calving school the calving process...stage i intrauterine pressure increases and the calf rotates so...
TRANSCRIPT
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The calving processThe calving processCharles T. EstillCharles T. Estill
OSU Extension VeterinarianOSU Extension Veterinarian
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Calving is initiated by the calfCalving is initiated by the calf
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Signs of impending calvingUdder development 2-3 wks before calving in cows- earlier in heifersTeats fill and lose wrinklesSunken or hollow appearance to tailhead 2-3 days priorMucous discharge from vulva and swelling of vulvaColostrum in udderRestlessness, reduced appetite, separation from group
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Heifers – progress every 60 min ------- Cows – progress every 30 min
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Stage IStage I
►►Intrauterine pressure increases and the calf Intrauterine pressure increases and the calf rotates so front feet and head are rotates so front feet and head are positioned towards vulva of cow.positioned towards vulva of cow.
►►Contracting uterus pushes calf towards Contracting uterus pushes calf towards cervix.cervix.
►►PressurePressure--sensitive nerves in cervix result in sensitive nerves in cervix result in uterine contractions when contacted by calfuterine contractions when contacted by calf
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Stage II Stage II –– delivery of calfdelivery of calf
►►Uterine contractions push calfUterine contractions push calf’’s feet and s feet and head against placenta until it ruptures head against placenta until it ruptures
First water bag (First water bag (chorioallantoischorioallantois) ruptures then ) ruptures then second ruptures (amnion) about 1 h latersecond ruptures (amnion) about 1 h laterContinued straining forces calf into birth canal Continued straining forces calf into birth canal and calfand calf’’s feet are usually visible within 2 h s feet are usually visible within 2 h (cows) after water bag rupture(cows) after water bag ruptureCalf is expelled within 1/2 to 2 hrsCalf is expelled within 1/2 to 2 hrs
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Stage IIStage II
Second water bag
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Stage IIStage II
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Stage IIStage II
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Stage IIIStage III
►► Afterbirth is usually passed within 1Afterbirth is usually passed within 1--8 h after 8 h after calving.calving.
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Time courseTime course
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Bovine Obstetrics•About 2% of calves are born dead
•About 2% of calves die within first week of life
•3-7% loss birth to weaning
•Monitor cows in labor every 2 hours
•Cows- examine if no progress within 30-60 min after seeing fetal membranes
•Heifers- 60-90 min
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When to intervene…
If cow is restless for > 4-6 hours but does not go into labor (no straining)If cow is straining but no part of calf is showing after > 2 hoursIf feet or nose showing but calf not delivered after > 2 hoursAnything abnormal!
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DystociaAbnormal or difficult delivery that may or may not require assistance
May result in injury or death to calf and/or cow/heifer
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Dystocia & ObstetricsCow-causes
Uterine (torsion), placental, vaginalCalf-causes
Disproportionate size, fetal monsters, twinsMalpresentation, malposition, malposture
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General Rules
Should not be hasty nor heroicBe clean, be gentle & use a lot of lube
Wash your hands and arms, clean pins, anus, and vulva of cowWear OB glovesExam should determine if calf is in normal birth position
Determining the time to abandon one technique for another is gained through experience
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Case Management
Good chance for successful delivery by traction if:
Calf’s fetlock joints delivered spontaneously through vulva and head is delivered spontaneously into pelvic inletCalf’s hooves protrude through vulva during straining & then slide backCan feel 'space' all around calf
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Case Management
Reduced chance for successful delivery by traction if:
neither of the previously listed signs are presentCalf’s forelimbs cross within pelvis
indicates that shoulders are too wideCalf’s hooves are rotated with soles pointing inward
indication that elbows are forced together by narrow pelvic inlet
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Necessary equipment
Tail tie ropeClean bucketWater (warm)Sleeves
LubricationScrub (Prepodyne)OB chains & handlesCalf jack
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OB equipment
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Dystocia CorrectionMethods
Mutation followed by forced extraction mutation: returning the fetus to a normal presentation, position & posture
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Normal presentation, position, and posture
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Clean, Clean, Clean
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Vaginal exam
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S-T-R-E-T-C-H Vulva-5 minutes
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Cast cow to right side or allow to remain standing
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Forced Extraction - Equipment
Mean force required to fracture a leg = 170 kg
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Forced Extraction
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Forced Extraction
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Bovine pelvis Calf pelvis
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Prevent hip-lock
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As soon as head is out- rotate calf
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When hips clear pelvic inlet –rotate back
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Three point traction
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Forced extraction
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Pull in synchrony with contractions
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Forced extraction
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Forced extraction
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Use when…
there is sufficient room in the birth canalthe calf is lined up correctlythere is ample lubrication.
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Lateral deviation of head
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Carpal flexion
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Correction of carpal flexion
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Carpal flexion- foot out of reach
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Shoulder flexion
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Repel calf
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Convert to carpal flexion
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Retrieve carpus
Twist carpus medially
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Now twist carpus laterally
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Extend foreleg
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Cause of increased fetal mortality umbilical cord ruptures prior to parturition
Delivery should be more rapid than with head-first presentation
Caudal Longitudinal Presentation (Backwards)
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Posterior - Pull slightly up to start
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Right hip flexion
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Push hock dorsally and laterallyExtend from hoof
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Twins
How to tell a foreleg from a hindleg
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True breech
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Correction of True Breech
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Correction of True Breech
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Correction of True Breech II
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When you are all alone!
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Umbilical cord still attached
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Prop calf up to facilitate breathing
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Licking calf
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Sucking colostrum
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Post-Calving Steps
ALWAYS CHECK FOR TWIN!!Check for tears in reproductive tractTake note of excessive bleeding and locate source if possible
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Do not encourage this!
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Injuries of cow/heifer after calving
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Laceration to Birth Canal
Surgery to repair tears is only partially successful - Cow may never breed back
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Bruised vagina
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Obturator Paralysis“Pinched Nerves”
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Uterine Prolapse is Avoidable
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Uterine Prolapse is a true emergency
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Handling the Prolapsed Uterus Cow
If cow is down, leave her where she isIf cow is up, allow her to stand quietlyDO NOT CHASE COW!!Call vet, wait for help
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Prevention of Prolapse
Give oral or IV calcium as soon as you suspect milk feverMay need to give calcium before starting to assistGive oxytocin IV or IM after deliveryKeep cow standingKeep pen flat and free of holes or uneven areas
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Care of newborn calves
Dry calf off with towels or strawLeave calf near rear-parts of motherCheck cow's udder for milk flow -don't get kicked!Turn mother lose- if mother is a heifer keep her confinedIf calf has not stood and nursed within 1 h tube or bottle feed colostrum
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DIP NAVEL WITH IODINE
7% Tincture of Iodine is used to dip navel of newborn calf
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TUBE CALF WITH COLOSTRUM
1 gallon colostrum within 2 hours of birthWarm colostrum is best!!
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Newborn calf (day 1) procedures
Identify calf and recordDip navelCheck temperature-warm calf if less than 100FLook over calfCheck for meconium stainingOral vaccines BEFORE colostrumBoSe injectionDetermine if calf has sucked
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Warm-up cold calves