of spawning the substrate. Two hundredgrams of each material was used in each of the four layers in equal quantities. Substrates without any supplementserved as control. Three replications were maintained for each treatment. Matured fruiting bodies were harvestedfrom two flushes and observations regarding the number and weight of sporophores were recorded. Biologicalefficiency was calculated as a ratio between the fresh weight of harvested mushrooms and the dry weight of substrate

per bag and was expressedas a per cent. Data pertainingto yield were analyzed statistically.

Addition of supplements to the cultivation substrate showed varied effects on the sporophore production. There was

Calocybe indica

C. indica.

C. indicaMATERIALSAND METHODS

RESULTSAND DISCUSSION

ASIAN J. EXP. BIOL. SCI. VOL 2(4) 2011:766-768

SHORT COMMUNICATION

ABSTRACT

Key Words:

Rice and wheat bran, sawdust, coir pith, bengal gram powder, boiled wheat and maize grains were used as supplements in paddy straw substrate to study their effect on the sporophore production of summer white mushroom, Calocybe indica. Maximumyield (718.6 g, 71.8 % BE)was recorded in responseto boiled wheat grain supplementationfollowedby wheat bran(685.3 g, 68.5 % BE) and rice bran (674.6 g, 67.4 % BE) vis-a- vis control (560.0 g, 56 % BE). Bengal gram powder (571.3 g,57.1 % BE) andboiledmaizegrains (601.3g, 60.1 % BE) induced only marginal increasein mushroomyield. There wasyield reduction when coir pith (496.0g, 49.6 % BE) andsaw dust (501.3g, 50.1 % BE) were used assupplements.

Calocybe indica, supplement, mushroom, sporophore, yield

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significant increase in mushroom yield over control when boiledwheat grains, rice bran andwheat bran were used asadditives in the paddy straw substrate. Maximum sporophore yield (718.6 g, 71.8 % BE) was recorded in response towheat grain (boiled) supplementation followed by wheat bran (685.3 g, 68.5 % BE) and rice bran (674.6 g, 67.4 %BE). All these supplements also favoured quickest mycelial impregnation (15 days) of substrate as well as earliest

primordial initiation (30 days) with average of 5 to 6 fruiting bodies. Similar observations were also recorded in caseof oyster mushroom [6,7].The physiochemical properties of wheat grains might have favoured the spread of mycelia

from the applied spawn bits increasing the net inoculums in the cultivation substrate. Royse et al [8] reported thatgrains are widely used in United States as substrate supplements for commercial cultivation of mushrooms. Tandonand Sharma [9] have reported wheat bran supplementation of substrate for improved sporophore yield of .Supplementation of substrate prior to spawning with wheat bran [10-12] and rice bran [13-15] has been reported toenhance theyieldof ediblemushrooms. Thestimulatoryeffectof wheat bran might have been dueto thecarbohydrate,amino acids and mineral elements present in wheat bran [16]. When bengal gram powder and boiled maize grainswere used as supplements, there were only marginal increase in mushroom production which were not statisticallysignificant. Although bengal gram powder as supplement to paddy straw was found to increase the yield of paddystraw mushroom by several workers [17-19], it did not have much effect to improve the yield of The

biological efficiency of the fungus was reduced by the addition of saw dust and coir pith to the cultivation substrate.This might have been due to the carbon to nitrogen imbalance in saw dust [20]. The higher lignin content and poor

physical make up might have retarded the performance of these two additives.

Guidance, institutional support and laboratory facilities rendered by ProfessorS.R. Das, former Head, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar andProfessor H.K. Patra, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar during the period of investigationare highly acknowledged.

[1].

C. indica

C. indica.

Table 1: Effect of supplements on the production of Calocybe indica

CD(0.05) 99.3Eachobservation was theaverage of threereplications fromthree croppingseasons.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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Calocybe indica Science and Culture

Environ.and Ecol

Supplements Substratecolonization(days)

Fruitinginitiation(days)

Sporophore no. Avg. wt. of sporophore(g)

Yield(g)

BE(%)

Rice bran 15 30 5 134.9 674.6 67.4

Wheat bran 15 30 5 137.0 685.3 68.5

Sawdust 17 34 4 125.3 501.3 50.1

Coir pith 17 33 4 124.0 496.0 49.6

Bengal gram powder 16 33 4 142.8 571.3 57.1Wheat grain (boiled) 15 30 6 119.7 718.6 71.8

Maize grain (boiled) 16 32 5 120.2 601.3 60.1Control 16 34 4 140.0 560.0 56.0

Response of Summer White Mushroom ( ) to Supplementation of Cultivation Substrate .....................................................B. K. PaniCalocybe indica

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Calocybe indica Musroom Research,

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Correspondence to Author : B.K.Pani, Department of Plant Pathology, Orissa University of Agriculture andTechnology,Bhubaneswar-751 003, Orissa, India . E-mail: dr.bkp1965@indiatimes.com

Response of Summer White Mushroom ( ) to Supplementation of Cultivation Substrate .....................................................B. K. PaniCalocybe indica

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