CALWATER2 Field Study of Air-Sea Interaction and AR dynamics in Midlatitude Pacific Storms

• Ship (NOAA Brown)• Ship Field Duration – 30 days• Time Window – Jan 1, 2015 – Mar 10, 2015• Ship location – Nominally 35-40 N 130 W• Aerosols, meteorology, clouds, precip, waves,

surface fluxes

Science Targets Ship Ops• Characterization of near surface meteorology,

aerosols, fluxes• Profiles T/RH/U• Cloud properties, Precip structures• Surface budgets:

– Moisture (evap and precip)– Aerosols (production, deposition)

• Wave spectra and breaking, bubbles

Water Vapor Budget Boxes- NASA Global Hawk- Dropsondes, aerosols

Ship- DOE AMF2- Small UAS- Air-sea fluxes- Precipitation estimates

NASA DC-8- Aerosols, trace gases- Precipitation estimates

DOE G-1- Aerosols- Microphysics

Ground- NOAA HMT- UCSD ATOFMS

Sierra Nevada,Shasta, andCoast Ranges(white bars)

Hawaii

SSM/I satellite observations of IWV showing a strong atmospheric river on 12 Dec 2010 (from Ralph and Dettinger BAMS 2012)

CalWater 2Experimental Design Schematic

Operations bases- Global Hawk,

DC-8 (NASA Dryden)

- P-3B, G-1 (Monterey)

Operations base- DC-8 (HawaiI)

Remote aerosol plume

(schematic)

20°N

30°N

40°N

50°N

160°W 150°W 140°W 130°W

Aerosol Profiling- NASA DC-8- Aerosols, trace gases

Courtesy of F. M. Ralph, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory

NASA P-3B- Surface water level- Soil moisture

CALWATER2Ship-based Sensors

• X-band Radar – AMF2 (CSU Rutledge)• DOE AMF2 - PNNL (Leung)

– Aerosols, microwaves, lidars, wind profilers, …

• Fluxes and Near-Surface Meteorology-ESRL/PSD (Fairall)• Marine aerosol chemistry, production - PMEL (Bates/Quinn)• Surface waves (IR/polarization imaging)– LDEO (Zappa)?• Bubble/aerosol dynamics – SIO (Deane, Stokes)?• UAS – NOAA/AOC and PMEL?

PSD Flux SystemTable 1. Sensors and variable for PSD flux system. Sensors mounted on jackstaff or roof of PSD seatiner.

Sensor Variables Sampling rate Height (m)

Gill sonic Wind: U,V,W 10 Hz 17.4

Motion Pack

6-component motion 10 Hz 17.2

STI ORG

Rain rate0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min 15.7

Vaisala HMP235

T/RH0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min 14.7

Licor 7500 Fast CO2 H2O 10 Hz 16.6

PSP, PIR Radiometers

Solar, IR radiative flux 0.1Hz, averaged to 1

sample/min 14.4

Barometer

Pressure0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min 13.3

PSD Sea Snake

SST0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min -0.05 to -0.10

Flux Sensors on the Jackstaff

Schedule ETC• Ports

– Load Honolulu– Unload Newport, OR or Alameda, CA

• Dates– Start 1 Jan– End 30 days later

• 6 seatainers (3 AMF2, 2 PMEL)• 22 personnel

Table 1. List of CALWATER2 IFO15 PI’s.

Chris Fairall Fluxes chris.fairall@noaa.gov

Ruby Leung DOE aerosols ruby.leung@pnnl.gov

Steve Rutledge C-band radar rutledge@atmos.colostate.edu

Tim Bates Sea spray tim.bates@noaa.gov

Patricia Quinn Aerosols patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov

Grant Deane Ocean bubbles gdeane@ucsd.edu

Chris Zappa IR imaging, whitecaps

zappa@ldeo.columbia.edu

Table 2. List of CALWATER2 Investigator Observing SystemsIndex System Type Location Seatainers

A1 AMF2 Aerosols, meteorology, radars, lidars

02 Forward 3

A2 Air-Sea Fluxes Fast turbulence systems, solar/IR radiometers

Jackstaff 0

A3 AMF2 scanning Radar

Precipitation, Doppler velocity scans

02 Forward 1

A4 Aerosol Chemistry

PMEL systems 02 foward 2

A5 SeaSweep Surface production of aerosols

02 forward. Port side deployment of small tethered buoy.

0

A6 Ocean video/acoustics

Bubble population spectra

Main aft, deck operations. Deploy and recover bubble sensing package.

0

A7 IR and Visible Imagers

Whitecaps and thermal surface structure.

03 deck, starboard. Mount video systems.

0

Participating Scientists

Name Gender Nationality Affiliation

1. Christopher Fairall M USA ESRL/PSD 2. xxxxxxx M USA ESRL/PSD 3. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 4. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 5. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 6. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 7. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 8. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 9. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 10. xxxxxxx F USA DOE 11. xxxxxxx M USA PMEL 12. xxxxxxx F USA PMEL 13. xxxxxxx M USA PMEL 14. xxxxxxx ?? ?? PMEL 15. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ?? 16. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ?? 17. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ?? 18. xxxxxxx ?? ?? SIO 19. xxxxxxx ?? ?? SIO 20. xxxxxxx ?? ?? SIO 21. xxxxxxx ?? ?? LDEO 22. xxxxxxx ?? ?? LDEO 23. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ??