17,21 ā + abl. prep from; by1 17,21 ab + abl. prep from; by

abdūcō, abdūcere, abdūxī, abductus verb lead away 10 abeō, abīre, abiī verb go away

abhinc adverb agoabhorreō, abhorrēre, abhorruī verb shrink (from)abigō, abigere, abēgī, abāctus verb drive awayablātus see auferreabsēns, absēns, absēns, gen. absentis adj absentabsentia, absentiae, f. noun absence

26 abstulī see auferō 6 absum, abesse, āfuī verb be out, be absent, be away

absurdus, absurda, absurdum adj absurd 28 ac conj and 25 accidō, accidere, accidī verb happen 10 accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus verb accept, take in, receive 34 accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāvī, accūsātus verb accuse

āctor, āctōris, m. noun actor 4 ātus see agō 5 ad + acc. prep to, at

addō, addere, addidī, additus verb addaddūcō, addūcere, addūxī, adductus verb lead, lead on, encourage

27 adeō adverb so much, so greatly 20 adeō, adīre, adiī verb approach, go up to 22 adeptus, adepta, adeptum adj having received, having obtained 5 adest see adsum

adhibeō, adhibēre, adhibuī, adhibitus verb use, apply 30 adhūc adverb up till now, until now 34 adipīscor, adipīscī, adeptus sum verb receive, obtain

aditus, aditūs, m. noun opening, entrance 21 adiuvō, adiuvāre, adiūvī verb help

adligō, adligāre, adligāvī, adligātus verb tieadloquor, adloquī, adlocūtus sum verb speak to, addressadministrō, administrāre, administrāvī,

administrātus verb look after, manageadmīrātiō, admīrātiōnis, f. noun admirationadmīror, admīrārī, admīrātus sum verb admireadmittō, admittere, admīsī, admissus verb admit, let inadōrō, adōrāre, adōrāvī, adōrātus verb worshipadstō, adstāre, adstitī verb stand by

5 adsum, adesse, adfuī verb be here, be present 13 adveniō, advenīre, advēnī verb arrive

adventus, adventūs, m. noun arrival 32 32

adversus, adversa, adversum rēs adversae

adjnoun

hostile, unfavourable misfortune

advesperāscit, advesperāscere, advesperāvit verb get dark, become darkaedificium, aedificiī, n. noun building

16 aedificō, aedificāre, aedificāvī, aedificātus verb build 13 aeger, aegra, aegrum adj sick, ill

aegrōtus, aegrōtī, m. noun invalidAegyptius, Aegyptia, Aegyptium adj EgyptianAegyptus, Aegyptī, m. noun Egypt

32 aequus, aequa, aequum aequō animō

adj fair, calm calmly, in a calm spirit

aeternus, aeterna, aeternum adj eternalAethiopes, Aethiopum, m.pl. noun Ethiopians

30 affectus, affecta, affectum adj overcome, struckafferō, afferre, attulī, adlātus verb bring

30 afficiō, afficere, affēcī, affectus verb affectafflīgō, afflīgere, afflīxī, afflīctus verb afflict, hurtĀfrica, Āfricae, f. noun Africaage verb come on!agellus, agellī, m. noun small plot of landager, agrī, m. noun fieldagger, aggeris, m. noun ramp, mound

8 agitō, agitāre, agitāvī, agitātus verb chase, huntagna, agnae, f. noun lamb

9 agnōscō, agnōscere, agnōvī, agnitus verb recognise

4 agō, agere, ēgī, āctus āctum est dē nōbīs

verb do, act it’s all over for us

Agricola, Agricolae, m. noun Agricola 5 agricola, agricolae, m noun farmer

Alexandrīa, Alexandrīae, f. noun Alexandriaālea, āleae noun dicealiquandō adverb sometimes

14, 25 aliquis, aliquid aliquid mīrī

pronoun someone, something something exraordinary

15 alius, alia, aliud alius … alius

adj other, another, else one … another

29 aliī … aliī adj some … others 13 alter, altera, alterum

alter … alteradj the other, the second

one … the other 31 altus, alta, altum adj high, deep

amārus, amāra, amārum adj bitterambitiō, ambitiōnis, f. noun bribery

30 ambō, ambae, ambō adj both 5 ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī verb walk

āmēns, āmēns, āmēns, gen. āmentis adj out of one’s mind, in a frenzyamīcitia, amīcitiae, f. noun friendship

2 amīcus, amīcī, m. noun friend 12 āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissus verb lose 19 amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus verb love, like 22 amor, amōris, m. noun love

amphitheātrum, amphitheātrī, n. noun amphitheatreAmphitheātrum Flāvium noun Flavian Amphitheatreamphora, amphorae, f. noun wine-jaramplector, amplectī, amplexus sum verb embraceamplexus, amplexa, amplexum adj having embracedamplissimus, amplissima, amplissimum adj very greatamputō, amputāre, amputāvī, amputātus verb cut offamulētum, amulētī, n. noun amulet, lucky charman conj or utrum … an whether … or

2 ancilla, ancillae, f. noun slave-girl, maidangelus, angelī, m. noun angelangulus, angulī, m. noun cornerangustus, angusta, angustum adj narrow

17 animus, animī, m. noun spirit, soul, mind aequō animō calmly, in a calm spirit in animō habēre have in mind, intend in animō volvere wonder, turn over in the mind

21 annus, annī, m. noun year 31 ante + acc. prep before, in front of 27 anteā adverb before 4 ānulus, ānulī, m. noun ring

anus, anūs, f. noun old womananxius, anxia, anxium adj anxiousaper, aprī, m. noun boar

25 aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertus verb openapertē adverb openlyapodytērium, apodytēriī, n. noun changing-roomApollōnius, Apollōniī, m. noun Apollonius

27 appāreō, appārēre, appāruī verb appear 33 appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātus verb call, call out to 17 appropinquō, appropinquāre, appropinquāvī (+

dat.)verb approach, come near to

Aprōniānus, Aprōniānī, m. noun Apronianusaptus, apta, aptum adj suitable

14 apud + acc. prep among, at the house of 15 aqua, aquae, f. noun water

Aquae Sūlis, Aquārum, Sūlis, f. noun Aquae Sulis (modern Bath) 17 āra, ārae, f. noun altar

arānea, arāneae, f. noun spider, spider’s webarbiter, arbitrī, m. noun expert, judgearbor, arboris, f. noun treearca, arcae, f. noun strongbox, chest

20 arcessō, arcessere, arcessīvī, arcessītus verb summon, send forarchitectus, architectī, m. noun builder, architectarcus, arcūs, m. noun arch

27 ardeō, ardēre, arsī verb burn, be on fireardor, ardōris, m. noun spirit, enthusiasmārea, āreae, f. noun courtyard, builder’s yard, construction siteargenteus, argentea, argenteum adj made of silverarma, armōrum, n.pl. noun arms, weaponsarmārium, armāriī, n. noun chest, cupboardarmātī, armātōrum, m.pl. noun armed menarmō, armāre, armāvī, armātus verb Armarrogantia, arrogantiae, f. noun cheek, arrogance, gall

20 ars, artis, f. noun art, skillartifex, artificis, m. noun artist, craftsmanas, assis, m. noun as (small coin)

29 ascendō, ascendere, ascendī verb climb, riseasinus, asinī, m. noun ass, donkeyAsphaltītē, Asphaltītēs, f. noun Asphaltiteaspiciō, aspicere, aspexī verb look towardsastrologus, astrologī, m. noun Astrologer

33 at conj butAthēnae, Athēnārum, f.pl. noun Athens Athēnīs at Athensāthlēta, āthlētae, m. noun athlete

28 atque conj andātrium, ātriī, n. noun atrium, main room, hall

14 attonitus, attonita, attonitum adj astonished 34 auctor, auctōris, m. noun creator, originator, person responsible 34 mē auctōre at my suggestion 24 auctōritās, auctōritātis, f. noun authority

auctus see augeō 29 audācia, audāciae, f. noun boldness, audacity

audācter adverb boldly 24 audāx, audāx, audāx, gen. audācis adj bold, daring 18 audeō, audēre verb dare 5 audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus verb hear, listen to 26 auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātus verb take away, steal

augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus verb increaseAugusta, Augustae, f. noun Augusta

14 aula, aulae, f. noun palaceAulus, Aulī, m. noun Aulusaureus, aurea, aureum adj gilded, gold-plated, golden, made of goldaureus, aureī, m. noun gold coinaurīga, aurīgae, m. noun charioteerauris, auris, f. noun ear

25 autem conj but 16 auxilium, auxiliī, n. noun help

avāritia, avāritiae, f. noun greedavārus, avārī, m. noun miseravē interj hailavē atque valē hail and farewellavia, aviae, f. noun grandmotheravidē adverb eagerlyavis, avis, f. noun birdBaebius, Baebiī, m. noun Baebiusbalneum, balneī, n. noun bathbarba, barbae, f. noun beardbarbarus, barbara, barbarum adj barbarianBeelzebub, m. noun Beelzebub, the DevilBelimicus, Belimicī, m. noun Belimicus

26 bellum, bellī, n. noun war 26 bellum gerere wage war, campaign 17 bene adverb well

bene merēns well deserving, deserving kindness optimē very wellbeneficium, beneficiī, n. noun act of kindness, favourbenignē adverb kindly

17 benignus, benigna, benignum adj kind

bēstia, bēstiae, f. noun wild animal, beast 3 bibō, bibere, bibī verb drink

blanditiae, blanditiārum, f.pl. noun flatteriesblandus, blanda, blandum adj flattering, charming, enticing

6 bonus, bona, bonum adj good 16 melior, melior, melius adj better

melius est it would be better 5 optimus, optima, optimum adj very good, excellent, best

optimus quisque all the best peoplebracchium, bracchiī, n. noun armbrevī adverb in a short time

33 brevis, brevis, breve adj short, briefBritannī, Britannōrum, m.pl. noun BritonsBritannia, Britanniae, f. noun BritainBritannicus, Britannica, Britannicum adj BritishBritannus, Britannī, m. noun BritonBulbus, Bulbī, m. noun BulbusC. noun Gāiuscachinnō, cachinnāre, cachinnāvī verb laugh, cackle, roar with laughtercadō, cadere, cecidī verb fallCaecilius, Caeciliī, m. noun Caeciliuscaecus, caeca, caecum adj blind

22 caelum, caelī, n. noun sky, heavencalceus, calceī, m. noun shoeCalēdonia, Calēdoniae, f. noun Scotlandcalliditās, calliditātis, f. noun cleverness, shrewdness

10 callidus, callida, callidum adj clever, cunning, shrewd, smartcandēlābrum, candēlābrī, n. noun lampstand, candelabrumcandidātus, candidātī, m. noun candidate

1 canis, canis, m./f. noun dogCanticī, Canticōrum, m.pl. noun Cantici

13 cantō, cantāre, cantāvī verb sing, chant tībīis cantāre play on the pipescapillī, capillōrum, m.pl. noun hair

11 capiō, capere, cēpī, captus verb take, catch, capture cōnsilium capere make a plan, have an ideacaptīva, captīvae, f. noun (female) prisoner, captive

29 captīvus, captīvī, m. noun prisoner, captive 18 caput, capitis, n. noun head 24 carcer, carceris, m. noun prison

carmen, carminis, n. noun songcarnifex, carnificis, m. noun executioner

19 cārus, cāra, cārum adj dearcasa, casae, f. noun small house, cottagecastellum, castellī, n. noun fort

25 castra, castrōrum, n.pl. noun military camp, campcāsus, cāsūs, m. noun misfortunecatēna, catēnae, f. noun chaincaudex, caudicis, m. noun blockhead, idiotcaupō, caupōnis, m. noun innkeepercausa, causae, f. noun reason, causecautē adverb cautiouslycaveō, cavēre, cāvī verb bewarececidī see cadō

23 cēdō, cēdere, cessī verb give in, give way, make waycelebrō, celebrāre, celebrāvī, celebrātus verb celebrateceler, celeris, celere adj quick, fast

9 celeriter adverb quickly, fastcelerrimē adverb very quickly, very fast quam celerrimē as quickly as possiblecelerrimus, celerrima, celerrimum adj very fast, fastestcella, cellae, f. noun cell, sanctuarycellārius, cellāriī, m. noun (house) steward

21 cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātus verb hide 2 cēna, cēnae, f. noun dinner 7 cēnō, cēnāre, cēnāvī verb dine, have dinner 28 centum adj a hundred

centuriō, centuriōnis, m. noun centurion

cēpī see capiōCephalus, Cephalī, m. noun Cephaluscēra, cērae, f. noun wax, wax tabletcertāmen, certāminis, n. noun struggle, contest, fightcertē adverb certainlycertō, certāre, certāvī verb competecertus, certa, certum adj certain, infallible prō certō habēre know for certaincessī see cedō

13 cēterī, cēterae, cētera adj the others, the restChionē, Chionēs, f. noun ChioneChrīstiānī, Chrīstiānōrum, m.pl. noun ChristiansChrȳsogonus, Chrȳsogonī, m. noun Chrysogonus

2 cibus, cibī, m. noun foodcircā + acc. prep aroundcirciter + acc. prep aboutcirculus, circulī, m. noun hoop

21 circum + acc. prep around 3 circumspectō, circumspectāre, circumspectāvī verb look round 29 circumveniō, circumvenīre, circumvēnī,

circumventus verb surroundcircus, circī, m. noun circus, stadiumCircus Maximus, Circī Maximī, m. noun Circus Maximuscitharoedus, citharoedī, m. noun cithara player

11 cīvis, cīvis, m.f. noun citizenclādēs, clādis, f. noun disaster

clam adverb secretly, in private 3 clāmō, clāmāre, clāmāvī verb shout 5 clāmor, clāmōris, m. noun shout, uproar, racket 23 clārus, clāra, clārum adj famous, distinguished

Claudius, Claudiī, m. noun Claudius 15 claudō, claudere, clausī, clausus verb shut, close, block, conclude, complete

Clēmēns, Clēmentis, m. noun Clemensclēmēns, clēmēns, clēmēns, gen. clēmentis adj mercifulcliēns, clientis, m. noun clientCn. noun Gnaeus

18 coepī verb I beganCogidubnus, Cogidubnī, m. noun Cogidubnus

19 cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī verb think, consider rem cogitāre consider the problem sēcum cogitāre consider to oneself

18 cognōscō, cognōscere, cognōvī, cognitus verb find out, get to know 25 cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus verb force, compel

cohors, cohortis, f. noun cohortcolligō, colligere, collēgī, collēctus verb gather, collect, assemblecollocō, collocāre, collocāvī, collocātus verb place, putcolloquium, colloquiī, n. noun talk, chatcolō, colere, coluī, cultus verb seek favor of, make friends withcolō, colere, coluī, cultus verb cultivate, make friends withcolumba, columbae, f. noun dovecolumna, columnae, f. noun pillar, column

27 comes, comitis, m.f. noun comrade, companioncomitāns, comitāns, comitāns, gen. comitantis adj accompanyingcōmiter adverb politely, courteouslycomitor, comitārī, comitātus sum verb accompanycommeātus, commeātūs, m. noun (military) leavecommemorō, commemorāre, commemorāvī,

commemorātus verb talk about, mention, recallcommendō, commendāre, commendāvī,

commendātus verb recommendcommittō, committere, commīsī, commissus verb commit, begin

26 commōtus, commōta, commōtum adj moved, upset, affected, alarmed, excited, distressed, overcome

19 comparō, comparāre, comparāvī, comparātus verb obtain 12 compleō, complēre, complēvī, complētus verb fill

compluvium, compluviī, n. noun compluvium (opening in roof) 32 compōnō, compōnere, composuī, compositus verb put together, arrange, settle, mix, make up

compositus, composita, compositum adj composed, steady

24 comprehendō, comprehendere, comprehendī, comprehēnsus verb arrest, seize

conclāve, conclāvis, n. noun roomconcrepō, concrepāre, concrepuī verb snap, clickcondūcō, condūcere, condūxī, conductus verb hire

cōnfectus, cōnfecta, cōnfectum adj worn out, exhausted, overcome 19 cōnficiō, cōnficere, cōnfēcī, cōnfectus verb finish

rem conficere finish the job 25 cōnfīdō, cōnfīdere verb trust, put trust

cōnfīsus, cōnfīsa, cōnfīsum (+ dat.) adj having trusted, having put trust in 33 coniciō, conicere, coniēcī, coniectus verb hurl, throw

coniūrātiō, coniūrātiōnis, f. noun plot, conspiracyconiūrō, coniūrāre, coniūrāvī verb plot, conspire

34 cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum verb trycōnscendō, cōnscendere, cōnscendī verb climb on, embark on, go on board, mountcōnsentiō, cōnsentīre, cōnsēnsī verb agreecōnsīdō, cōnsīdere, cōnsēdī verb sit down

16 cōnsilium, cōnsiliī, n. noun plan, idea, advice cōnsilium capere make a plan, have an idea

31 cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī verb stand one’s ground, stand firm, halt, stopcōnspectus, cōnspectūs, m. noun sight

23 cōnspicātus, cōnspicāta, cōnspicātum adj having caught sight of 7 cōnspiciō, cōnspicere, cōnspexī, cōnspectus verb catch sight of 34 cōnspicor, cōnspicārī, cōnspicātus sum verb catch sight of

cōnspicuus, cōnspicua, cōnspicuum adj conspicuous, easily seen 28 cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtus verb decide

cōnsul, cōnsulis, m. noun consul (senior magistrate)cōnsulātus, cōnsulātūs, m. noun office of consul, consulship (rank of consul)

30 cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultus verb consult 8 cōnsūmō, cōnsūmere, cōnsūmpsī, cōnsūmptus verb eat

contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptus verb reject, despise 5 contendō, contendere, contendī verb hurry

contentiō, contentiōnis, f. noun argument 10 contentus, contenta, contentum adj satisfied

contineō, continēre, continuī verb containcontinuus, continua, continuum adj continuous, on end

33 contrā + acc. prep against 33 contrā adverb on the other hand

contrārius, contrāria, contrārium adj oppositecontumēlia, contumēliae, f. noun insult, abuseconvalēscō, convalēscere, convaluī verb get better, recover

11 conveniō, convenīre, convēnī verb come together, gather, meetconversus see convertor

32 convertō, convertere, convert, conversus verb turnconvertor, convertī, conversus sum verb turnconvolvō, convolvere, convolvī, convolūtus verb entangle

4 coquō, coquere, coxī, coctus verb cook 5 coquus, coqui, m. noun cook

corōna, corōnae, f. noun garland, wreath 28 corpus, corporis, n. noun body

corrumpō, corrumpere, corrūpī, corruptus verb corrupt dōnīs corrumpere bribe

14 cotīdiē adverb every day 33 crās adverb tomorrow 11 crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī (+ dat.) verb trust, believe, have faith in

creō, creāre, creāvī, creātus verb make, createCrispus, Crispī, m. noun Crispus

20 crūdēlis, crūdēlis, crūdēle adj cruelcruentus, cruenta, cruentum adj covered in blood, blood-stained, bloodycrux, crucis, f. noun cross

6 cubiculum, cubiculī, n. noun bedroomcucurrī see currōcui, cuius see quī

culīna, culīnae, f. noun kitchenculpō, culpāre, culpāvī verb blameculter, cultrī, m. noun knife

24 cum conj when 7 cum + abl. prep with

cumulō, cumulāre, cumulāvī, cumulātus verb heap 9 cupiō, cupere, cupīvī verb want 4 cūr? adverb why? 23 cūra, cūrae, f. noun care

cūrae esse be a matter of concerncūria, cūriae, f. noun senate-house

19 cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī verb care about, look after, supervise 5 currō, currere, cucurrī verb run

currus, currūs, m. noun chariotcursus, cursūs, m. noun course, flight

12 custōdiō, custōdīre, custōdīvī, custōdītus verb guard 13 custōs, custōdis, m. noun guard

damnō, damnāre, damnāvī, damnātus verb condemndare see dō

11 dē + abl. prep from, down from; about 18 dea, deae, f. noun goddess 15 dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus verb owe, ought, should, must

Deceanglī, Deceanglōrum, m.pl. noun Deceangli 20, 28 decem adj ten

decet, decēre, decuit verb be proper mē decet I ought

33 dēcidō, dēcidere, dēcidī verb fall downdecimus, decima, decimum adj tenth

22 dēcipiō, dēcipere, dēcēpī, dēceptus verb deceive, fooldēclārō, dēclārāre, dēclārāvī, dēclārātus verb declare, proclaim

14 decōrus, decōra, decōrum adj right, properdēdicō, dēdicāre, dēdicāvī, dēdicātus verb dedicatedēdūcō, dēdūcere, dēdūxī, dēductus verb escort

29 dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus verb defenddēfessus, dēfessa, dēfessum adj exhausted, tired outdēfīgō, dēfīgere, dēfīxī, dēfīxus verb fixdēfīxiō, dēfīxiōnis, f. noun cursedēiciō, dēicere, dēiēcī, dēiectus verb throw down, throwdēiectus, dēiecta, dēiectum adj disappointed, downcast

16 deinde adverb then 16 dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātus verb delight, please 14 dēleō, dēlēre, dēlēvī, dēlētus verb destroy

dēliciae, dēliciārum, f.pl. noun darlingdēligō, dēligāre, dēligāvī, dēligātus verb bind, tie, tie up, moor

30 dēmittō, dēmittere, dēmīsī, dēmissus verb let down, lowerdēmoveō, dēmovēre, dēmōvī, dēmōtus verb dismiss, move out of the waydēmum adverb at lastdēnārius, dēnāriī, m. noun a denarius (coin worth four sesterces)

20 dēnique adverb at last, finallydēns, dentis, m. noun tooth, tuskdēnsus, dēnsa, dēnsum adj thickdēnūntiō, dēnūntiāre, dēnūntiāvī, dēnūntiātus verb denounce, revealdēpellō, dēpellere, dēpulī, dēpulsus verb drive off, push downdēpōnō, dēpōnere, dēposuī, dēpositus verb put down, take offdērīdeō, dērīdēre, dērīsī, dērīsus verb mock, jeer at

33 dēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī verb come down, go down 24 dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertus verb desert

dēsiliō, dēsilīre, dēsiluī verb jump downdēsinō, dēsinere verb end, ceasedēsistō, dēsistere verb stop

20 dēspērō, dēspērāre, dēspērāvī verb despair, give updēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī verb look downdēstinō, dēstināre, dēstināvī, dēstinātus verb intenddēstringō, dēstringere, dēstrīnxī, dēstrictus verb draw out, draw (a sword), pull outdētestātus see dētestordētestor, dētestārī, dētestātus sum verb cursedētrahō, dētrahere, dētrāxī, dētractus verb pull down

14 deus, deī, m. noun god dī immortālēs! heavens above!Dēva, Dēvae, f. noun Deva (modern Chester) Devae at Deva Devam to Devadēvorō, dēvorāre, dēvorāvī, dēvorātus verb devour, eat up

dī see deusdiabolus, diabolī, m. noun devil

13 dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus verb saydictō, dictāre, dictāvī, dictātus verb dictateDīdo, Dīdōnis, f. noun Dido

9 diēs, diēī, m. noun day diēs fēstus, diēī fēstī, m festival, holiday diēs nātālis, diēī nātālis, m birthday

14 difficilis, difficile adj difficultdifficillimus, difficillima, difficillimum adj very difficultdifficultās, difficultātis, f. noun difficultydiffīsus, diffīsa, diffīsum (+ dat.) adj having distrusteddigitus, digitī, m. noun finger

25 dignitās, dignitātis, f. noun dignity, importance, prestigedignus, digna, dignum adj worthy, appropriate

14 dīligenter adverb carefully, diligentlydīligentia, dīligentiae, f. noun industry, hard workdīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī verb be fond ofdīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissus verb send away, dismissdīripiō, dīripere, dīripuī, dīreptus verb pull apart, ransack

29 dīrus, dīra, dīrum adj dreadfuldīs see deus

18 discēdō, discēdere, discessī verb depart, leavedisciplīna, disciplīnae, f. noun discipline, orderlinessdiscipulus, discipulī, m. noun disciple, followerdiscō, discere, didicī verb learndiscordia, discordiae, f. noun strifediscrīmen, discrīminis, n. noun crisisdissentiō, dissentīre, dissēnsī verb disagree, arguedissimulō, dissimulāre, dissimulāvī, dissimulātus verb conceal, hidedistribuō, distribuere, distribuī, distribūtus verb distributedītissimus, dītissima, dītissimum adj very richdiū adverb for a long time

30 dīves, dīves, dīves, gen. dīvitis adj rich dītissimus, dītissima, dītissimum adj very rich

30 dīvitiae, dīvitiārum, f.pl. noun richesdīvus, dīva, dīvum adj divinedīxī see dīcō

9 dō, dare, dedī, datus verb give 25 poenās dare pay the penalty, be punished 26 doceō, docēre, docuī, doctus verb teach 20 doctus, docta, doctum adj learned, educated, skilful, clever 28 doleō, dolēre, doluī verb hurt, be in pain

graviter dolēre be extremely painful 29 dolor, dolōris, m. noun pain, grief

dolus, dolī, m. noun trickerydomī adverb at home

14 domina, dominae, f. noun mistress, madam 2 dominus, dominī, m. noun lord, master (of the house)

Domitia, Domitiae, f. noun DomitiaDomitiānus, Domitiānī, m. noun Domitianus

20 domus, domūs, f. noun house, home domī at home domum redīre return home

14 dōnum, dōnī, n. noun present, gift dōnīs corrumpere bribe

2 dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī verb sleepdubium, dubiī, n. noun doubt

8 dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus verb lead, take sorte ductus chosen by lot

34 dum conj while, until Dumnorix, Dumnorigis, m. noun Dumnorix 20, 28 duo, duae, duo adj two

duodecim adj twelve 21 dūrus, dūra, dūrum adj harsh, hard 31 dux, ducis, m. noun leader

dūxī see dūcōē + abl. prep from, out of

ea, eā, eam see iseādem pronoun the sameeādem, eandem see īdemeam pronoun her, itēbrius, ēbria, ēbrium adj drunk

3 ecce interj see! look!edō, edere, ēdī, ēsus verb eatefferō, efferre, extulī, ēlātus verb bring out, carry out

21 efficiō, efficere, effēcī, effectus verb carry out, accomplisheffigiēs, effigiēī, f. noun image, statueeffringō, effringere, effrēgī, effrāctus verb break down

16 effugiō, effugere, effūgī verb escape 32 effundō, effundere, effūdī, effūsus verb pour out

effūsīs lacrimīs bursting into tearsēgī see agō

4 ego, meī pronoun I, me mēcum with me

34 ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum verb go out 24 ēgressus, ēgressa, ēgressum adj having gone out, having left 4 ēheu interj oh dear! oh no! alas!

eī see iseī pronoun to him, to her, to it; they

33 ēiciō, ēicere, ēiēcī, ēiectus verb throw outeīs pronoun to themeīs, eius see iseius pronoun his, of him, her, of hereiusmodī adverb of that kindēlābor, ēlābī, ēlāpsus sum verb slip out, escapeēlāpsus, ēlāpsa, ēlāpsum adj having escapedEleazārus, Eleazārī, m. noun Eleazarusēlegāns, gen. ēlegantis adj tasteful, elegantēlegantia, ēlegantiae, f. noun good taste, eleganceēliciō, ēlicere, ēlicuī, ēlicitus verb lure, entice

22 ēligō, ēligere, ēlēgī, ēlēctus verb chooseēlūdō, ēlūdere, ēlūdī, ēlūsus verb slip past, trick, outwit

9 ēmittō, ēmittere, ēmīsī, ēmissus verb throw, send out 6 emō, emere, ēmī, ēmptus verb buy

ēmoveō, ēmovēre, ēmōvī, ēmōtus verb move, clear awayēn interj look! ēn iūstitia! so this is justice! ēn Rōmānī! so these are the Romans!

23 enim conj for eō pronoun him, from him

eō see is 11 eō, īre, iī verb go

obviam īre (+ dat.) meet, go to meeteōdem see īdemeōrum pronoun their, of themeōrum, eōs see iseōs pronoun themEpaphrodītus, Epaphrodītī, m. noun Epaphroditus

12 epistula, epistulae, f. noun letter ab epistulīs in charge of correspondenceepulae, epulārum, f.pl. noun dishes, banquet

24 eques, equitis, m. noun horseman, well-to-do man ranking below senator

equitō, equitāre, equitāvī verb ride 15 equus, equī, m. noun horse

eram see sumergō adverb thereforeēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptus verb snatch, tearerrō, errāre, errāvī verb make a mistake longē errāre make a big mistakeērubēscō, ērubēscere, ērubuī verb blushērumpō, ērumpere, ērūpī, ēruptus verb break away, break outEryllus, Eryllī, m. noun Eryllusest, estō see sumēsuriō, ēsurīre verb be hungry

3 et conj and 33 et … et conj both … and 15 etiam conj even, also

nōn modo … sed etiam not only … but alsoeuge interj hurray! hurrah!

8 eum pronoun himeum see isEuphrosynē, Euphrosynēs, f. noun Euphrosyneevangelium, evangeliī, n. noun good news, gospelēvertō, ēvertere, ēvertī, ēversus verb overturnēvolō, ēvolāre, ēvolāvī verb fly out

4 ex + abl. prep from, out ofexanimātus, exanimāta, exanimātum adj unconscious

33 excipiō, excipere, excēpī, exceptus verb receive 13 excitō, excitāre, excitāvī, excitātus verb arouse, wake up, awaken 10 exclāmō, exclāmāre, exclāmāvī verb exclaim, shout

excruciō, excruciāre, excruciāvī, excruciātus verb torture, tormentexemplum, exemplī, n. noun example

3 exeō, exīre, exiī verb go outexerceō, exercēre, exercuī, exercitus verb exerciseexīstimō, exīstimāre, exīstimāvī, exīstimātus verb think, considerexitium, exitiī, n. noun ruin, destructionexpellō, expellere, expulī, expulsus verb drive out

25 explicō, explicāre, explicāvī, explicātus verb explainexplōrātor, explōrātōris, m. noun scout, spyexpōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositus verb unloadexpugnō, expugnāre, expugnāvī, expugnātus verb storm, take by stormexquīsītus, exquīsīta, exquīsītum adj special

3 exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāvī, exspectātus verb wait forexstinguō, exstinguere, exstīnxī, exstīnctus verb extinguish, destroy, put outexstruō, exstruere, exstrūxī, exstrūctus verb buildexsultō, exsultāre, exsultāvī verb exult, be triumphantexta, extōrum, n.pl. noun entrailsextorqueō, extorquēre, extorsī, extortus verb extort, take by force

25 extrā + acc. prep outsideextrahō, extrahere, extrāxī, extractus verb drag out, pull out, take outextrēmus, extrēma, extrēmum adj furthest extrēma pars edgeextulī see efferōexuō, exuere, exuī, exūtus verb take off

17 faber, fabrī, m. noun craftsman, workman, carpenter 5 fābula, fābulae, f. noun story, play

facēs see fax 8 facile adverb easily 17 facilis, facilis, facile adj easy

facinus, facinoris, n. noun crime 7 faciō, facere, fēcī, factus verb make, do

impetum facere charge, make an attack sēditiōnem facere revoltfactum, factī, n. noun deed, achievementfactus sum verb I becameFalernus, Falerna, Falernum adj Falernianfallō, fallere, fefellī, falsus verb deceivefalsum, falsī, n. noun lie, untruth

26 falsus, falsa, falsum adj false, untrue, dishonestfamēs, famis, f. noun hungerfamiliārissimus, familiārissimī, m. noun very close friend, relation, relativefaucēs, faucium, f.pl. noun passage, entrance-way

11 faveō, favēre, fāvī verb favour, supportfavor, favōris, m. noun favourfax, facis, f. noun torchfēcī see faciōfefellī see fallōfēlīx, fēlīx, fēlīx, gen. fēlīcis adj lucky, happy

5 fēmina, fēminae, f. noun womanfenestra, fenestrae, f. noun window

9 ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus verb bring, carry graviter ferre take badly

6 ferōciter adverb fiercely 8 ferōx, ferōx, ferōx, gen. ferōcis adj fierce, ferocious 13 fessus, fessa, fessum adj tired 6 festīnō, festīnāre, festīnāvī verb hurry

fēstus, fēsta, fēstum adj festival, holiday diēs fēstus, diēī fēstī, m noun holidayfībula, fībulae, f. noun brooch

14 fidēlis, fidēlis, fidēle adj faithful, loyal 26 fidēs, fideī, f. noun loyalty, trustworthiness

fidem servāre keep a promise, keep faithfīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxus verb fix, fastenfigūra, figūrae, f. noun figure, shape

1 fīlia, fīliae, f. noun daughter 1 fīlius, fīliī, m. noun son

fīxus see fīgōflagrō, flagrāre, flagrāvī verb blaze

12 flamma, flammae, f. noun flameFlāvius, Flāviī, m. noun Flavius

16 flōs, flōris, m. noun flower 24 flūmen, flūminis, n. noun river 19 fluō, fluere, flūxī verb flow 21 fōns, fontis, m. noun fountain, spring

fōrma, fōrmae, f. noun beauty, appearance 18 fortasse adverb perhaps 19 forte adverb by chance 6 fortis, fortis, forte adj brave, strong 12 fortiter adverb bravely

fortitūdō, fortitūdinis, f. noun couragefortūna, fortūnae, f. noun fortune, luckfortūnātus, fortūnāta, fortūnātum adj luckyforum, forī, n. noun forum, market-placeForum Rōmānum, Forī, Rōmānī, n. noun the Roman Forumfossa, fossae, f. noun ditchfragor, fragōris, m. noun crash

34 frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctus verb break 10 frāter, frātris, m. noun brother fraus, fraudis, f. noun trick

frōns, frontis, f. noun front 31 frūmentum, frūmentī, n. noun grain 12 frūstrā adverb in vain 33 fuga, fugae, f. noun escape 12 fugiō, fugere, fūgī verb run away, flee (from)

fugitīvus, fugitīvī, m. noun fugitivefuī see sumfulgeō, fulgēre, fulsī verb shine

22 fundō, fundere, fūdī, fūsus verb pour 12 fundus, fundī, m. noun farm

fūnis, fūnis, m. noun ropefūnus, fūneris, n. noun funeral

6 fūr, fūris, m. noun thieffurcifer, furciferī, m. noun scoundrelfurēns, furēns, furēns, gen. furentis adj furious, in a ragefūstis, fūstis, m. noun club, stickGāius, Gāiī, m. noun Gaiusgarriō, garrīre, garrīvī verb chatter, gossipgarum, garī, n. noun sauce

27 gaudeō, gaudēre verb be pleased, rejoice 34 gaudium, gaudiī, n. noun joy

gāza, gāzae, f. noun treasure 28 gemitus, gemitūs, m. noun groan

gemma, gemmae, f. noun gem, jewel 30 gēns, gentis, f. noun family, tribe

ubi gentium where in the world?genū, genūs, n. noun knee

23 gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus verb wear; wage 26 bellum gerere wage war, campaign

gladiator, gladiātōris, m. noun gladiator 8 gladius, gladiī, m. noun sword

Glitus, Glitī, m. noun Glitusglōria, glōriae, f. noun gloryglōriāns, glōriāns, glōriāns, gen. glōriantis adj boasting, boastfullyGnaeus, Gnaeī, m. noun GnaeusGraecia, Graeciae, f. noun GreeceGraecus, Graeca, Graecum adj Greekgranum, grānī, n. noun graingrātiae, grātiārum, f.pl. noun thanks

19 grātiās agere verb thank, give thanksgrātīs adverb freegrātulāns, grātulāns, grātulāns gen. grātulantis adj congratulatinggrātulor, grātulārī, grātulātus sum verb congratulate

21 gravis, gravis, grave adj heavy, serious 17 graviter adverb heavily, seriously, soundly

graviter dolēre be extremely painful graviter ferre take badlygustō, gustāre, gustāvī verb tasteGutta, Guttae, m. noun Guttaguttur, gutturis, n. noun throat

4 habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus verb have in animō habēre have in mind, intend in memoriā habēre keep in mind, remember prō certō habēre know for certain prō hostibus habēre consider as enemies sermōnem habēre have a conversation, talk

10 habitō, habitāre, habitāvī verb livehāc, hae, haec see hichaereō, haerēre, haesī verb stick, clinghaesitō, haesitāre, haesitāvī verb hesitatehanc see hicharuspex, haruspicis, m. noun soothsayerhās see hic

19 hasta, hastae, f. noun spearHateriānus, Hateriāna, Hateriānum adj belonging to HateriusHaterius, Hateriī, m. noun Haterius

34 haud adverb not 31 haudquāquam adverb not at all

hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustus verb drain, drink uphercle interj by Hercules! good heavens!Herculēs, Herculis, m. noun Herculeshērēs, hērēdis, m.f. noun heir

7 heri adverb yesterdayheus interj hey!

33 hīc adverb here, in this place 8 hic, haec, hoc pronoun this

hiems, hiemis, f. noun winterhilarē adverb in high spirits, merrilyhinc adverb from hereHispānia, Hispāniae, f. noun Spain

5 hodiē adverb today 9 homō, hominis, m. noun human being, man, person

homunculus, homunculī, m. noun little man, pip-squeak 23 honor, honōris, m. noun honour, public position

honōrō, honōrāre, honōrāvī, honōrātus verb honour 21 hōra, hōrae, f. noun hour

horreum, horreī, n. noun barn, granaryhortātus see hortor

34 hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum verb encourage, urge 1 hortus, hortī, m. noun garden 9 hospes, hospitis, m. noun guest, host 22 hostis, hostis, m.f. noun enemy 17 hūc adverb here, to this place

hūc illūc adverb here and there, up and downhuic, huius see hichuius pronoun of this (genitive of ‘hic’)

24 humī adverb on the groundhumilis, humile adj low-born, of low classhumum adverb to the ground

hunc see hic 12 iaceō, iacēre, iacuī verb lie 23 iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus verb throw 12 iam adverb now, already

iamdūdum adverb for a long time 3 iānua, iānuae, f. noun door

ībam see eō, īre 18 ibi adverb there

id pronoun it, thatid see is

I 31 īdem, eadem, idem pronoun the same 31 identidem adverb repeatedly

iecur, iecoris, n. noun liverIerosolyma, Ierosolymae, f. noun Jerusalem

12 igitur adverb therefore, and so 27 ignārus, ignāra, ignārum adj not knowing, unaware 8 ignāvus, ignāva, ignāvum adj lazy, cowardly

ignis, ignis, m. noun fireignōrō, ignōrāre, ignōrāvī verb not know about

32 ignōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī ( + dat.) verb forgive 9 ille, illa, illud pronoun that, he, she 19 illūc adverb there, to that place

hūc illūc here and there, up and downillūcēscō, illūcēscere, illūxī verb dawn, grow brightimitātus, imitāta, imitātum adj having imitatedimitor, imitārī, imitātus sum verb imitate, mimeimmineō, imminēre, imminuī ( + dat) verb hang overimmo adverb or ratherimmortālis, immortālis, immortāle adj immortal dī immortālēs! heavens above1immortālitās, immortālitātis, f. noun immortality

23 immōtus, immōta, immōtum adj still, motionlessimpatiēns, impatiēns, impatiēns, gen.

impatientis adj impatient 15 impediō, impedīre, impedīvī, impedītus verb delay, hinder

impellō, impellere, impulī, impulsus verb push, force 16 Imperātor, Imperātōris, m. noun the Emperor, Emperor

imperium, imperiī, n. noun empire 27 imperō, imperāre, imperāvī ( + dat.) verb order, command

impetus, impetūs, m. noun attack impetum facere charge, make an attackimpōnō, impōnere, imposuī, impositus verb impose, put into, put ontoimportō, importāre, importāvī, importātus verb importimprecātiō, imprecātiōnis, f. noun curseimpudēns, impudēns, impudēns, gen.

impudentis adj shameless 1 in + abl. prep in, on 1 in + acc. prep into, onto

inānis, ināne adj empty, meaningless 29 incēdō, incēdere, incessī verb march, stride 27 incendō, incendere, incendī, incēnsus verb burn, set on fire, set fire to

incēnsus, incēnsa, incēnsum adj inflamed, angeredincertus, incerta, incertum adj uncertainincidō, incidere, incidī verb fall

22 incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptus verb beginincitō, incitāre, incitāvī, incitātus verb urge on, encourageinclūsus, inclūsa, inclūsum adj shut up, imprisoned, trappedincurrō, incurrere, incurrī verb run onto, collide, bump intoinde adverb thenindicium, indiciī, n. noun sign, evidenceindignus, indigna, indignum adj unworthy, undeservedinduō, induere, induī, indūtus verb put oninest see insumīnfāns, īnfantis, m./f. noun baby, child

21 īnfēlīx, īnfēlīx, īnfēlīx, gen. īnfēlīcis adj unlucky 20 īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus verb bring in, bring on, bring against

iniūriam īnferre do an injustice, bring injuryīnfestus, īnfesta, īnfestum adj hostile, dangerous

īnfīgō, īnfīgere, īnfīxī, īnfīxus verb fasten ontoīnflīgō, īnflīgere, īnflīxī, īnflīctus verb inflictīnflō, īnflāre, īnflāvī verb blowīnfundō, īnfundere, īnfūdī, īnfūsus verb pour intoingenium, ingeniī, n. noun character

7 ingēns, ingēns, ingēns, gen. ingentis adj hugeingravēscō, ingravēscere verb grow worse

34 ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum verb enter 22 ingressus, ingressa, ingressum adj having entered

iniciō, inicere, iniēcī, iniectus verb throw ininimīcitia, inimīcitiae, f. noun feud, quarrelinimīcus, inimīcī, m. noun enemy

30 iniūria, iniūriae, f. noun injustice, injury iniūriam īnferre do an injustice, bring injuryinlātus see īnferōinnītor, innītī, innīxus sum verb lean, restinnīxus, innīxa, innīxum adj having leanedinnocēns, innocēns, innocēns, gen. innocentis adj innocentinopia, inopiae, f. noun povertyinquam verb I said

4 inquit verb says, saidīnsānia, īnsāniae, f. noun insanityīnsāniō, īnsānīre, īnsānīvī verb be mad, be insane, be crazyīnsānus, īnsāna, īnsānum adj mad, crazy, insaneīnscrībō, īnscrībere, īnscrīpsī, īnscrīptus verb write, inscribe

27 īnsidiae, īnsidiārum, f.pl. noun trap, ambushīnsolēns, īnsolēns, īnsolēns, gen. īnsolentis adj rude, insolentīnsolenter adverb rudely, insolently

9 īnspiciō, īnspicere, īnspexī, īnspectus verb look at, inspect, examine, search 26 īnstruō, īnstruere, īnstrūxī, īnstrūctus verb draw up, set up 17 īnsula, īnsulae, f. noun island; block of flats, apartment building

īnsula Tiberīna, īnsulae Tiberīnae, f. noun Tiber Islandīnsum, inesse, īnfuī verb be inside

7 intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctus verb understand rem intellegere understand the truth

6 intentē adverb closely, carefully 16 inter + acc. prep among, between

inter sē among themselves, with each other 24 intereā adverb meanwhile 13 interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectus verb kill

interrogō, interrogāre, interrogāvī, interrogātus verb questioninterrumpō, interrumpere, interrūpī, interruptus verb interrupt

2 intrō, intrāre, intrāvī verb enterintulī see īnferōintus adverb inside

10 inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventus verb findinvicem adverb in turn

11 invītō, invītāre, invītāvī, invītātus verb invite 17 invītus, invīta, invītum adj unwilling, reluctant

iō interj hurrah!iocus, iocī, m. noun jokeIovis see Iuppiter

14 ipse, ipsa, ipsum pronoun himself, herself, itself 28 īra, īrae, f. noun anger 3 īrātus, īrāta, īrātum adj angry

īre see eō, īreirrumpō, irrumpere, irrūpī, irruptus verb burst in, burst intois, ea, id pronoun he, she, it

14 iste, ista, istud pronoun that 16 ita adverb in this way 13 ita vērō yes

Ītalia, Ītaliae, f. noun Italy 17 itaque conj and so 19 iter, itineris, n. noun journey, progress, trip 9 iterum adverb again 21 iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus verb order

iussū Silvae at Silva’s orderIūcundus, Iūcundī, m. noun Iucundus

Iūdaeī, Iūdaeōrum, m.pl. noun JewsIūdaeus, Iūdaea, Iūdaeum adj Jewish

4 iūdex, iūdicis, m. noun judgeiūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātus verb judgeiugulum, iugulī, n. noun throatIūlius, Iūliī, m. noun IuliusIuppiter, Iovis, m. noun Jupiter (god of the sky, greatest of Roman

gods)iussī see iubeō

27 iussum, iussī, n. noun order, instructioniūstitia, iūstitiae, f. noun justice ēn iūstitia! so this is justice!iuvat, iuvāre verb please mē iuvat it pleases me

5 iuvenis, iuvenis, m. noun young maniuxtā + acc. prep next toL. noun Lūciuslabefaciō, labefacere, labefēcī, labefactus verb weakenlābor, lābī, lāpsus sum verb fall

32 labor, labōris, m. noun work, labour 1 labōrō, labōrāre, labōrāvī verb work

labrum, labrī, n. noun lip 22 lacrima, lacrimae, f. noun tear

lacrimīs effūsīs bursting into tears 7 lacrimō, lacrimāre, lacrimāvī verb weep, cry

lacus, lacūs, m. noun lakelacus Asphaltītēs, lacūs Asphaltītae, m. noun the Dead Sealaedō, laedere, laesī, laesus verb harmlaetē adverb happily

2 laetus, laeta, laetum adj happylānx, lancis, f. noun dishlāpsus see labor, lābī, lāpsus sumlatebrae, latebrārum, f.pl. noun hiding-place

25 lateō, latēre, latuī verb lie hiddenlater, lateris, m. noun brickLatīnī, Latīnōrum, m. pl noun the Latini (early tribe in Italy)latrō, latrōnis, m. noun robber, thugLatrō, Latrōnis, m. noun LatroLatrōniānus, Latrōniānī, m. noun Latronianuslātus, lāta, lātum adj wide

2 laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus verb praiselavō, lavāre, lāvī, lautus verb washlectīca, lectīcae, f. noun litter, sedan-chair, carrying-chair

15 lectus, lectī, m. noun couch, bed 26 lēgātus, lēgātī, m. noun commander (of a legion) 26 legiō, legiōnis, f. noun legion

lēgō, lēgāre, lēgāvī, lēgātus verb bequeath 11 legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus verb read

lēniō, lēnīre, lēnīvī, lēnītus verb soothe, calm downlēniter adverb gently

15 lentē adverb slowly 3 leō, leōnis, m. noun lion

lēx, lēgis, f. noun law 18 libenter adverb gladly 10 liber, librī, m. noun book 11 līberālis, līberāle adj generous

Līberālis, Līberālis, m. noun Liberalis 29 līberī, līberōrum, m.pl. noun children 20 līberō, līberāre, līberāvī, līberātus verb free, set free 32 lībertās, lībertātis, f. noun freedom 6 lībertus, lībertī, m. noun freedman, ex-slave

Licinius, Liciniī, m. noun Liciniuslīmen, līminis, n. noun threshold, doorwaylingua, linguae, f. noun tonguelittera, litterae, f. noun letterlīvidus, līvida, līvidum adj lead-coloured

19 locus, locī, m. noun place 23 locūtus, locūta, locūtum adj having spoken

longē adverb far, a long way longē errāre make a big mistakelongurius, longuriī, m. noun polelongus, longa, longum adj longloquāx, loquāx, loquāx, gen. loquācis adj talkative

34 loquor, loquī, locūtus sum verb speaklūbricus, lūbrica, lūbricum adj slipperylūcem see lūxlūceō, lūcēre, lūxī verb shinelucerna, lucernae, f. noun lampLūcius, Lūciī, m. noun Luciuslūdō, lūdere, lūsī verb play

33 lūdus, lūdī, m. noun gamelūgeō, lūgēre, lūxī verb lament, mourn, grieve

20 lūna, lūnae, f. noun moonlutum, lutī, n. noun mud

18, 29 lūx, lūcis, f. noun light, daylightM. noun Marcusmadidus, madida, madidum adj soaked through, drenchedMaeciānus, Maeciānī, m. noun Maecianusmagicus, magica, magicum adj magicmagis adverb more, rathermagis see magnoperemagister, magistrī, m. noun foreman, mastermagistrātus, magistrātūs, m. noun magistrate (elected official), public officialmagnificē adverb splendidly, magnificentlymagnificus, magnifica, magnificum adj splendid, magnificent

30 magnopere adverb greatly magis adverb more, rather

24 maximē adverb very greatly, very much, most of all 3 magnus, magna, magnum adj big, large, great

maior, maior, maius, gen. maiōris adj bigger, larger, greater 17 maximus, maxima, maximum adj very big, very large, very great, greatest

malignus, maligna, malignum adj spiteful 29 mālō, mālle, māluī verb prefer

mālim verb I would prefer 28 malus, mala, malum adj evil, bad

peior, peior, peius, gen. peiōris adj worse 20 pessimus, pessima, pessimum adj very bad, worst 23 mandātum, mandātī, n. noun instruction, order 28 mandō, mandāre, mandāvī, mandātus verb order, entrust, hand over 19 māne adverb in the morning 9 maneō, manēre, mānsī verb remain, stay 27 manus, manūs, f. noun hand; band (of men)

Marcius, Marciī, m. noun MarciusMarcus, Marcī, m. noun Marcusmargō, marginis, m. noun edge

14 marītus, maritī, m. noun husband marmor, marmoris, n. noun marble

Mārs, Mārtis, m. noun Mars (god of war)Masada, Masadae, f. noun Masada (a fortress in Judea)

massa, massae, f. noun block 1 māter, mātris, f. noun mother

mātrimōnium, mātrimōniī, n. noun marriagemātrōna, mātrōnae, f. noun lady

24 maximē adverb very greatly, very much, most of all 24 maximē see magnopere 17 maximus, maxima, maximum adj very big, very large, very great, greatest 17 maximus, maxima, maximum adj see magnus

Maximus, Maximī, m. noun Maximusmē pronoun see egomedicāmentum, medicāmentī, n. noun ointment, medicine, drugmedicus, medicī, m. noun doctor

9 medius, media, medium adj middle meī, meōrum, m.pl. noun my family 16 melior, melior, melius, gen. meliōris adj better 16 melior, melior, melius, gen. meliōris adj see bonus

melius est it would be betterMemmius, Memmiī, m. noun MemmiusMemor, Memoris, m. noun Memormemor, memor, memor, gen. memōris adj remembering, mindful ofmemoria, memoriae, f. noun memory in memoriā habēre keep in mind, remembermendāx, mendāx, mendāx, gen. mendācis adj lying, deceitfulmendīcus, mendīcī, m. noun beggarmēns, mentis, f. noun mind

32 mēnsa, mēnsae, f. noun tablemēnsis, mēnsis, m. noun month

2 mercātor, mercātōris, m. noun merchantmeritus, merita, meritum adj well-deservedMetellī, Metellōrum, m.pl. noun the Metelli (famous Roman family)

28 metus, metūs, m. noun fear 5 meus, mea, meum adj my, mine

meī, meōrum, m.pl. noun my family mī Haterī my dear Haterius mī Quīnte my dear Quintusmihi see ego

18 mīles, mīlitis, m. noun soldier 28 mīlia noun thousands

mīlitō, mīlitāre, mīlitāvī verb be a soldier 28 mīlle adj a thousand 28 mīlia noun thousands

Minerva, Minervae, f. noun Minerva 11 minimē adverb no, least, very little 22 minimus, minima, minimum adj very little, least

minor, minor, minus, gen. minōris adj less, smallerminor, minor, minus, gen. minōris adj see parvusminor, minārī, minātus sum verb threaten

12 mīrābilis, mīrābile adj extraordinary, strange, marvellousmīrus, mīra, mīrum adj extraordinary aliquid mīrī something extraordinarymisceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtus verb mix

15 miser, misera, miserum adj miserable, wretched, sad ō mē miserum! oh wretched me!

12 mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus verb sendModestus, Modestī, m. noun Modestus

34 modo adverb just, now, only modo … modo now … now nōn modo … sed etiam not only … but also

23 modus, modī, m. noun manner, way, kind 22 quō modō? how? in what way?

rēs huis modī a thing of this kindmolestus, molesta, molestum adj troublesomemolliō, mollīre, mollīvī, mollītus verb soothe

mollis, molle adj soft, gentlemōmentum, mōmentī, n. noun importance

22 moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus verb warn, advise 12 mōns, montis, m. noun mountain

mora, morae, f. noun delay 21 morbus, morbī, m. noun illness

moriendum verb necessary to diemoriēns, moriēns, moriēns, gen. morientis adj dying

34 morior, morī, mortuus sum verb die (eī) moriendum est (he) must diemoritūrus, moritūra, moritūrum adj going to diemoror, morārī, morātus sum verb delay

20 mors, mortis, f. noun death 7 mortuus, mortua, mortuum adj dead

mortuus see moriormōs, mōris, m. noun custommōtus, mōtūs, m. noun movement

33 moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus verb move 9 mox adverb soon 5 multī, multae, multa adj many

multitūdō, multitūdinis, f. noun crowd

multō much 5 multus, multa, multum adj much 5 multī, multae, multa adj many

plūs, plūs, plūs, gen. plūris adj more 19 plurimus, plurima, plurimum adj very much, most 19 plurimī, plurimae, plurima adj very many, most

mūnītiō, mūnītiōnis, f. noun defence, fortification 11 murus, mūrī, m. noun wall

mūs, mūris, m./f. noun mousemussitō, mussitāre, mussitāvī verb murmurmūtātiō, mūtātiōnis, f. noun posting station, way stationMyropnous, m. noun Myropnousnactus, nacta, nactum adj having seized

18 nam conj for 7 nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātus verb tell, relate

rem nārrāre tell the story 34 nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum verb be born

(diēs) nātālis, (diēī) nātālis, m birthday trīgintā annōs nātus thirty years oldnāsus, nāsī, m. noun nosenātālis, nātālis, nātāle adj of birth, birthday, natal

30 nātus, nāta, nātum adj bornnātus, nātūs, m. noun birth nātū maximus eldest

15 nauta, nautae, m. noun sailor 16 nāvigō. nāvigāre, nāvigāvī verb sail 3 nāvis, nāvis, f. noun ship 31 nē conj that ... not, so that ... not 32 nē … quidem adverb not even 32 nec conj and not, nor

utrum … necne whether … or not 32 nec … nec conj neither … nor 14 necesse adverb necessary 7 necō, necāre, necāvī, necātus verb kill

neglegēns, neglegēns, neglegēns, gen. neglegentis adj careless, taking no notice of

31 neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, neglēctus verb neglect, ignore, disregard 17 negōtium, negōtiī, n. noun business 17 negōtium agere do business, work 18 nēmō, m. noun no one, nobody

neque conj and not, nor 24 neque … neque conj neither … nor 25 nescio, nescīre, nescīvī verb not know

niger, nigra, nigrum adj blackNigrīna, Nigrīnae, f. noun Nigrina

7 nihil noun nothingnihilōminus adverb nevertheless

30 nimis adverb too 23 nimium, nimiī, n. noun too much 33 nisi conj except, unless 30 nōbilis, nōbilis, nōbile adj noble, of noble birth

nōbīs see nōsnocēns, nocēns, nocēns, gen. nocēntis adj guilty

27 noceō, nocēre, nocuī ( + dat) verb hurt, harmnoctis see noxnoctū adverb by night

13 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī verb not want, refuse nōlī, nōlīte verb do not, don’t

25 nōmen, nōminis, n. noun name 3 nōn adverb not

nōndum adverb not yet 16 nōnne? adverb surely? 21 nōnnūllī, nōnnūllae, nōnnūlla adj some, several

nōnus, nōna, nōnum adj ninth 10 nōs pronoun we, us 11 noster, nostra, nostrum adj our 26 nōtus, nōta, nōtum adj known, well-known, famous 20 novem adj nine

19 nōvī verb I know 13 novus, nova, novum adj new 22 nox, noctis, f. noun night

noctū by night 13 nūllus, nūlla, nūllum adj not any, no 14 num? adverb surely ... not? 26 num conj whether

numerō, numerāre, numerāvī, numerātus verb count 33 numerus, numerī, m. noun number 17 numquam adverb never 11 nunc adverb now 10 nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātus verb announce 8 nūntius, nūntiī, m. noun messenger, news, message 21 nūper adverb recently

nusquam adverb nowhereō interj o!obdormiō, obdormīre, obdormīvī verb go to sleep, fall asleepobeō, obīre, obiī (+ dat.) verb meet, go to meetobēsus, obēsa, obēsum adj fatobiciō, obicere, obiēcī, obiectus verb presentoblītus, oblīta, oblītum adj having forgottenobscūrus, obscūra, obscūrum adj dark, gloomyobstinātiō, obstinātiōnis, f. noun stubbornness, obstinacyobstinātus, obstināta, obstinātum adj obstinate, stubborn

18 obstō, obstāre, obstitī (+ dat.) verb obstruct, block the wayobstupefaciō, obstupefacere, obstupefēcī,

obstupefactus verb amaze, stun 9 obtulī verb see offerō

obviam adverb towards, against; to meet obviam eō, obviam īre, obviam iī (+ dat.) meet, go to meetoccāsiō, occāsiōnis, f. noun opportunity

28 occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsus verb killoccidō, occidere, occidī verb setoccupātus, occupāta, occupātum adj busyoccupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātus verb seize, take overoccurrō, occurrere, occurrī verb meet

28 octōgintā adj eighty 20 oculus, oculī, m. noun eye 29 ōdī verb I hate

ōdiō sum, ōdiō esse be hatefulodium noun hatred

9 offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātus verb offeroleum, oleī, n. noun oil

6 ōlim adverb once, some time agoOlympus, Olympī, m. noun Olympusōmen, ōminis, n. noun omen (sign from the gods)

30 omnīnō adverb completely 7 omnis, omnis, omne adj all

omnia all, everything 28 opēs, opum, f.pl. noun money, wealth

oportet, oportēre, oportuit verb be right mē oportet I must

21 oppidum, oppidī, n. noun town 23 opprimō, opprimere, oppressī, oppressus verb crush, overwhelm 24 oppugnō, oppugnāre, oppugnāvī, oppugnātus verb attack 12 optimē adverb very well 12 optimē adverb see bene 5 optimus, optima, optimum adj very good, excellent, best 5 optimus, optima, optimum adj see bonus

optiō, optiōnis, m. noun optio (military officer ranking below centurion) 30 opus, operis, n. noun work, construction

ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis, f. noun speechorbis, orbis, m. noun globe orbis terrārum worldōrdō, ōrdinis, m. noun row, lineorior, orīrī, ortus sum verb riseōrnāmentum, ōrnāmentī, n. noun ornament, decoration; badge of officeōrnātus, ōrnāta, ōrnātum adj decorated, elaborately furnished

23 ōrnō, ōrnāre, ōrnāvī, ōrnātus verb decorate 31 ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī verb beg

ōs, ōris, n. noun faceōsculum, ōsculī, n. noun kiss

9 ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentus verb showostentō, ostentāre, ostentāvī, ostentātus verb show off, display

32 ōtiōsus, ōtiōsa, ōtiōsum adj idle, on holiday, on vacation, at leisure 12 paene adverb nearly, almost

pallēscō, pallēscere, palluī verb grow palepallidus, pallida, pallidum adj palepallium, palliī, n. noun cloakpantomīmus, pantomīmī, m. noun pantomimus, pantomime actor, dancerPapīrius, Papīriī, m. noun Papiriusparātus, parāta, parātum adj ready, prepared

22 parcō, parcere, pepercī (+ dat) verb spareparēns, parentis, m./f. noun parent

23 pāreō, pārēre, pāruī (+ dat) verb obeyParis, Paridis, m. noun Paris

7 parō, parāre, parāvī, parātus verb prepare 18 pars, partis, f. noun part

extrēma pars edge in prīmā parte in the forefront

6 parvus, parva, parvum adj small, little minor, minor, minus, gen. minōris adj less, smaller

22 minimus, minima, minimum adj very little, least 24 passus, passa, passum adj having suffered

pastor, pāstōris, m. noun shepherdi 24 patefaciō, patefacere, patefēcī, patefactus verb reveal 1 pater, patris, m. noun father patera, paterae, f. noun bowl

patientia, patientiae, f. noun patience 34 patior, patī, passus sum verb suffer, endure

patrōnus, patrōnī, m. noun patron 17 paucī, paucae, pauca adj few, a few

paulīsper adverb for a short timepaulō/paulum adverb a little

32 pauper, pauper, pauper, gen. pauperis noun poorpauper, pauperis, m. noun a poor man

30 pavor, pavōris, m. noun panic 10 pāx, pācis, f. noun peace 4 pecūnia, pecūniae, f. noun money

pedem see pēspeior see maluspendeō, pendēre, pependī verb hang

6 per + acc. prep through, alongpercutiō, percutere, percussī, percussus verb strikeperdomitus, perdomita, perdomitum adj conquered

16 pereō, perīre, periī verb die, perish 29 perficiō, perficere, perfēcī, perfectus verb finish

perfidia, perfidiae, f. noun treacheryperfidus, perfida, perfidum adj treacherous, untrustworthyperfodiō, perfodere, perfōdī, perfossus verb pick (teeth)perfuga, perfugae, m. noun deserterperīculōsus, perīculōsa, perīculōsum adj dangerous

19 perīculum, perīculī, n. noun dangerperiī see pereōperītē adverb skilfully

25 perītus, perīta, perītum adj skilfulpermōtus, permōta, permōtum adj alarmed, disturbedperpetuus, perpetua, perpetuum adj perpetual, everlasting in perpetuum foreverperrumpō, perrumpere, perrūpī, perruptus verb burst through, burst inpersecūtus, persecūta, persecūtum adj having pursuedpersōna, persōnae, f. noun characterperstō, perstāre, perstitī verb persist

20 persuādeō, persuādēre, persuāsī verb persuadeperterreō, perterrēre, perterruī, perterritus verb terrify

4 perterritus, perterrita, perterritum adj terrified

perturbō, perturbāre, perturbāvī, perturbātus verb disturb, alarm 17 perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī verb reach, arrive at 8 pēs, pedis, m. noun foot, paw

pessimē adverb very badly 20 pessimus, pessima, pessimum adj very bad, worst 20 pessimus, pessima, pessimum adj see malus

pestis, pestis, f. noun pest, scoundrelpetauristārius, petauristāriī, m. noun acrobat

5, 18 petō, petere, petīvī, petītus verb make for, attack; seek, beg for, ask forphilosopha, philosophae, f. noun (female) philosopherphilosophia, philosophiae, f. noun philosophyphilosophus, philosophī, m. noun philosopherpīpiō, pīpiāre, pīpiāvī verb chirp

11 placet, placēre, placuit verb please, suit 5 plaudō, plaudere, plausī, plausus verb applaud, clap

plaustrum, plaustrī, n. noun wagon, cartplausus, plausūs, m. noun applause

21 plēnus, plēna, plēnum adj fullpluit, pluere, pluit verb rainplūrimī, plūrimae, plūrima adj very manyplūrimus, plūrima, plūrimum adj mostplūrimus, plūrima, plūrimum adj see multus

21 plūs, plūris noun morepōculum, pōculī, n. noun wine-cup, cup

25 poena, poenae, f. noun punishment 25 poenās dare pay the penalty, be punished 4 poēta, poētae, f. noun poet

poliō, polīre, polīvī, polītus verb polishpolliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum verb promisepolyspaston, polyspastī, n. noun cranepompa, pompae, f. noun processionPompēiānus, Pompēiāna, Pompēiānum adj Pompeian

16 pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus verb place, put, put up 24 pōns, pontis, m. noun bridge

poposcī see poscō 29 populus, populī, m. noun people

porrō adverb what’s more, furthermore 8 porta, portae, f. noun gate

porticus, porticī, m. noun colonnade 3 portō, portāre, portāvī, portātus verb carry 10 portus, portūs, m. noun harbour 19 poscō, poscere, poposcī verb demand, ask for 16 positus see ponō

possideō, possidēre, possēdī, possessus verb possess 13 possum, posse, potuī verb can, be able post adverb after 9 post + acc. prep after, behind 18 posteā adverb afterwards

posterī, posterōrum, m.pl. noun future generations, posteritypostīcum, postīcī, n. noun back gate

6 postquam conj after, whenpostrēmō adverb finally, lastly

16 postrīdiē adverb on the next day 8 postulō, postulāre, postulāvī, postulātus verb demand 16 posuī see ponō

potēns, potēns, potēns, gen. potentis adj powerfulpotential, potentiae, f. noun power

33 potestās, potestātis, f. noun powerpotius adverb ratherpotuī see possum

26 praebeō, praebēre, praebuī, praebitus verb offer, provide 27 praeceps, praeceps, praeceps, gen. praecipitis adj headlong, rash

praecipitō, praecipitāre, praecipitāvī verb hurlpraecō, praecōnis, m. noun herald, announcerpraeda, praedae, f. noun booty, plunder, lootpraedīcō, praedīcere, praedīxī, praedictus verb foretell, predictpraeficiō, praeficere, praefēcī, praefectus verb put in charge

27 praemium, praemiī, n. noun prize, reward, profit

praeruptus, praerupta, praeruptum adj sheer, steeppraesēns, praesēns, praesēns. gen. praesentis adj present, readypraesertim adverb especiallypraestō, praestāre, praestitī verb show, displaypraesum, praeesse, praefuī (+ dat.) verb be in charge ofpraeter + acc. prep exceptpraetereā adverb besidespraetereō, praeterīre, praeteriī verb go past, pass bypraetōriānus, praetōriānī, m. noun praetorian (member of the emperor’s

bodyguard)praetōrius, praetōria, praetōrium adj praetorian ōrnāmenta praetōria honorary praetorship, honorary rank of praetorprāvus, prāva, prāvum adj evil

22 precātus, precāta, precātum adj having prayed (to)precēs, precum, f.pl. noun prayers

34 precor, precārī, precātus sum verb pray (to)prēnsō, prēnsāre, prēnsāvī, prēnsātus verb take hold of, clutchpretiōsus, pretiōsa, pretiōsum adj expensive, preciousprīmō adverb first, at first

11 prīmus, prīma, prīmum adj first in prīmā parte in the forefront in prīmīs in particularPrīmus, Prīmī, m. noun Primus

15 prīnceps, prīncipis, m. noun chief, chieftainprīncipia, prīncipiōrum, n.pl. noun headquarters

29 prius adverb earlier 34 priusquam conj before, until

Prīvātus, Prīvātī, m. noun Privatus 18 prō + abl. prep in front of, for, in return for

prō certō habēre know for certainprobus, proba, probum adj honest

9 prōcēdō, prōcēdere, prōcessī verb advance, proceed, step forward 34 procul adverb far off

prōcumbō, prōcumbere, prōcubuī verb fall downprōcūrātor, prōcūrātōris, m. noun managerprōditor, prōditōris, m. noun traitorprōdō, prōdere, prōdidī, prōditus verb betray

32 profectus, profecta, profectum adj having set out 34 proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum verb set out 34 prōgredior, prōgredī, prōgressus sum verb advance 31 prōgressus, prōgressa, prōgressum adj having advanced

prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitus verb prevent 11 prōmittō, prōmittere, prōmīsī, prōmissus verb promise

prōmoveō, prōmovēre, prōmōvī, prōmōtus verb promoteprōnūntiō, prōnūntiāre, prōnūntiāvī,

prōnūntiātus verb proclaim, preach 7 prope + acc. prep near

prophēta, prophētae, m. noun prophetprōpōnō, prōpōnere, prōposuī, prōpositus verb propose, put forwardprōsiliō, prōsilīre, prōsiluī verb leap forward, jumpprōspectus, prōspectūs, m. noun viewprōspiciō, prōspicere, prōspexī verb look outprōvincia, prōvinciae, f. noun province

27 proximus, proxima, proximum adj nearest, next toprūdēns, prūdēns, prūdēns, gen. prūdentis adj shrewd, intelligent, sensibleprūdentia, prūdentiae, f. noun shrewdness, intelligence, good sensepsittacus, psittacī, m. noun parrotpūblicus, pūblica, pūblicum adj publicPūblicus, Pūblicī, m. noun Publicus

5 puella, puellae, f. noun girl 8 puer, puerī, m. noun boy

pugiō, pugiōnis, m. noun dagger 11 pugna, pugnae, f. noun fight 8 pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī verb fight 9 pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum adj beautiful, handsome 6 pulsō, pulsāre, pulsāvī, pulsātus verb hit, knock on, whack, punch

pūmiliō, pūmiliōnis, m. noun dwarf 16 pūniō, pūnīre, pūnīvī, pūnītus verb punish

pūrgō, pūrgāre, pūrgāvī, pūrgātus verb cleanpūrus, pūra, pūrum adj pure, clean, spotlesspyra, pyrae, f. noun pyrequā see quī

20, 28 quadrāgintā adj fortyquae see quīquaedam see quīdam

4 quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītus verb search for, look for 27 quālis, quāle adj what sort of; what sort of man? 10, 14 quam adverb how

quam celer how fastquam adverb as … as possible quam celerrimē as fast as possible

10 quam adverb than celerior quam faster thanquam see quī

14 quamquam conj althoughquandō conj when

22 quantus, quanta, quantum adj how big 30 quārē? adverb why?

quārtus, quārta, quārtum adj fourth 34 quasi adverb as if 20, 28 quattuor adj four 14 -que conj and

quendam see quīdam 15 quī, quae, quod pronoun who, which, what 33 quia conj because 28 quicquam see quisquam

quid? see quis?quid vīs? see quis?

32 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam pronoun one, a certainquidem adverb indeed

32 nē … quidem not evenquiēs, quiētis, f. noun restquiēscō, quiēscere, quiēvī verb restquiētus, quiēta, quiētum adj quietquīngentī, quīngentae, quīngenta adj five hundred

20, 28 quīnquāgintā adj fifty 20, 28 quīnque adj five

quīntus, quīnta, quīntum adj fifthQuīntus, Quīntī, m. noun Quintus

4 quis? quid? pronoun who? what? quid vīs? what do you want?

28 quisquam, quicquam/quidquam pronoun anyone, anythingquisque, quaeque, quidque pronoun each one

18 quō? adverb where? where to? to whichquō see quīquō modō? how? in what way?

6 quod conj becausequod see quī

2 quoque conj also, too 26 quot? adj how many?

quotiēns adverb whenever Rabīrius, Rabīriī, m. noun Rabirius 31 rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptus verb seize, grab

raptim adverb hastily, quicklyratiō, ratiōnis, f. noun sum, additionratiōnēs, ratiōnum, f.pl. noun accounts ratiōnēs subdūcere draw up accounts, write up accountsraucus, rauca, raucum adj harshrē see rēsrebellō, rebellāre, rebellāvī verb rebel, revolt

17 recipiō, recipere, recēpī, receptus verb recover, take back sē recipere recoverrecitō, recitāre, recitāvī, recitātus verb reciterecumbō, recumbere, recubuī verb lie down, recline

18 recūsō, recūsāre, recūsāvī, recūsātus verb refuse 4 reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus verb give back, make

redēmptor, redēmptōris, m. noun contractor, builder 15 redeō, redīre, rediī verb return, go back, come back

redeundum est vōbīs you must returnreditus, reditūs, m. noun returnredūcō, redūcere, redūxī, reductus verb lead backreferō, referre, rettulī, relātus verb bring back, carry, deliver, tell, report pedem referre step back

33 reficiō, reficere, refēcī, refectus verb repair 33 rēgīna, rēgīnae, f. noun queen

Rēgnēnsēs, Rēgnēnsium, m.pl. noun Regnenses (a British tribe)rēgnō, rēgnāre, rēgnāvī verb reign

26 rēgnum, rēgnī, n. noun kingdom 34 regredior, regredī, regressus sum verb go back, return 23 regressus, regressa, regressum adj having returned

relēgō, relēgāre, relēgāvī, relēgātus verb exile 20 relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relictus verb leave

reliquus, reliqua, reliquum adj remainingrem see rēsremedium, remediī, n. noun cureremittō, remittere, remīsī, remissus verb send backrepetō, repetere, repetīvī, repetītus verb claimrēpō, rēpere, rēpsī verb crawl

6 rēs, rēī, f. noun thing, business, affair rē vērā in fact, truly, really rem administrāre manage the task rem cogitāre consider the problem rem cōnficere finish the job rem intellegere understand the truth rem nārrāre tell the story rem suscipere undertake the task

32 rēs adversae misfortune rēs contrāria the opposite rēs huius modī a matter of this kind

17 resistō, resistere, restitī (+ dat.) verb resistrespiciō, respicere, respexī verb look at, look upon

3 respondeō, respondēre, respondī verb replyrespōnsum, respōnsī, n. noun answerresurgō, resurgere, resurrēxī verb rise againretineō, retinēre, retinuī, retentus verb keep, hold backretrō adverb backrettulī see referō

9 reveniō, revenīre, revēnī verb come back, returnrevertor, revertī, reversus sum verb turn back, returnrevocō, revocāre, revocāvī, revocātus verb recall, call back

14 rēx, rēgis, m. noun kingrhētor, rhētoris, m. noun teacher

3 rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī verb laugh, smilerīdiculus, rīdicula, rīdiculum adj ridiculous, sillyrīpa, rīpae, f. noun river bankrīsus, rīsūs, m. noun smile

7 rogō, rogāre, rogāvī, rogātus verb askRōma, Rōmae, f. adverb Rome Rōmae at RomeRōmānī, Rōmānōrum, m.pl. noun Romans ēn Rōmānī! so these are the Romans!Rōmānus, Rōmāna, Rōmānum adj Romanrosa, rosae, f. noun roseRubria, Rubriae, f. noun RubriaRūfilla, Rūfillae, f. noun RufillaRūfus, Rūfī, m. noun Rufusrumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptus verb break, split

13 ruō, ruere, ruī verb rushrūpēs, rūpis, f. noun rock, crag

25 rūrsus adverb againSabīnus, Sabīnī, m. noun Sabinussaccārius, saccāriī, m. noun docker, dock-worker

21 sacer, sacra, sacrum adj sacred 15 sacerdōs, sacerdōtis, m.f. noun priest

sacerdōtium, sacerdōtiī, n. noun priesthoodsacrificium, sacrificiī, n. noun offering, sacrificesacrificō, sacrificāre, sacrificāvī, sacrificātus verb sacrifice

8 saepe adverb oftensaeviō, saevīre, saeviī verb be in a rage

26 saevus, saeva, saevum adj savage, cruelsaltātrīx, saltātrīcis, f. noun dancing-girlsaltō, saltāre, saltāvī verb dance

29 salūs, salūtis, f. noun safety, healthsalūtātiō, salūtātiōnis, f. noun the morning visit ( made by by clients to a

patron) 2 salūtō, salūtāre, salūtāvī, salūtātus verb greet 3 salvē interj hello!

Salvius, Salviī, m. noun Salviussānē adverb obviously

8 sanguis, sanguinis, m. noun bloodsānō, sānāre, sānāvī, sānātus verb heal, cure, treatsānus, sāna, sānum adj well, healthy

21 sapiēns, sapiēns, sapiēns, gen. sapientis adj wisesapientia, sapientiae, f. noun wisdomsarcinae, sarcinārum, f.pl. noun bags, luggage

4 satis adverb enough 30 saxum, saxī, n. noun rock

scaena, scaenae, f. noun stage, scenescālae, scālārum, f.pl. noun ladders

25 scelestus, scelesta, scelestum adj wicked 29 scelus, sceleris, n. noun crime

scīlicet adverb obviously 31 scindō, scindere, scidī, scissus verb tear, tear up 23 scio, scīre, scīvī verb know

Scīpiōnēs, Scīpiōnum, m.pl. noun the Scipiones (famous Roman family)scrība, scrībae, m. noun scribe, secretary

6 scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptus verb writesculpō, sculpere, sculpsī, sculptus verb carvescurrīlis, scurrīle adj rude, impudent

13 sē pronoun himself, herself, themselves inter sē among themselves, with each other sēcum with him, with her, with them sēcum cogitāre consider to oneself

30 secō, secāre, secuī, sectus verb cut, carvesēcrētus, sēcrēta, sēcrētum adj secretsecundus, secunda, secundum adj secondsecūris, secūris, f. noun axe

32 secūtus, secūta, secūtum adj having followed 4 sed conj but 1 sedeō, sedēre, sēdī verb sit

sēdēs, sēdis, f. noun seatsēditiō, sēditiōnis, f. noun rebellion sēditiōnem facere revoltsella, sellae, f. noun chairsēmirutus, sēmiruta, sēmirutum adj rickety

10 semper adverb always 11 senātor, senātōris, m. noun senator

senectus, senectūtis, f. noun old age 5 senex, senis, m. noun old man

sententia, sententiae, f. noun opinionsentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsus verb feel, noticesepeliō, sepelīre, sepelīvī, sepultus verb bury

20, 28 septem adj sevenseptimus, septima, septimum adj seventh

28 septuāgintā adj seventysepulcrum, sepulcrī, n. noun tombsequēns, gen. sequentis adj following

34 sequor, sequī, secūtus sum verb followserēnus, serēna, serēnum adj calm, clearsermō, sermōnis, m. noun conversation sermōnem habēre have a conversation, talkserviō, servīre, servīvī verb serve (as a slave)

servitūs, servitūtis, f. noun slavery 10 servō, servāre, servāvī, servātus verb save, look after, preserve

fidem servāre keep a promise, keep faith 1 servus, servī, m. noun slave

sēstertius, sēstertiī, m. noun sesterce (coin) sēstertium vīciēns two million sestercessevērus, sevēra, sevērum adj severe, strict

20, 28 sex adj six 26 sī conj if

sibi see sē 28 sīc adverb thus, in this way

siccō, siccāre, siccāvī, siccātus verb dry 20 sīcut adverb like

significō, significāre, significāvī, significātus verb mean, indicatesignō, signāre, signāvī, signātus verb sign, seal

4 signum, signī, n. noun sign, seal, signalSīlānus, Sīlānī, m. noun Silanussilentium, silentiī, n. noun silencesileō, silēre, siluī verb be silent

8 silva, silvae, f. noun woodSilva, Silvae, m. noun SilvaSimōn, Simōnis, m. noun Simonsimul adverb at the same time

16 simulac, simulatque adverb as soon as 34 sine + abl. prep without

situs, sita, situm adj situated 30 sōl, sōlis, m. noun sun

sōlācium, sōlāciī, n. noun comfort 18 soleō, solēre verb be accustomed 11 sollicitus, sollicita, sollicitum adj worried, anxious

sōlum adverb only nōn sōlum … sed etiam not only … but also

10 sōlus, sōla, sōlum adj alone, lonely, only, on one’s ownsolūtus, solūta, solūtum adj relaxed

34 sonitus, sonitūs, m. noun soundsordidus, sordida, sordidum adj dirty

30 soror, sorōris, f. noun sistersors, sortis, f. noun lot sorte ductus chosen by lotspargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsus verb scatter

8 spectāculum, spectāculī, n. noun show, spectaclespectātor, spectātōris, m. noun spectator

5 spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātus verb look at, watch 29 spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētus verb despise, reject 31 spērō, spērāre, spērāvī verb hope, expect 28 spēs, spēī, f. noun hope

spīna, spīnae, f. noun thorn, toothpick; central platform of a racetracksplendidus, splendida, splendidum adj splendidsportula, sportulae, f. noun handout (gift of food or money)squālidus, squālida, squālidum adj covered with dirt, filthystābam see stō

8 statim adverb at oncestatiō, statiōnis, f. noun poststatua, statuae, f. noun statuestatūra, statūrae, f. noun heightstēlla, stēllae, f. noun starsternō, sternere, strāvī, strātus verb lay low, flatten

5 stō, stāre, stetī verb stand, lie at anchorStōicus, Stōicī, m. noun Stoic (believer in Stoic philosophy)stola, stolae, f. noun (long) dressstrēnuē adverb hard, energeticallystrepitus, strepitūs, m. noun noise, dinStrȳthiō, Strȳthiōnis, m. noun Strythiostudium, studiī, n. noun enthusiasm, zealstultitia, stultitiae, f. noun stupidity

11 stultus, stulta, stultum adj stupid, foolish 25 suāvis, suāve adj sweet

suāviter adverb sweetly

27 sub + abl./acc. prep under, beneathsubdūcō, subdūcere, subdūxī, subductus verb draw up ratiōnēs subdūcere draw up accounts, write up accounts

6 subitō adverb suddenlysublātus see tollōsubscrībō, subscrībere, subscrīpsī, subscrīptus verb signsubterrāneus, subterrānea, subterrāneum adj undergroundSubūra, Subūrae, f. noun the Subura (a noisy and crowded district)

32 subveniō, subvenīre, subvēnī (+ dat.) verb help, come to helpsuffīgō, suffīgere, suffīxī, suffīxus verb nail, fastensuī, suōrum, m.pl. noun his men, his family, their familiesSūlis, Sūlis, f. noun Sulis (goddess)

1 sum, esse, fuī verb be estō! be!

16 summus, summa, summum adj highest, greatest, topsūmptuōsē adverb lavishlysūmptuōsus, sūmptuōsa, sūmptuōsum adj expensive, lavishsuperbē adverb arrogantly

31 superbus, superba, superbum adj arrogant, proud 6 superō, superāre, superāvī, superātus verb overcome, overpower

superstes, superstitis, m. noun survivor 3 surgō, surgere, surrēxī verb get up, rise

suscipiō, suscipere, suscēpī, susceptus verb undertake, take on 28 suspicātus, suspicāta, suspicātum adj having suspected

suspīciō, suspīciōnis, f. noun suspicionsuspīciōsus, suspīciōsa, suspīciōsum adj suspicious

34 suspicor, suspicārī, suspicātus sum verb suspectsuspīrium, suspīriī, n. noun heart-throbsustulī see tollōsusurrō, susurrāre, susurrāvī verb whisper, mutter, mumble

10 suus, sua, suum adj his, her, their, his own, their own suī, suōrum, m.pl. noun his men, his family, their familiesT. noun Titus

3 taberna, tabernae, f. noun shop, inntabernārius, tabernāriī, m. noun store-owner, storekeeper tablīnum, tablīnō, n. noun studytabula, tabulae, f. noun tablet, writing tablet

10 taceō, tacēre, tacuī verb be silent, be quiet tacē! verb shut up! be quiet!

7 tacitē adverb quietly, silently 27 tacitus, tacita, tacitum adj quiet, silent, in silence

taedet, taedēre, taeduit verb be tiring mē taedet I am tired, I am bored

23 tālis, tālis, tale adj such tālis … quālis such … as

20 tam adverb so 7 tamen conj however

tamquam adverb as, like 12 tandem adverb at last

tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctus verb touchtantum adverb only

27 tantus, tanta, tantum adj so great, such a greattapēte, tapētis, n. noun tapestry, wall-hangingtardius adverb too latetardus, tarda, tardum adj latetaurus, taurī, m. noun bulltē see tūtēctum, tēctī, n. noun ceiling, rooftēgula, tēgulae, f. noun tiletemperāns, temperāns, temperāns, gen.

temperantis adj temperate, self-controlledtempestās, temestātis, f. noun storm

1 12 templum, templī, n. noun temple 20 temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātus verb try, put the test 31 tempus, temporis, n. noun time

tenebrae, tenebrārum, f.pl. noun darkness 15 teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus verb hold, own 12, 20 tergum, tergī, n. noun back

12 terra, terrae, f. noun ground, land orbis terrārum world

7 terreō, terrēre, terruī, territus verb frightenterribilis, terribilis, terribile adj terribletertius, tertia, tertium adj thirdtestāmentum, testāmentī, n. noun will

25 testis, testis, m./f. noun witnesstheātrum, theātrī, n. noun theatrethermae, thermārum, f.pl. noun bathsTiberis, Tiberis, m. noun river TiberTiberius, Tiberiī, m. noun Tiberiustibi see tūtībia, tībiae, f. noun pipe tībīis cantāre play on the pipestībīcen, tībīcinis, m. noun pipe playertignum, tignī, n. noun beam

12 timeō, timēre, timuī verb be afraid, feartimidē adverb nervously, fearfullytimidus, timida, timidum adj fearful, frightened

30 timor, timōris, m. noun feartintinō, tintināre, tintināvī verb ringtitulus, titulī, m. noun notice, slogan, inscription, labelTitus, Titī, m. noun Titustoga, togae, f. noun toga

16 tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus verb raise, lift up, hold uptormentum, tormentī, n. noun torturetorqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortus verb torture, twist

19 tot adj so many 8 tōtus, tōta, tōtum adj whole 9 trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus verb hand over 13 trahō, trahere, trāxī, tractus verb drag

tranquillē adverb peacefullytrans + acc. prep across

24 trānseō, trānsīre, trānsiī verb crosstrānsfīgō, trānsfīgere, trānsfīxī, trānsfīxus verb pierce, stabtrānsiliō, trānsilīre, trānsiluī verb jump throughtremō, tremere, tremuī verb tremble, shake

28 trēs, tria adj threetribūnal, tribūnālis, n. noun platformtribūnus, tribūnī, m. noun tribune (high-ranking officer)trīciēns adverb thirty timestrīciēns sēstertium three million sestercestriclīnium, triclīniī, n. noun dining-room

20, 28 trīgintā adj thirtytripodes, tripodum, m.pl. noun tripods

24 trīstis, trīstis, trīste adj sad 4 tū, tuī pronoun you (singular)

tēcum with you (singular)tuba, tubae, f. noun trumpettubicen, tubicinis, m. noun trumpeter

6 tum adverb thentum dēmum adverb then at last, only thentunica, tunicae, f. noun tunic

5 turba, turbae, f. noun crowd 22 tūtus, tūta, tūtum adj safe 6 tuus, tua, tuum adj your, yours (singular)

Tychicus, Tychicī, m. noun TychicusTyrius, Tyria, Tyrium adj Tyrian (colored with dye from the city of Tyre)

5, 14 ubi adverb where, when 29 ubīque adverb everywhere

ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus sum verb take revenge onūllus, ūlla, ūllum adj any

26 ultimus, ultima, ultimum adj furthest, lastultiō, ultiōnis, f. noun revengeululō, ululāre, ululāvī verb howlumerus, umerī, m. noun shoulder

23 umquam adverb everūnā adverb together

ūnā cum (+ abl.) together with 15 unda, undae, f. noun wave 21 unde adverb from where 31 undique adverb on all sides, from all sides 20, 28 ūnus, ūna, ūnum adj one

urbānus, urbāna, urbānum adj smart, fashionable 5 urbs, urbis, f. noun city

ursa, ursae, f. noun bearusquam adverb anywhereusque adverb continuously, as far asusque ad + acc. right up to

28 ut + indicative adverb as 26 ut + subjunctive conj that, so that, in order that

ūtilis, ūtilis, ūtile adj useful 33 utrum adverb whether

utrum … an whether … or utrum … necne whether … or not

10 uxor, uxōris, f. noun wifevacuus, vacua, vacuum adj emptyvah interj ugh!

7 valdē adverb very much, very 11 valē interj goodbye, farewell

valēdīcō, valēdīcere, valēdīxī verb say goodbyevalētūdō, valētūdinis, f. noun healthvarius, varia, varium adj different

10 vehementer adverb violently, loudly 31 vehō, vehere, vexī, vectus verb carry 34 vel conj or

vel … vel conj either … orvēnālīcius, vēnālīciī, m. noun slave-dealervēnātiō, vēnātiōnis, f. noun hunt

6 vēndō, vēndere, vēndidī, vēnditus verb sellvenēnātus, venēnāta, venēnātum adj poisoned

23 venēnum, venēnī, n. noun poisonvenia, veniae, f. noun mercy

5 veniō, venīre, vēnī verb comeventer, ventris, m. noun stomach

28 ventus, ventī, m. noun windVenūlēius, Venūlēiī, m. noun VenuleiusVenus, Veneris, f. noun Venus (goddess of love); highest throw at dicevēr, vēris, n. noun springverber, verberis, n. noun blow

11 verberō, verberāre, verberāvī, verberātus verb strike, beat 22 verbum, verbī, n. noun word

Vercobrix, Vercobrigis, m. noun Vercobrixvereor, verērī, veritus sum verb fear, be afraidversus, versa, versum adj having turnedversus, versūs, m. noun verse, line of poetry

16 vertō, vertere, vertī, versus verb turn sē vertere turn around

24 vērum, vērī, n. noun truth, the truth 33 vērus, vēra, vērum adj true, real

33 rē vērā in fact, really, truly 29 vester, vestra, vestrum adj your (plural) 34 vestīmenta, vestīmentōrum, n.pl. noun clothes

vestrum see vōsvetus, vetus, vetus, gen. veteris adj old

19 vexō, vexāre, vexāvī, vexātus verb annoyvī see vīs

1 via, viae, f. noun street, wayvīciēns adverb twenty timesvīciēns sēstertium two million sestercesvictī see vincōvictī, victōrum, m.pl. noun the conqueredvictima, victimae, f. noun victimvictor, victōris, m. noun victor, winnervictōria, victōriae, f. noun victoryvictus see vincō

vīcus, vīcī, m. noun town, village 3 videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus verb see

videor, vidērī, vīsus sum verb seemvigilō, vigilāre, vigilāvī verb stay awake

20, 28 vīgintī adj twentyVilbia, Vilbiae, f. noun Vilbiavīlla, vīllae, f. noun house, villa

31 vinciō, vincīre, vīnxī, vīnctus verb bind, tie up 15 vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus verb conquer, win, be victorious 3 vīnum, vīnī, n. noun wine 11 vir, virī, m. noun man

vīrēs, vīrium, f.pl. noun strengthvirgō, virginis, f. noun virgin Virginēs Vestālēs Vestal Virgins

22 virtūs, virtūtis, f. noun couragevīs, f. (acc. vim) noun force, violence

13 vīs see volōvīsitō, vīsitāre, vīsitāvī, vīsitātus verb visit

3 vīsus see video 13 vīta, vītae, f. noun life

vīta agere lead a lifeVitellia noun Vitelliavitium, vitiī, n. noun sin

22 vītō, vītāre, vītāvī, vītātus verb avoid 6 vituperō, vituperāre, vituperāvī, vituperātus verb blame, curse; find fault with, tell off 19 vīvō, vīvere, vīxī verb live, be alive 29 vīvus, vīva, vīvum adj alive, living 19 vix adverb hardly, scarcely, with difficulty

vōbīs see vōsvōcem see vōx

4 vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātus verb call 13 volō, velle, voluī verb want

quid vīs? what do you want? velim I would likeVolusius, Volusiī, m. noun Volusius

31 volvō, volvere, volvī, volūtus verb turn, roll in animō volvere wonder, turn over in the mind

10 vōs pronoun you (plural) vōbīscum with you (plural)

19 vōx, vōcis, f. noun voice 13 vulnerō, vulnerāre, vulnerāvī, vulnerātus verb wound, injure 20 vulnus, vulneris, n. noun wound 13 vult see volō 31 vultus, vultūs, m. noun expression, face