canada

Canada

Pages 164 – 171And

Pages 178 - 183

Vocabulary

• Cultural Mosaic – When people from different areas keep their cultural identity.

• Constitutional Monarchy – Government in which the power of the king or queen is limited by the constitution.

• Plural Society – A society in which people are encouraged to maintain their distinctive cultural, ethnic, and racial identities.

Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171

• Canada’s climate and landforms divide it into several different regions.


• Canada borders the United States to the North

• The two countries share many traits in common.

• Canada is the second largest country in the world in land area. (Russia is the largest)


• Arctic Region – Mainly consists of

Arctic Archipelago– Within the Arctic Circle– Tundra climate with

freezing temperatures in both summer and winter. Limited Vegetation – moss and shrubs

– Subarctic climate with short cool rainy summers.

• Arctic Region – The Arctic Archipelago is made up of thousands of

islands that are covered in ice and snow almost all year. It thaws for a short time in the summer but it is considered to have permafrost. Permafrost is soil that doesn’t thaw.

– Baffin Island, which is where our musical selection was from, is located in the Arctic Archipelago.



• Canadian Shield – Large rocky area with

many lakes– Located from the

Hudson Bay to the Canadian Cordillera

– Subarctic climate with short cool rainy summers.

– Continental, Cool Summer climate with hot and humid summers and very cold winters.


• Canadian Shield – Largest physical region, covering 2.8 million square

miles. – This region was created by glaciers. The Great Lakes

were also created by glaciers. – There are many minerals in this region. Copper, Iron,

Nickel, Lead, Gold, and Silver can be found here.


• Atlantic Provinces– Contains the

northern part of the Appalachian Mts.

– Located in the East near the Atlantic Ocean.



• Atlantic Provinces– The Grand Banks is found in this region. The Grand

Banks is one of the best fishing areas in the world. It is considered a mixing zone. This is because warm waters from the Gulf Stream and cold waters from the Labrador Current meet and mix here. This causes nutrients to be stirred up and the plankton eats the nutrients. Fish then come to the area to eat the plankton.


• St. Lawrence River Valley– Most Populated Region which

is located near the Great Lakes and Atlantic Ocean.

– St. Lawrence River is the longest and most important river in Canada.


– The St. Lawrence River, like many rivers in Canada, is used to produce Hydroelectric Power.


• St. Lawrence River Valley• St. Lawrence lowland is found on both sides of the river. • It is a good place for farming and industry. There is fertile soil here

and it is near the river which is good for trade and transportation. • It is called Canada’s Heartland because most of Canada’s people,

industries, cities, and farmland is found there. • The river connects inland Canada with the Atlantic Ocean.


• Interior Plains – These plains are a part of

the Great Plains. – Located between the

Canadian Shield and Cordillera.


– Fertile land that host small farms and ranches.

– Natural gas and coal are also found in this region.

• Canadian Cordillera – Contains the northern part of

the Rocky Mts. – Near the Pacific Ocean– Continental, Cool Summer

climate with hot and humid summers and very cold winters.

– Also has the maritime climate and semiarid climate. Maritime is influenced by the weather coming off of the ocean. Semiarid climates have summer and winter but can experience drought.


• Canadian Cordillera – Cordillera means “mountain ranges” in Spanish. – This area is known for great views, ski resorts, and

it has a history in mining.


Section 1: Chapter AtlasPages 164 - 171 • After learning

about all of the different regions, use this population density map to decide why the population is concentrated in certain areas.


• Canada’s Economy –– Changed from a dependence on natural resources

to a service based economy. – Industries were using many natural resources so

the government put out regulations to decrease the use of the resources.

– Agriculture and Fishing Industries have decreased

1925-192918%

1950-195412%

20072%


• Canada’s Environment– Natural Resources and the environment have been

threatened. – Air Pollution is a major issue. The USA works with Canada

to reduce Air Pollution. • 1990’S – Air Quality Agreement to reduce acid rain• 2003 – Border Quality Strategy to reduce smog near US Canada

border. – In 1997 Canada enacted the Climate Change Plan that

contained guidelines to reduce global warming.– The Arctic however is still fragile and threatened by things

such as gas and oil spills.

Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183

• Canada’s Government– The United States and Canada

have many similarities; however, history, culture, and politics are different.

– The United States experienced a fast break with Great Britain, while Canada had a long, slow separation.


• The British created Canada in 1867.• In 1982 Canada passed a constitution. It is called

the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. (Similar to the US Bill of Rights)

• Canada has a Constitutional Monarchy. They have three branches of government which is similar to the United States.

• The Queen’s role is ceremonial. Her representative the Governor General alternates between a French and English Canadian. (They must be bilingual though.)

Section 2: Canada TodayPages 178 - 183ExecutiveLegislative Judicial

Parliament

House of Commons Senate

• Creates and Passes Laws

* Leader of the Majority Party becomes the Prime

Minister

Prime MinisterStephen Harper

Queen Elizabeth

Governor GeneralMichaëlle Jean

Judiciary

Supreme Court /Federal Court

•Applies and Interprets the laws of the

Canadian Constitution

• The King and Queen and their representative the Governor General have

limited duties.


• The three branches of the government are a little different from the US because there are no divisions between the executive and legislative branches.

• Canada’s government’s goal is to work to preserve the diversity of their cultures.


• Canada has good healthcare, laws to improve the environment, modern transportation, and a high standard of living. – #1 in the percentage of college graduates in its total

population. – #2 in Internet Users– 99% Literacy Rate– Unemployment is low


• Canada and Trade– NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

allows more than 1 billion dollars of trade to go between Canada and the US per day.

– WTO (World Trade Organization) also helps to increase their trade.


• Canada is a peacekeeping country. • They work with the United Nations on almost

every peacekeeping mission the UN has gone on since 1956.


• Canada’s Culture– The population is a mix of Indigenous people,

descendants of early settlers who were from England and France, and immigrants from other countries.


• Canada is a plural society. They are also said to have a cultural mosaic.

• In the 1970’s Canada adopted a multicultural viewpoint. This means that they encourage their citizens to carry on their parents’ and grandparents’ culture.


• French and English are both official languages of the country.

• Toronto is the largest Canadian city and one of the most diverse ethnic cities in the world.

• Montreal and Vancouver are also large and diverse cities.


• US culture flows easily into Canada.• Canada’s biggest challenge is to keep their

Canadian identity. • A law has been made that Canadian TV must

show a certain amount of Canadian content programming.


• Geography and Diversity are important in Canada’s future.

• Also, relationships with the United States concerning foreign policy, trade, economy, and culture are important to Canada.

canada

Documents

chapter atlaspages

arctic region

cool summer climate

arctic circletundra

shrubssubarctic climate

canadas climate

humid summers

lawrence river valleymost