caltrans guide trb04-4484 s719
DESCRIPTION
ROAD WORK ON COMPACTIONTRANSCRIPT
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Guide to the Investigation and Remediation of Distress inFlexible Pavements
Presentation for:2004 Annual Meeting of theTransportation Research Board
Based on Study Funded by:California Dept. of Transportation
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Authors
Mike Cook, P.E. (Caltrans)Steve Seeds, P.E. (APTech)Haiping Zhou, P.E., PhD. (MACTEC)Gary Hicks, P.E., PhD. (MACTEC)
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Why did we need this?
Caltrans• 12 autonomous districts• Has lost a lot of experience• Staff amenable to new technology
Some practices have become outdatedNeed for standardized approaches that address typical flexible pavement problems
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Purpose of Presentation
Identify documentationReview basic processHighlight featuresShare information
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Documentation
Office Manual• Detailed reference• Limited productionField Manual• Assumes familiarity with
Office Manual• Contains all primary tools• Assists field personnel
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Overview of Guide
IntroductionTypes of Flexible Pavements• Hot-Mix Asphalt• Surface Treatments• Composite (HMA over PCCP)
Factors Affecting Pavement Distress and Performance
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EnvironmentEnvironment
Traffic
Pavement Performance
PavementMaterials
SubgradeSoil
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Overview of Guide
IntroductionTypes of Flexible PavementsFactors Affecting Pavement Distress and PerformanceTypes of Pavement Distress and Their Mechanisms
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Pavement Distress Types
Typical distress types for both HMA pavements and surface treatments• HMA
♦Cracking, Deformation, Deterioration, Mat problems
• Surface Treatments♦Seal Coats, Slurry Seals/Microsurfacing
Distresses are consistent with Caltrans Condition Survey Procedure
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Distress Types Covered
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Pavement Distress Mechanisms
√√Stripping
√√Reflection Cracking
√√Top Down Cracking
√√Thermal Cracking
√Fatigue Cracking
√Rutting
Mtls.Moist.Temp.
Wheel LoadDistress Type
Climate
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Example Illustration of Distress Mechanism (Rutting)
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Overview of Guide
IntroductionTypes of Flexible PavementsFactors Affecting Pavement Distress and PerformanceTypes of Pavement Distress and Their MechanismsInvestigation of Distress
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Main Objective of Process:
Identify and address the cause of the problem, not just the symptom.
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Flowchart of ProcessOverall Problem
Possible Investigation Requirements
RecordsReview
FieldDistressSurvey
StructuralEvaluation
FieldSampling
andTesting
LabTesting
Data Analysis
Probable Cause(s)
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Typical Distresses and Possible CausesD
istre
ss C
ateg
ory
Distress Type
Low
-Stre
ngth
or L
ow-S
tabi
lity
Mix
Poo
r Mix
Gra
datio
n
Low
Asp
halt
Con
tent
Hig
h As
phal
t Con
tent
Low
Air
Void
Con
tent
Hig
h Ai
r Voi
d C
onte
nt
Impr
oper
Fin
es C
onte
nt T
ende
r Mix
Seg
rega
ted
Mix
Poo
r Sur
face
Pre
para
tion
Exc
ess/
Insu
ffici
ent P
rime/
Tack
Impr
oper
Cra
ck S
ealin
g Te
chni
ques
Impr
oper
Com
pact
ion
Tech
niqu
es
Exc
ess
Moi
stur
e in
Mix
Low
HM
A Th
ickn
ess
Low
Bas
e/Su
bbas
e Th
ickn
ess
Poo
r Sub
grad
e C
ompa
ctio
n
Poo
r Bas
e/Su
bbas
e C
ompa
ctio
n
Poo
r Bas
e/Su
bbas
e G
rada
tion
Hig
h As
phal
t Bin
der V
isco
sity
Low
Asp
halt
Bin
der V
isco
sity
Tem
p. S
usce
ptib
le A
spha
lt Bi
nder
Rap
id A
ging
Asp
halt
Bin
der
Moi
stur
e Se
nsiti
ve M
ix
Poo
r Agg
rega
te D
urab
ility
Poo
r Agg
rega
te S
ound
ness
Poo
r Agg
rega
te C
lean
ness
Hig
h Ex
posu
re to
Moi
stur
e
Coo
l/Col
d Pr
evai
ling
Tem
pera
ture
s
Hot
Pre
vailin
g Te
mpe
ratu
res
Fre
eze-
Thaw
Cyc
ling
Lar
ge D
aily
Tem
pera
ture
Cyc
les
Hig
h Tr
affic
Vol
ume
Hig
h ES
AL T
ruck
Vol
ume
Exp
osur
e to
Stu
dded
Tire
s/C
hain
s In
adeq
uate
Pav
emen
t Stru
ctur
e
Poo
r Mat
eria
l Sel
ectio
n
Poo
r Dra
inag
e
Nar
row
or N
on-E
xist
ent S
houl
der
Nar
row
Lan
e W
idth
Exc
essi
ve H
oriz
onta
l Geo
met
ry
Longitudinal ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○Fatigue ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○
Transverse ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○Reflective ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○
Block ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○Edge ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ●
Rutting ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○Corrugation ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ○
Shoving ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ○Depression ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○
Overlay Bumps ● ● ●Delamination ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○
Potholes ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○Patching ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○Raveling ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○Stripping ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ●
Polished Aggr ○ ● ○ ● ● ○Pumping ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○
Segregation ● ● ● ○Checking ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Bleeding ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○
Legend: ● Common cause of distress ○ Occasional cause of distress
Overall Problem Possible Causes of DistressStructural GeometricConstruction Materials Climate Traffic Design
Mat
P
robl
ems
Mix Design Design
Cra
ckin
gD
efor
mat
ion
Det
erio
ratio
n
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Typical Distresses and Possible Causes
Low
-Str
engt
h or
Low
-Sta
bilit
y M
ix
Poo
r Mix
Gra
datio
n
Low
Asp
halt
Con
tent
Hig
h A
spha
lt C
onte
nt
Low
Air
Void
Con
tent
Hig
h A
ir Vo
id C
onte
nt
Impr
oper
Fin
es C
onte
nt
Ten
der M
ix
Seg
rega
ted
Mix
Longitudinal ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○Fatigue ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○
Transverse ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Reflective ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Block ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Edge ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
● Common cause of distress ○ Occasional cause of distress
Construction
Distress Type
Dis
tress
Cat
egor
yMix Design
Cra
ckin
g
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Possible Data Review/RequirementsLaboratory Testing (General Material Characteristics)
Des
ign
Rep
orts
Pla
ns a
nd S
peci
ficat
ions
QC
/QA
Rec
ords
As-
Built
Dra
win
gs
Lab
Mat
eria
l Tes
t Res
ults
Pas
t Sur
veys
/ND
T/Sa
mpl
ing
Res
ults
Mai
nten
ance
/Rep
air H
isto
ries
Tra
ffic
Dat
a
Env
ironm
enta
l/Clim
ate
Rec
ords
PM
S R
epor
ts
Win
dshi
eld
Surv
ey
Det
aile
d D
istre
ss S
urve
y
Non
dest
ruct
ive
Test
ing
Eva
luat
ion
of N
DT
Uni
form
ity
Stru
ct. C
apac
ity E
val.
(Cal
trans
)
Stru
ct. C
apac
ity E
val.
(Bac
kcal
c.)
Cor
ing
Aug
er B
ase,
Sub
base
and
/or S
ubgr
ade
She
lby
(Pus
h) T
ube
Tes
t Pit
(Tre
nch)
Dyn
amic
Con
e/St
anda
rd P
enet
rom
eter
Soi
l Cla
ssifi
catio
n
Gra
datio
n
Moi
stur
e C
onte
nt
Den
sity
Den
sity
Asp
halt
Con
tent
Air
Void
Con
tent
Asp
halt
Bind
er V
isco
sity
Asp
halt
Tem
pera
ture
Sus
cept
ibilit
y
Agg
rega
te G
rada
tion
Coa
rse
Aggr
egat
e Ab
rasi
on
Agg
rega
te D
urab
ility
Agg
rega
te S
ound
ness
Moi
stur
e Se
nsiti
vity
R-V
alue
(Unb
ound
Mat
eria
ls)
Ind
irect
Ten
sile
(Bou
nd M
ater
ials
)
Res
ilient
Mod
ulus
(Fin
e/C
oars
e M
atls
)
Mod
ulus
(Asp
halt
Mix
ture
s)
Low Strength or Low Stability Mix ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ●Poor Mix Gradation ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ●Low or High Asphalt Content ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○Low or High Air Void Content ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○Improper Fines Content ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ●Tender Mix ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ●Segregated Mix ● ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ●Surface Prep./Excess/Lack Prime/Tack ● ● ○ ○ ○ ●Improper Crack Sealing Techniques ○ ● ● ○Improper Compaction Techniques ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ●Excess Moisture In Mix ● ● ○ ○ ○ ●Low HMA Thickness ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ●Low Base/Subbase Thickness ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○Poor Subgrade Compaction ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○Poor Base/Subbase Compaction ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○Poor Base/Subbase Gradation ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ○Low or High Binder Viscosity ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● • ○ ○Temp. Susceptible Asphalt Binder ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ • ○Rapid Aging Asphalt Binder ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○Moisture Sensitive Mix ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ●Poor Aggregate Durability ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○Poor Aggregate Soundness ● ○ ○ ○ ● • • ●Poor Aggregate Cleanness ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ●High Exposure to Moisture ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Cool/Cold Prevailing Temperatures ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Hot Prevailing Temperatures ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Freeze-Thaw Cycling ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ●Large Daily Temperature Cycles ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ●High Traffic Volume ● ○ ● ○ ○High ESAL Truck Volume ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ●Exposure to Studded Tires/Chains ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● • •Inadequate Pavement Structure ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Poor Material Selection ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Poor Drainage ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○Narrow or Non-Existent Shoulders ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Narrow Lane Width ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Excessive Horizontal Geometry ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Legend: ● Typical test or data requirement ○ Occasional test or data requirement
Mat
eria
lsM
ix D
esig
nDistress
Possible Causes of Distress
Unbound Mat'ls (Strength-Related)Testing MethodsSurvey Bound MaterialsG
eom
etric
D
esig
nC
limat
eTr
affic
Stru
ctur
al
Des
ign
Structural Field Sampling &Records Review EvaluationC
onst
ruct
ion
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Possible Data Review/Requirements
Des
ign
Rep
orts
Pla
ns a
nd S
peci
ficat
ions
QC
/QA
Rec
ords
As-
Bui
lt D
raw
ings
Lab
Mat
eria
l Tes
t Res
ults
Pas
t Sur
veys
/ND
T/Sa
mpl
ing
Res
ults
Mai
nten
ance
/Rep
air H
isto
ries
Win
dshi
eld
Surv
ey
Det
aile
d D
istr
ess
Surv
ey
Non
dest
ruct
ive
Test
ing
Eva
luat
ion
of N
DT
Uni
form
ity
Str
uct.
Cap
acity
Eva
luat
ion
Low Strength or Low Stability Mix ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○Poor Mix Gradation ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○Low or High Asphalt Content ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○Low or High Air Void Content ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○Improper Fines Content ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○Tender Mix ● ○ ○Segregated Mix ● ● ● ○ ●
● Typical test or data requirement ○ Occasional test or data requirement
Mix
Des
ign
Distress
Possible Causes of Distress
SurveyStructuralRecords Review Evaluation
Con
stru
ctio
n
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Use of Selection Tables
Overall Problem(by Distress Category
and Type)
Possible Causes(by GeneralCategory)
Possible DataRequirements
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Overview of Guide
IntroductionTypes of Flexible PavementsFactors Affecting Pavement Distress and PerformanceTypes of Pavement Distress and Their MechanismsInvestigation of DistressRemediation of Distress
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Cost Analysis
Flowchart of Process
Repair/Rehabilitation Alternatives
Structural Section Design and/or Mix Design
Probable Cause(s)
Patch Sealing/Micro-Milling
SurfaceLevel
SurfaceTreat-ment
Over-lay
Removeand
Replace
Recon-struct
Treatment Selection
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Candidate Rehab & Repair Treatments
Par
tial D
epth
Ful
l Dep
th
Cra
ck S
ealin
g
Rou
t and
Sea
l
Saw
and
Sea
l*
Mic
ro-M
illing
Col
d M
illing
(Par
tial D
epth
)
Rut
Fille
r
Lev
elin
g C
ours
e
Chi
p Se
al
Fog
Sea
l
Slu
rry
Seal
Mic
rosu
rfaci
ng
San
d Se
al
Scr
ub S
eal
Bon
ded
Wea
ring
Cou
rse
OG
FC
Thi
n O
verla
y ( ≤
30
mm
)
CAP
M ( ≤
75
mm
)
Stru
ctur
al O
verla
y
Inla
y (P
D M
ill &
Fill)
Hot
In-P
lace
Rec
ycle
Par
tial D
epth
CIP
R*
Ful
l Dep
th C
IPR
*
Hot
Cen
tral P
lant
Rec
ycle
Mill
& Fi
ll (F
ull D
epth
)
Ful
l Dep
th R
ecla
mat
ion
Virg
in M
ater
ials
Dra
inag
e Im
prov
emen
ts
Hea
ter S
carif
y
Fab
ric*
Geo
grid
*
SAM
I*
Longitudinal x x ○ x x x ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ x ● ● ○ x x x x ● x x x ● ● x
Fatigue ● ○ ○ x ○ ● x x x ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● x
Transverse ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ x ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ●Reflective ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ x ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ●
Block ● ○ ○ ○ x ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ●Edge ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Rutting ● ● ○ ● ● ● x ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○Corrugation ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Shoving ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ●Depression ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○
Overlay Bumps ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○Delamination ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○
Potholes ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ●Patching ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ●Raveling ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ●Stripping ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○
Polished Aggr. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Pumping ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○
Segregation ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○Checking ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ○ ○Bleeding ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○
● Candidate treatment ○ Marginal treatment. Product selection is critical x Special product or technique required* Requires an overlay or other suitable surface treatment No Caltrans Specification
Surface Treatment HMA OverlayM
at
Prob
lem
sD
eter
iora
tion
Def
orm
atio
nC
rack
ing
Recon-struct Pre-Treatments
Dis
tress
Cat
egor
y
Distress Type
HMA Patch
Sealing/Micro-Milling
Remove & Replace (HMA Surface)
Surface Leveling
![Page 24: CalTrans Guide TRB04-4484 S719](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051115/563dbbbf550346aa9aafeb40/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Candidate Rehab & Repair Treatments
Par
tial D
epth
Ful
l Dep
th
Chi
p Se
al
Fog
Sea
l
Slu
rry
Seal
Mic
rosu
rfac
ing
Bon
ded
Wea
ring
Cou
rse
OG
FC
Thi
n O
verla
y ( ≤
30
mm
)
CA
PM ( ≤
75
mm
)
Str
uctu
ral O
verla
y
Longitudinal x x x ○ ○ ○ x ● ●Fatigue ● x ○ ●
Transverse ○ ○ x ○ ○ ○ ○ ●Reflective ○ ○ x ○ ○ ○ ○ ●
Block x ○ ○ ○ ● ○Edge ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
● Candidate treatment ○ Marginal treatment. Product selection is criticalx Special product or technique required
HMA Overlay
Cra
ckin
g
Surface Treatment
Dis
tres
s C
ateg
ory
Type
HMA Patch
![Page 25: CalTrans Guide TRB04-4484 S719](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051115/563dbbbf550346aa9aafeb40/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Distress Cause(s) Addressed
Low
-Stre
ngth
or L
ow-S
tabi
lity
Mix
Poo
r Mix
Gra
datio
n
Low
Asp
halt
Con
tent
Hig
h As
phal
t Con
tent
Low
Air
Void
Con
tent
Hig
h Ai
r Voi
d C
onte
nt
Impr
oper
Fin
es C
onte
nt
Ten
der M
ix
Seg
rega
ted
Mix
Poo
r Sur
face
Pre
para
tion
Exc
ess/
Insu
ffici
ent P
rime
or T
ack
Impr
oper
Cra
ck S
ealin
g Te
chni
ques
Impr
oper
Com
pact
ion
Tech
niqu
es
Exc
ess
Moi
stur
e in
Mix
Low
HM
A Th
ickn
ess
Low
Bas
e/Su
bbas
e Th
ickn
ess
Poo
r Sub
grad
e C
ompa
ctio
n
Poo
r Bas
e/Su
bbas
e C
ompa
ctio
n
Poo
r Bas
e/Su
bbas
e G
rada
tion
Hig
h As
phal
t Cem
ent V
isco
sity
Low
Asp
halt
Cem
ent V
isco
sity
Tem
p. S
usce
ptib
le A
spha
lt C
emen
t
Rap
id A
ging
Asp
halt
Cem
ent
Moi
stur
e S
ensi
tive
Mix
Poo
r Agg
rega
te D
urab
ility
Poo
r Agg
rega
te S
ound
ness
Poo
r Agg
rega
te C
lean
ness
Hig
h Ex
posu
re to
Moi
stur
e
Coo
l/Col
d Pr
evai
ling
Tem
pera
ture
s
Hot
Pre
vailin
g Te
mpe
ratu
res
Fre
eze-
Thaw
Cyc
ling
Lar
ge D
aily
Tem
pera
ture
Cyc
les
Hig
h Tr
affic
Vol
ume
Hig
h ES
AL T
ruck
Vol
ume
Exp
osur
e to
Stu
dded
Tire
s/C
hain
s
Inad
equa
te P
avem
ent S
truct
ure
Poo
r Mat
eria
l Sel
ectio
n
Poo
r Dra
inag
e
Nar
row
or N
on-E
xist
ent S
houl
der
Nar
row
Lan
e W
idth
Exc
essi
ve H
oriz
onta
l Geo
met
ry
Partial Depth ○ ○ ○ ●Full Depth ● ● ○ ○ ○
Crack Sealing ○ ●Rout and Seal ○ ●Saw and Seal* ○ ●Micro-Milling ○ ○ ●
Cold Milling (P. Depth) ● ● ●Rut Filler ● ○
Leveling Course ○ ●Chip Seal x x ● x ● ● ● ○Fog Seal ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○
Slurry Seal ○ ○ ○ ○ x ○ x ○ x ○ ○ ● ● ● ○Microsurfacing ○ ○ ○ ○ x ○ x ○ x ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○
Sand Seal ○ ● ● ● ● ○Scrub Seal ○ ● ● ● ● ○
Bonded Wearing Course ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○OGFC ○ ● ● ○ ●
Thin Overlay (≤ 30 mm) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○CAPM (≤ 75 mm) ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○Structural Overlay ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Inlay (PD Mill & Fill) ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Hot In-Place Recycle ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Partial Depth CIPR* ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ●
Full-Depth CIPR* ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ●Hot Central Plant Rec. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ●Mill & Fill (Full Depth) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
F.D. Reclamation ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ●Virgin Materials ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ●
Drainage Improvements ● ● ●Heater Scarify ○
Fabric* ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ● ●Geogrid* ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●SAMI* ○ ○ ○ ● ● ●
● Candidate treatment ○ Marginal treatment * Requires an overlay or other suitable surface treatment x Special product or technique required No Caltrans specification
Causes of Pavement Distress Addressed by Rehabilitation and Repair TreatmentsS
ealin
g/M
icro
-M
illin
gTr
eatm
ent C
ateg
ory
Candidate Treatments
Rec
on-
stru
ctPr
e-Tr
eatm
ents
Surfa
ce
Leve
ling
Rem
ove
and
Rep
lace
(HM
A
Surfa
ce)
Sur
face
Tre
atm
ent
HM
A
Ove
rlay
HM
A P
atch
![Page 26: CalTrans Guide TRB04-4484 S719](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051115/563dbbbf550346aa9aafeb40/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Distress Cause(s) Addressed
Trea
tmen
t Cat
egor
yCandidate
Treatments
Low
-Str
engt
h or
Low
-Sta
bilit
y M
ix
Poo
r Mix
Gra
datio
n
Low
Asp
halt
Con
tent
Hig
h A
spha
lt C
onte
nt
Low
Air
Void
Con
tent
Hig
h A
ir Vo
id C
onte
nt
Impr
oper
Fin
es C
onte
nt
Ten
der M
ix
Seg
rega
ted
Mix
Partial Depth ○Full Depth ●Chip SealFog Seal ○
Slurry Seal ○ ○ ○ ○Microsurfacing ○ ○ ○ ○
BWC ○ ○ ○ ○ ○OGFC
Thin Overlay (≤ 30 mm) ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○CAPM (≤ 75 mm) ○ ○ ○ ● ● ○ ○ ○ ○
Structural Overlay ● ○ ● ● ● ● ○ ○ ○
● Candidate treatment ○ Marginal treatment
Surf
ace
Trea
tmen
tH
MA
O
verla
yH
MA
Pa
tch
![Page 27: CalTrans Guide TRB04-4484 S719](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051115/563dbbbf550346aa9aafeb40/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Use of Treatment Selection Tables
Overall Problem(by Distress Category
and Type)
Candidate Rehabilitation and Repair Treatments
Causes of PavementAddressed by
R&R Treatments
![Page 28: CalTrans Guide TRB04-4484 S719](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051115/563dbbbf550346aa9aafeb40/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Development Status
Method has been tested on several projectsReview process completeManuals have been finalized and will be produced for statewide distributionOne-day training course under development
![Page 29: CalTrans Guide TRB04-4484 S719](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051115/563dbbbf550346aa9aafeb40/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Acknowledgements
Terrie Bressette (Caltrans)Rita Leahy (MACTEC)David Peshkin (APTech)
![Page 30: CalTrans Guide TRB04-4484 S719](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022051115/563dbbbf550346aa9aafeb40/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Thank You!