carbon foot print drink sector

8/3/2019 Carbon Foot Print Drink Sector

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SUSTAINABILITY

World Juice Conference

OR

CARBON FOOTPRINTS IN THE JUICE SECTOR

JUICE TECHNICAL SEMINAROctober 16, 2008 - Barcelona, Spain

Bureau Coucou, L. LAPIERRE ([email protected])


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Earth atmosphere

- Average composition -

30Km

N2

78.08 %

O2

20.94 %

Ar 0,93 %H

2O 0 - 4 %

CO2

0,038 % (0.028)

Ne 18.18 ppm

He 5.24 ppm

Kr 1.14 ppm

CH4 1.75 ppm (0.77 )

Xe 0.087 ppm

O3

0.04 ppm

others : NH3, CO,SF6

Atmospheric lifetime : CO2 = 50 -200 years

CH4 = 12 years

SF6 > 3000 years

(in 1800)2001-2005


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The green house effect

Heat exchanges into Sun/Earth system

Infrared energy

HR

20 %

4+6 %

Telluric heating

Earth surface temperature (average 15C)

50%

51%

19 %


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Gas origin Global Warming Potential*

CO2

fossil energy, forest loss 1

CH4 organic material, gas, waste,combustion, coal mines

25

N2O fertilizers, biomasscombustion/fermentation

298

HFCs Aerosols, propellers,

refrigerants, solvents

43 -12000

CnF2n+2 chemical and electronicindustry, refrigerants

5700 -11900

SF6 plastic industry, insulation 22000

green house effect (GHE) : gas involved

6 gases were targeted by the Kyoto protocol

*over 100 years

(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,2001-2007)


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Historical data

Global

warming


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The Consequences(example)

Church, J.A. and White, N.J. (2006). A 20th century acceleration in global

sea-level rise. Geophysical Research Letters,33, L01602


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Corrective actions

International organizations reactions

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

(192 member states)

Kyoto Protocol (1997): 37 countries and the EU to reduce

GHG emissions to an average of 5% against 1990 levelsover the five-year period 2008-2012.

Next : 30 November2009:


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Corrective actions

Sustainability and eco friendly behaviors are becoming

rapidly crucial aspects for :

Industries, Businesses, Administrations,NGOs,Consumers

Environmental responsibility, Green marketing / Green washing

are generalized (after having been sometimes marginalized)

A worldwide race has started !

New regulations and eco taxes are implemented


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Methodologies able to estimate

environmental impacts of goods production

The aim is to quantify greenhouse gas emissions emitted by all the processes

needed for a given activity. Proper limits have to be set up, but any emission (direct

or indirect) have to be considered, wherever their location.

Its a calculated estimation (20%) obtained from the own data of the activity.

From the analysis of all emissions factors, results are expressed as :

X 3,6

7

Carbon Equivalent or CO2 Equivalent

3,67 =44 (MCO2

)/ 12 (M C)

1. Carbon footprint quantification


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Carbon footprint : Equivalences and units

Perturbation effect of the gas is expressed versus CO2 (reference gas), cumulated

over a period of 100 years: it is the Global Warming Potential,GWP ( 35%).

Ex : releasing 1 MT of CH4 has the same effect of releasing 25 MT of CO2

GHGEq. CO2 (per 1 kg of gaz)

=GWP (100 years)

Eq. C (per 1 kg of gaz)

CO2 1 0,273

CH4 25 6,81

N2O 298 81,2

HFCs 43 12000 11,7 - 3269

CnF2n+2 5700 - 11900 1553 -3242

SF622000

5994


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Fuel : nKm with X lit. carburant =yEq CO2

Energy:

energy

Carbon footprint study

Food miles quantification

Energy consumption and sources

Fuel

nKW/h from Xenergy type =ZEq CO2


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Example of Good natured orange juices

Carbon footprint study

System boundaries for

the orange juice from concentrate

System boundaries for

the orange juice not from concentrate

(squeezing excluded for both)

Concentration + freezing

Transport to Dutch storage

storage

Transport to UK packer

Reconstitution and pasteurization

filling

Pasteurization

Transport to Dutch storage

storage

Transport to UK packer

Pasteurization

filling

Parallel study of 1 nfc orange juice and 1 juice made fromconcentrate from their production in Costa Rica to their packing in UK


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Aimed to quantify environmentalimpacts of all product-related activities.

it is a cradle-to-grave approach,begins with all raw materials inputs from

the earth to create the product and ends

at the point when all materials are

returned to the earth.

Methodologies

2. Life cycle assessmentNormalized ISO method = ISO 14040:2006 (E)

It is a compilation of all materials and energies flux taken or emitted into theenvironment at each stage of the life cycle : energy and non renewable resources

consumption, air acidification, introduction into ecosystem perturbing agents

Eutrophication


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Life cycle assessmentExamples from the juice sector

Tetra Pack study released in April 2008

Distribution

to shops

Filling

production

Raw

materials

End of life, recycling

Emissions in

Air, water, ground

Natural energy

and non energy resources

Full production

of packaging


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Fruit Juices : impacts per packaging material


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Plastic bottle Glass bottle

Fruit Juices : impacts per packaging material

Tetra Prisma and PE

T250 ml


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Methodologies

Energy turnover in kWh per lit. versus fruit tonnage in Metric tons per year

Production (x)

Production + transports + distribution ()

Sp

ecificenergy

kWh/l

Food miles against

Ecology of Scale ?

Comparison of Juices from :

Brazil (orange juice concentrate)

England, Poland, Italy and Germany (apple juice conc.)

E. H. Schlich, Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,2005

Fruit tons


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CO2 Eq of juices and drinks : others examples

Reduced of 17% due to the study

CO2 Eq

Tesco Pure Orange Juice (3x200ml) 220 g per carton

Tesco Pure Orange Juice (1 lit.) 240 g per250ml

Tesco Orange Juice From Conc (1 lit.) 260 g per250ml

Tesco Squeezed Orange Juice (1 lit.) 360 g per250ml

is planning to label

all products (!?)


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*From The EIPRO report (2006) : http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ipp/pdf/eipro_report.pdf

800 g/l

650 g/l

Light version

gives 330 g/l

Bottled and canned soft drinks: 0,9 %

Impact on global warming potential (for E.U. 25 states)* : FOOD 31%

Frozen fruits, fruit juices and vegetables: 0.7%

CO2 Eq of some drinks

330 g/l

600 g/lCitrussoftdrink

Beer

150 g/ 33cl can


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Conclusion

Detailed analysis of the whole supply chain provides an efficient mean to quantify its

impacts on warming via carbon foot print or others environmental impacts indicators

The study outcome leads to environmental oriented optimizations and carbon footprint

data helps in reducing the carbon balance of the production systems

6 CO2 + 12

H2O

Photosynthesis = C sequestration Keep on planting more trees

and maintaining orchards

6CO

2

+12H

2O

C

6H12

O6

+6O

2+6(H

2O)

minimal waste, energy matrix exclusively based on renewable

sources (in house biomass, bio fuel) instead of fossil fuel,

trees planting, bulk efficiency, wild areas preservation

Example in Brazil:


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Data collected and presented by

Thanks for your attention

Laurent LAPIERRE

Sales and services in the juice industry

carbon foot print drink sector

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