carbon literacy for communities - keep scotland beautiful...solar water heating, heat pump, biomass...

www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/ccf

Carbon Literacy for Communities


Questions or Thoughts from Day One


Aims of today

During the day we will:

• Understand the anthropogenic sources of GHGs and

how our everyday lives relate to them

• Explore Low Carbon Behaviours and the challenges/

opportunities to adoption in your community

• Explore behaviour change models and think about how

these might translate into practical projects.


Climate Change – Who’s Fault is It?


What are THEY doing about it?


Timeline

World

Clim

ate

Confe

renc

e

1979

IPC

C e

sta

blis

hed

Rio

Earth

Sum

mit / U

NF

CC

C

esta

blis

hed

Kyoto

Pro

tocol

Copenhagen

Durb

an

IPC

C 5

thR

eport

CO

P21 / T

he P

aris

Agre

em

ent

1988 1992 19972009

2011 2014

2015


Aim of Paris Agreement

• To keep average global temperature rise well below 2°c,

and to pursue efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5°c

• To increase ability to adapt to climate change impacts and

foster climate resilience and low emissions development

• To ensure financial flows reflect development towards

lower emissions and climate resilience


Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

• Each country (or party) submits their

planned emissions reductions – a

‘Pledge’

• INDCs are to be submitted every 5

years and each must be more

ambitious than the last

• Parties are encouraged to reach

peak emissions asap

INDCs

climateactiontracker.org


UK and Scottish Legislation

UK Climate Change Act (2008)

Target: Greenhouse gas emissions will be 80% lower in

2050 than 1990 levels

Climate Change (Scotland) Act (2009)

Target: Greenhouse gas emissions will be 80% lower in

2050 than 1990 levels

Interim Target: Greenhouse gas emissions will be 66%

lower in 2032 against 1990 levels


Progress in Scotland


Who Else?

L’Appel de Paris: Pledge to act

on outcomes of the Paris

Agreement. Over 1300

businesses, cities and regions

and investors have signed up:

http://parispledgeforaction.org/w

hos-joined/

Global Climate Action: Captures the commitments to climate

action by companies, cities, subnational, regions, investors,

and civil society organizations.

http://climateaction.unfccc.int/

"BedZED 2007" by Tom Chance from Peckham - flickr: BedZED. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Commons -https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BedZED_2007.jpg#/media/File:BedZED_2007.jpg

http://parispledgeforaction.org/whos-joined/

http://climateaction.unfccc.int/


Greenhouse Gases


John Tyndall (1820 - 1893)

• Researched how much heat

various gasses in our

atmosphere could absorb in

1859.

• He noted that water vapour

was by far the most powerful

absorber of radiant heat.

Other gasses were seen as

having a much smaller effect.


CO2e

Source: www.pctech.ise.polyu.edu.hk

https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjL07bs88nKAhVIhhoKHXrdCCQQjB0IBg&url=http://www.pctech.ise.polyu.edu.hk/ecodesign/product_carbon_footprint.html&psig=AFQjCNH75giR6ziZgVkpNI9w6z1OOGqFeg&ust=1453981070071102&cad=rja


What activities result in increase in GHGs?

http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/Teachers-TV-Climate-Change-The-Causes-6046533/


Greenhouse Gas Global Warming

Potential (GWP)

Source

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1 Combustion of fossil fuels,

deforestation

Methane (CH4) 25 Combustion of fossil fuels, ruminant

animals, landfill

Nitrous oxide (N2O) 124-14,800 Combustion of fossil fuels, agriculture,

biomass burning, sewage

Hydroflurocarbons

(HFCs)

7,390-12,200 Manufacture, leakage and disposal of

refrigerant and air-con equipment

Perflurocarbons

(PFCs)

22,800 Manufacture of refrigerant equipment

and production of aluminium

Sulphur hexafluoride

(SF6)

17,200 Electrical substations, magnesium

smelters and some consumer goods


Atmospheric Lifetimes

Greenhouse Gas Atmospheric lifetime

Carbon Dioxide 30 – 95 years

Methane 12 years

Nitrous Oxide 114 years

Water Vapour 9 days


Scotland’s Emissions - 2014

Greenhouse Gas Tonnes CO2e

Carbon Dioxide 34.4

Methane 7.5

Nitrous Oxide 3.3

Fluorinated gases 1.5


Tea and coffee break


What’s It Got to Do With Me?


What Can I Do?

www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment

TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)

Activity


What Can I Do?


Do It Less - Travel

Fewer journeys or shorter

journeys

home

shops

holidays

schoolwork

weekends

• Car share

• Teleconferencing

• Flexible working

• ‘Staycations’

• Eliminate

unnecessary

journeys

• Change where you

live, work, play


Do It Differently - Travel

Incr

easi

ng

carb

on

inte

nsi

ty

Mode kgCO2e per passenger km

Domestic flight 0.279

Average petrol car 0.192

Average hybrid car 0.132

Average Motorbike 0.120

Average Local Bus 0.102

Car share (2 people) 0.096

Electrc vehicle 0.096

National rail 0.049

Coach 0.029

Eco -Driving


Do It Less - Energy

Increase efficiency of home and appliances or …

• Insulate – lofts, walls,

pipes, draught proofing

• LED lightbulbs

• Upgrade appliances

(boilers, white goods)

• Heating controls (18 – 21°C)

and timers

• Shorter showers

• Turn appliances off when not

in use

• Don’t overfill the kettle

…increase the efficiency of

their use


Do It Differently – Energy (heating)

Fuel

kgCO2e per kWh

heat

Electricity 0.449

Coal (domestic) 0.245

Heating Oil

(kerosene/paraffin) 0.214

Natural Gas from Mains 0.184

Air Source Heat Pump

(COP=2.5) 0.180

Wood fuel 0.023

Incr

easi

ng

carb

on

inte

nsi

ty


Do It Differently – Energy (electricity)

• Home Renewables - Solar Photovoltaics can produce significant

amounts of home energy (especially if you use it right).

• Clean Energy Suppliers – Some electricity suppliers only buy ‘green’

energy and sell it on, others put profits towards building more renewable

capacity

Coming soon…..

• Community Renewables - Pilot projects are investigating ways that

this energy can be used in the community, rather than sold to the grid.

• Smart metering and grids – Smart appliances will use power when

demand is low.

• Be ‘smart’ with your appliances in the meantime -

https://www.ecotricity.co.uk/our-green-energy/energy-

independence/uk-grid-live

https://www.ecotricity.co.uk/our-green-energy/energy-independence/uk-grid-live


Do It Less - Food

Reduce food waste

Plan your meals

Understand dates

Store food correctly

Portion control

Use up leftovers


Do It Differently – Food

Lower Carbon

Higher Carbon Food

Embedded Carbon (kg

CO2e per kg produced)

Beef 18Strawberries

(out of

season &

flown in) 7.2

Wheat 0.8

Strawberries

(in season) 0.6

Carrots 0.3

Incr

easi

ng

emb

ed

ded

car

bo

n


Do It Less - Resources

Buy less stuff/throw away less stuff!

• Do you need it?

• Can you repair or refurbish things you already have?

• When you buy, buy to last.


Do It Differently – Resources (Acquisition)

Buy to last

Second-hand

Lease

Borrow

Material

Embedded Carbon

(kg CO2e per kg

produced)

Clothing 22.31

WEEE -

mixed 1.149

Books/

magazines 0.939

Glass 0.895


Do It Differently – Resources (Disposal)

Recycle

Donate for Reuse

Repair

Reduce

The main benefits from disposing differently come from displacing new products.


Beware the Rebound Effect!

www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org The charity for Scotland’s environment

TITLE (Arial 24pt Bold)

Low Carbon Behaviours


Scottish Government Behaviours Framework

• What SG will do to support move to low carbon living

• Key behaviours seeking to influence

• Individuals account for 70% of Scotland’s consumption emissions.

• Four key themes

• Ten key behaviours


Your Carbon Footprint

= 70% of Scotland’s emissions


Ten key behaviours

http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0041/00415744.pdf

http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0041/00415744.pdf


Segmentation Model


Lunch


Behaviour Change Models

Knowledge

Action


Activity

Think about a time you changed (or tried

to change!) your behaviour/made a

significant change in your life.

What factors helped or hindered

this change?


Nudge


MINDSPACE

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RussianRainbowGathering_4Aug2005.jpg

MINDSPACE

essengerncentiveormsefaultalience (relevance)rimingffect (emotion)ommitmentgo


SCARF

Threats Rewards

Status Certainty Autonomy Relatedness Fairness


Force Field

Restraining ForcesDriving Forces

Change you want to make


Shifting Normal - Four Questions


Shifting Normal - Four Zones


Start of

industrial

revolution

Shifting Normal


Tea and coffee break


Start of

industrial

revolution

• Keeping the heat in (insulation, draught

proofing, double glazing)

• Better heating management (turning

down heating & hot water thermostat, reducing hours that heating is on)

• Saving electricity (buying more energy

efficient appliances, light bulbs, etc. when they need to be replaced, washing clothes at lower temperatures)

• Installing more energy efficient heating system or generating your own clean heat (replacing inefficient boilers,

solar water heating, heat pump, biomass boiler)

• Reducing and Reusing (in addition to the

efforts we are already making on recycling)

• Avoiding Food Waste• Eating a healthy diet high in

fruits and vegetable, in season where we live.

• Becoming less reliant on the car (walking, cycling, using public

transport, car sharing)

• Driving more efficiently (following fuel efficient driving principles, using low carbon vehicle [fuel efficient, hybrid, )

• Using alternatives to flying where practical (e.g. train, tele-

conferencing)

Choose a Behaviour


Carbon Literacy Evidence

• Individual and Group carbon reducing

actions. These MUST be different.

• Group action – work or community group.


Carbon Literacy Evidence

• ‘How much carbon will it save?’ NOT looking for a number.

Demonstrate understanding and provide context. E.g.

Action How much carbon?

Go vegetarian twice a week I currently eat meat at one or two meals a day.

Producing meat creates many times more

greenhouse gases compared to vegetables so

reducing my meat consumption will save quite a

lot of carbon.

Run ‘swishing’ parties with

my friends.

I go clothes shopping at least once a month with

friends. Textiles have a very high carbon cost,

and by running swishing parties me and my

friends will still have fun/get new clothes, but

without buying new. I feel this will save a lot of

carbon.


Congratulations and Thank You!

carbon literacy for communities - keep scotland beautiful...solar water heating, heat pump, biomass...

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