CALWATER2 Field Study of Air-Sea Interaction and AR dynamics in Midlatitude Pacific Storms
• Ship (NOAA Brown)• Ship Field Duration – 30 days• Time Window – Jan 1, 2015 – Mar 10, 2015• Ship location – Nominally 35-40 N 130 W• Aerosols, meteorology, clouds, precip, waves,
surface fluxes
Science Targets Ship Ops• Characterization of near surface meteorology,
aerosols, fluxes• Profiles T/RH/U• Cloud properties, Precip structures• Surface budgets:
– Moisture (evap and precip)– Aerosols (production, deposition)
• Wave spectra and breaking, bubbles
Water Vapor Budget Boxes- NASA Global Hawk- Dropsondes, aerosols
Ship- DOE AMF2- Small UAS- Air-sea fluxes- Precipitation estimates
NASA DC-8- Aerosols, trace gases- Precipitation estimates
DOE G-1- Aerosols- Microphysics
Ground- NOAA HMT- UCSD ATOFMS
Sierra Nevada,Shasta, andCoast Ranges(white bars)
Hawaii
SSM/I satellite observations of IWV showing a strong atmospheric river on 12 Dec 2010 (from Ralph and Dettinger BAMS 2012)
CalWater 2Experimental Design Schematic
Operations bases- Global Hawk,
DC-8 (NASA Dryden)
- P-3B, G-1 (Monterey)
Operations base- DC-8 (HawaiI)
Remote aerosol plume
(schematic)
20°N
30°N
40°N
50°N
160°W 150°W 140°W 130°W
Aerosol Profiling- NASA DC-8- Aerosols, trace gases
Courtesy of F. M. Ralph, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
NASA P-3B- Surface water level- Soil moisture
CALWATER2Ship-based Sensors
• X-band Radar – AMF2 (CSU Rutledge)• DOE AMF2 - PNNL (Leung)
– Aerosols, microwaves, lidars, wind profilers, …
• Fluxes and Near-Surface Meteorology-ESRL/PSD (Fairall)• Marine aerosol chemistry, production - PMEL (Bates/Quinn)• Surface waves (IR/polarization imaging)– LDEO (Zappa)?• Bubble/aerosol dynamics – SIO (Deane, Stokes)?• UAS – NOAA/AOC and PMEL?
PSD Flux SystemTable 1. Sensors and variable for PSD flux system. Sensors mounted on jackstaff or roof of PSD seatiner.
Sensor Variables Sampling rate Height (m)
Gill sonic Wind: U,V,W 10 Hz 17.4
Motion Pack
6-component motion 10 Hz 17.2
STI ORG
Rain rate0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min 15.7
Vaisala HMP235
T/RH0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min 14.7
Licor 7500 Fast CO2 H2O 10 Hz 16.6
PSP, PIR Radiometers
Solar, IR radiative flux 0.1Hz, averaged to 1
sample/min 14.4
Barometer
Pressure0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min 13.3
PSD Sea Snake
SST0.1Hz, averaged to 1 sample/min -0.05 to -0.10
Flux Sensors on the Jackstaff
Schedule ETC• Ports
– Load Honolulu– Unload Newport, OR or Alameda, CA
• Dates– Start 1 Jan– End 30 days later
• 6 seatainers (3 AMF2, 2 PMEL)• 22 personnel
Table 1. List of CALWATER2 IFO15 PI’s.
Chris Fairall Fluxes [email protected]
Ruby Leung DOE aerosols [email protected]
Steve Rutledge C-band radar [email protected]
Tim Bates Sea spray [email protected]
Patricia Quinn Aerosols [email protected]
Grant Deane Ocean bubbles [email protected]
Chris Zappa IR imaging, whitecaps
Table 2. List of CALWATER2 Investigator Observing SystemsIndex System Type Location Seatainers
A1 AMF2 Aerosols, meteorology, radars, lidars
02 Forward 3
A2 Air-Sea Fluxes Fast turbulence systems, solar/IR radiometers
Jackstaff 0
A3 AMF2 scanning Radar
Precipitation, Doppler velocity scans
02 Forward 1
A4 Aerosol Chemistry
PMEL systems 02 foward 2
A5 SeaSweep Surface production of aerosols
02 forward. Port side deployment of small tethered buoy.
0
A6 Ocean video/acoustics
Bubble population spectra
Main aft, deck operations. Deploy and recover bubble sensing package.
0
A7 IR and Visible Imagers
Whitecaps and thermal surface structure.
03 deck, starboard. Mount video systems.
0
Participating Scientists
Name Gender Nationality Affiliation
1. Christopher Fairall M USA ESRL/PSD 2. xxxxxxx M USA ESRL/PSD 3. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 4. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 5. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 6. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 7. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 8. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 9. xxxxxxx M USA DOE 10. xxxxxxx F USA DOE 11. xxxxxxx M USA PMEL 12. xxxxxxx F USA PMEL 13. xxxxxxx M USA PMEL 14. xxxxxxx ?? ?? PMEL 15. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ?? 16. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ?? 17. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ?? 18. xxxxxxx ?? ?? SIO 19. xxxxxxx ?? ?? SIO 20. xxxxxxx ?? ?? SIO 21. xxxxxxx ?? ?? LDEO 22. xxxxxxx ?? ?? LDEO 23. xxxxxxx ?? ?? ??