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Candida auris : an emerging resistant organism JOSE ANTONIO SERRANO, MPH MYCOTIC DISEASE COORDINATOR

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Page 1: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

Candida auris : an emerging resistant organismJ O S E A N T O N I O S E R R A N O , M P HM Y C O T I C D I S E A S E C O O R D I N A T O R

Page 2: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

I n t r o / B a c k g r o u n d

C . a u r i s - s u b - s p e c i e s - C a n d i d a g e n u s

F i r s t r e p o r t e d i n 2 0 0 9 i n J a p a n- S . K o r e a i n 1 9 9 6 ?

A f f e c t s m a n y r e g i o n s o f t h e b o d y , c a u s i n g w o u n d a n d b l o o d s t r e a m i n f e c t i o n s

Page 3: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

W h a t i s C . a u r i s ?

C a n d i d a a u r i s i s a t y p e o f p a t h o g e n i c y e a s t c a u s i n g s e v e r e i l l n e s s i n h o s p i t a l i z e d p a t i e n t s

P a t i e n t s a t h i g h e r r i s k o f i n f e c t i o n i n c l u d e t h o s e w h o h a v e : p r e v i o u s l y r e c e i v e d a n t i b i o t i c s o r

a n t i f u n g a l t r e a t m e n t

s p e n t a l o n g t i m e i n a h e a l t h c a r e f a c i l i t y

a c e n t r a l l i n e c a t h e t e r , o r o t h e r l i n e s o r t u b e s c o n n e c t e d

w e a k e n e d i m m u n e s y s t e m s

Page 4: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

W h y i s C . a u r i s a p r o b l e m ? P o t e n t i a l f o r s e r i o u s i n f e c t i o n s

b l o o d s t r e a m

D i f f i c u l t t o i d e n t i f y

E a s y t o m i s - i d e n t i f y w h e n u s i n g t r a d i t i o n a l m e t h o d s

f o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n c o u l d l e a d t o a w r o n g

d i a g n o s i s / t r e a t m e n t

Page 5: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

Why is C. auris a problem? (cont’d)

I t c a n s p r e a d a g g r e s s i v e l y i n h e a l t h c a r e f a c i l i t i e s R e s p o n s i b l e f o r o u t b r e a k s i n h o s p i t a l s a n d n u r s i n g

h o m e s G o o d h a n d h y g i e n e a n d c l e a n i n g i n h e a l t h c a r e

f a c i l i t i e s i s i m p o r t a n t . C . a u r i s c a n s u r v i v e o n s u r f a c e s f o r s e v e r a l w e e k s

B e c o m i n g m o r e c o m m o n O n l y d i s c o v e r e d i n 2 0 0 9 , i t h a s s p r e a d q u i c k l y

O f t e n r e s i s t a n t t o a n t i - f u n g a l m e d i c a t i o n s M o s t C . a u r i s i n f e c t i o n s a r e t r e a t a b l e w i t h

e c h i n o c a n d i n s S o m e s t r a i n s h a v e b e e n f o u n d t o b e r e s i s t a n t t o a l l

t h r e e m a i n c l a s s e s o f a n t i - f u n g a l s

Page 6: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

I n f e c t i o n a n d c o l o n i z a t i o n w i t hC . a u r i s C a n c a u s e i n v a s i v e i n f e c t i o n r e q u i r i n g a n t i f u n g a l

t h e r a p y .

A l s o h a s b e e n f o u n d i n n o n - i n v a s i v e b o d y s i t e s . C a n c o l o n i z e a p e r s o n w i t h o u t c a u s i n g a c t i v e i n f e c t i o n .

P a t i e n t s h a v e b e e n f o u n d t o b e c o l o n i z e d f o r s e v e r a l m o n t h s a f t e r a c t i v e i n f e c t i o n h a s r e s o l v e d . N o t e n o u g h d a t a a v a i l a b l e t o p r o v i d e a m a x i m u m

a m o u n t o f t i m e o f c o l o n i z a t i o n N o t e n o u g h d a t a o n t h e e f f i c a c y o f d e c o l o n i z a t i o n

w i t h c h l o r h e x i d i n e o r o t h e r t o p i c a l a g e n t s

Page 7: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

Current National Situation (as of July 14, 2017) As o f May 2017 , a to ta l o f 77 US c l i n ica l cases were repor ted to

CDC. S c r e e n i n g o f c l o s e c o n t a c t s o f t h e s e p a t i e n t s i d e n t i f i e d a n a d d i t i o n a l 4 5

p a t i e n t s r e s u l t i n g i n a t o t a l o f 1 2 2 p a t i e n t s f r o m w h o m C . a u r i s h a s b e e n i s o l a t e d .

Median age: 70 year s (21 -96 ) and 55% were ma le M u l t i p l e u n d e r l y i n g c o n d i t i o n s a n d h e a l t h c a r e f a c i l i t y e x p o s u r e E p i - l i n k s h a v e b e e n f o u n d b e t w e e n m o s t c a s e s

Res i s tance: The f i r s t 35 c l i n ica l i so la tes te s ted fo r an t i funga l su scept ib i l i t y te s t ing : 3 0 ( 8 6 % ) w e r e r e s i s t a n t t o f l u c o n a z o l e 1 4 ( 4 3 % ) w e r e r e s i s t a n t t o a m p h o t e r i c i n B 1 ( 3 % ) w a s r e s i s t a n t t o e c h i n o c a n d i n s

Page 8: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

C a s e c o u n t a n d g e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n

Page 9: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

E n v i r o n m e n t a l t e s t i n g a n d I C r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s

E n v i r o n m e n t a l t e s t i n g o f p a t i e n t s ’ r o o m s i d e n t i f i e d C . a u r i s f r o m m a t t r e s s e s , b e d s , w i n d o w s i l l s , c h a i r s , i n f u s i o n p u m p s , a n d c o u n t e r t o p s , i n d i c a t i n g C . a u r i sc o n t a m i n a t i o n . C . a u r i s w a s n o t i s o l a t e d f r o m r o o m s a f t e r t h o r o u g h

c l e a n i n g w i t h a s o d i u m h y p o c h l o r i t e - b a s e d d i s i n f e c t a n t .

C u r r e n t i n f e c t i o n c o n t r o l r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r C . a u r i s - c o l o n i z e d o r i n f e c t e d p a t i e n t s i n c l u d e :

1 . S t a n d a r d a n d C o n t a c t P r e c a u t i o n s , 2 . p r i v a t e r o o m f o r p a t i e n t 3 . d a i l y a n d t e r m i n a l c l e a n i n g o f a p a t i e n t ’ s r o o m w i t h a

d i s i n f e c t a n t a c t i v e a g a i n s t C l o s t r i d i u m d i f f i c i l e s p o r e s4 . n o t i f i c a t i o n o f r e c e i v i n g h e a l t h c a r e f a c i l i t i e s w h e n a

p a t i e n t i s t r a n s f e r r e d .

Page 10: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

L o u i s i a n a C a s e D e f i n i t i o n

C a s e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s d e t e r m i n e d b a s e d o n l a b o r a t o r y e v i d e n c e a n d e p i d e m i o l o g i c l i n k a g e :

A c a s e t h a t m e e t s t h e c o n f i r m a t o r y l a b o r a t o r y e v i d e n c e f o r i n f e c t i o n : C u l t u r e o f C . a u r i s f r o m a n y b o d y s i t e , i n c l u d i n g

b l o o d , w o u n d , s k i n , e a r , u r i n e , r e c t u m , r e s p i r a t o r y s e c r e t i o n s , o r o t h e r b o d y f l u i d s .

A c a s e w i t h s u p p o r t i v e l a b o r a t o r y e v i d e n c e a n d e v i d e n c e o f e p i d e m i o l o g i c l i n k a g e D e t e c t i o n o f C . h a e m u l o n i i f r o m u r i n e , r e s p . t r a c t , o r

n o r m a l l y s t e r i l e s i t e b y a l a b o r a t o r y i n s t r u m e n t n o t e q u i p p e d t o d e t e c t C . a u r i s a n d i s o l a t e i s n o t a v a i l a b l e f o r f u r t h e r t e s t i n g .

Page 11: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

L o u i s i a n a C a s e D e f i n i t i o n( c o n t ’ d )

E p i d e m i o l o g i c l i n k a g e : i s o l a t e f r o m a p e r s o n w h o i s w i t h i n t h e s a m e h o u s e h o l d , s a m e h e a l t h c a r e f a c i l i t y , o r i n a h e a l t h c a r e f a c i l i t y t h a t c o m m o n l y s h a r e s p a t i e n t s w i t h a f a c i l i t y , w i t h a n o t h e r p e r s o n w i t h c o n f i r m a t o r y l a b o r a t o r y e v i d e n c e .

C o n f i r m e d : a c a s e t h a t i s l a b o r a t o r y - c o n f i r m e d P r o b a b l e : a c a s e w i t h s u p p o r t i v e l a b o r a t o r y

e v i d e n c e a n d e v i d e n c e o f e p i d e m i o l o g i c l i n k a g e S u s p e c t : a c a s e w i t h s u p p o r t i v e l a b o r a t o r y

e v i d e n c e a n d n o e v i d e n c e o f e p i d e m i o l o g i c l i n k a g e

Page 12: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

Antibiotic Resistance Lab Network T h e C D C A n t i b i o t i c R e s i s t a n c e L a b N e t w o r k ( A R L N )

r e g i o n a l l a b f o r L o u i s i a n a - b a s e d i n T e n n e s s e e

T h e H A I t e a m i s i n t h e p r o c e s s o f p l a n n i n g t o t r a i n h o s p i t a l l a b o r a t o r i e s t o s u b m i t C a n d i d a s p p . s a m p l e s d i r e c t l y t o t h i s r e g i o n a l l a b T h e A R L N w i l l p e r f o r m f u n g a l s u s c e p t i b i l i t y t e s t i n g t o

i d e n t i f y e m e r g i n g r e s i s t a n c e

Page 13: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

IDRIS Supplemental I n f o r m a t i o n

Page 14: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

IDRIS S u p p l e m e n t a l Information (cont’d)

Page 15: Candida auris: an emerging resistant organismCandida auris is a type of pathogenic yeast causing severe illness in hospitalized patients Patients at higher risk of infection include

Q u e s t i o n s o r C o m m e n t s ?