Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem Heart Structure & Blood FlowHeart Structure & Blood Flow

Introduction to Healthcare Introduction to Healthcare ScienceScience

Candi DykesCandi Dykes

The purpose of this lesson The purpose of this lesson is to help you understand is to help you understand the heart structure and the heart structure and the blood flow through the blood flow through the heart.the heart.

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Introduction:Introduction: The heart is a muscular, hollow organ often called the “pump” of the The heart is a muscular, hollow organ often called the “pump” of the

body. body. The size of the heart is a little larger than the size of a fist. The size of the heart is a little larger than the size of a fist. The heart is located between the lungs, behind the sternum and above The heart is located between the lungs, behind the sternum and above

the diaphragm.the diaphragm. The heart are two separate pumps that continuously send blood The heart are two separate pumps that continuously send blood

throughout the body carrying nutrients, oxygen, and helping remove throughout the body carrying nutrients, oxygen, and helping remove harmful wastes. These pumps are the right side and left side of the heart. harmful wastes. These pumps are the right side and left side of the heart.

The right side of the heart receives blood low in oxygen from the body. The right side of the heart receives blood low in oxygen from the body. The left side of the heart receives blood that has been oxygenated by the The left side of the heart receives blood that has been oxygenated by the

lungs. lungs. The blood is then pumped out of the heart to all parts of the body. The blood is then pumped out of the heart to all parts of the body.

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•Click on each label to access the definitions of each structure within the heart. Once you have read all definitions, click on the Next button below to advance.

Heart Heart StructurStructuree

Septum

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Once you have read each Once you have read each definition, definition, click here to see a video clip of blood flow through the body.

Heart Heart StructurStructuree

Septum

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Label the HeartLabel the Heart Heart Cell in MotionHeart Cell in Motion EchocardiogramEchocardiogram Heart Surgery VideosHeart Surgery Videos Virtual Heart SurgeryVirtual Heart Surgery QuizQuiz

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Resources:Resources:

http://www.buddyproject.org/lessons/info.asp?id=19 ; This web page can be used as a single teaching unit or as a supplement to your unit on the cardiovascular system.

http://library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_High_Level/Circulatory_Net_Pages/Circulatory_page.html

http://www.bishopstopford.com/faculties/science/arthur/Heart%20drag&drop.swf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve www.emc.maricopa.edu/.../BIOBK/heartbeat.gif http://heart-health-diet-tips.com/Picture_and_Informat

ion_On_the_Heart.html http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/top.html http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/swf/heart.swf

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Thank you for Thank you for completing this lesson completing this lesson on the Cardiovascular on the Cardiovascular

System.System.

Please complete the Please complete the evaluation form you have evaluation form you have

been provided.been provided.

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Myocardium:Myocardium:

The heart is made up of a powerful muscle called the myocardium.myocardium. The The myocardiummyocardium is composed of cardiac is composed of cardiac muscle fibers that contract and cause a muscle fibers that contract and cause a wringing type of action.wringing type of action.

Myocardium

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Right Atrium:Right Atrium:

The The right atriumright atrium is larger than the is larger than the left atriumleft atrium but but has thinner walls.has thinner walls.

The The right atriumright atrium has two major veins that return has two major veins that return blood to the heart from all parts of the body: the blood to the heart from all parts of the body: the superior vena cavasuperior vena cava and the and the inferior vena cavainferior vena cava. . These two veins are the largest veins in the body. These two veins are the largest veins in the body.

The The superior vena cavasuperior vena cava returns the deoxygenated returns the deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body.blood from the upper part of the body.

The The inferior vena cavainferior vena cava returns the deoxygenated returns the deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body. blood from the lower part of the body.

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Tricuspid Valve:Tricuspid Valve:

The The right atriumright atrium also receives blood back also receives blood back from the heart. After the blood is collected from the heart. After the blood is collected in the in the right atriumright atrium it is pumped into the it is pumped into the right ventricleright ventricle through the through the tricuspid valvetricuspid valve (three leaf valve).(three leaf valve).

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Right Ventricle:Right Ventricle:

The The right ventricleright ventricle receives blood from the receives blood from the right atriumright atrium. When the heart contracts the . When the heart contracts the blood is forced out of the blood is forced out of the right ventricleright ventricle through the pthrough the pulmonary valveulmonary valve into the into the pulmonary arterypulmonary artery. The walls of the . The walls of the right right ventricleventricle are a little thicker than the are a little thicker than the right right atrium.atrium.

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Pulmonary Valve:Pulmonary Valve:

When the heart contracts the blood is When the heart contracts the blood is forced out through the forced out through the pulmonary valvepulmonary valve into the into the pulmonary arterypulmonary artery. The . The pulmonary pulmonary valvevalve is a three flap valve that stops the is a three flap valve that stops the backflow of blood. backflow of blood.

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Pulmonary Artery:Pulmonary Artery:

The The pulmonary arterypulmonary artery carries the blood carries the blood from the from the right ventricleright ventricle to both of the lungs. to both of the lungs. There the blood is oxygenated and sent to There the blood is oxygenated and sent to the the left atriumleft atrium in the heart through the in the heart through the pulmonary veinpulmonary vein..

Pulmonary Artery

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Pulmonary Vein:Pulmonary Vein:

The The pulmonary veinpulmonary vein carries the oxygenated carries the oxygenated blood back to the blood back to the left atriumleft atrium in the heart. in the heart.

Pulmonary Vein

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Left Atrium:Left Atrium:

The left atrium receives blood from four pulmonary veins.

The blood received from the lungs has been oxygenated.

The oxygenated blood that is collected in left atrium is then pumped into the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve.

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Mitral Valve:Mitral Valve:

The The mitral valvemitral valve is often referred to as the is often referred to as the bicuspid valve.bicuspid valve.

The The bicuspid valve bicuspid valve which is between thewhich is between the left atrium left atrium and theand the left ventricle left ventricle closes and closes and the blood is collected in the the blood is collected in the left ventricleleft ventricle. . The closing of the The closing of the bicuspid valvebicuspid valve stops the stops the backflow of blood. backflow of blood.

Mitral Valve

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Left Ventricle:Left Ventricle:

The chamber of the The chamber of the left ventricleleft ventricle has walls has walls that are three times the thickness of the that are three times the thickness of the right right ventricleventricle. This is important because the . This is important because the oxygenated blood that the oxygenated blood that the left ventricleleft ventricle receives from the receives from the left atriumleft atrium has to be has to be pumped throughout the body. pumped throughout the body.

When the heart contracts the blood is forced When the heart contracts the blood is forced through the through the aortic valve. aortic valve. The blood then The blood then passes through the passes through the aortic valveaortic valve into the into the aorta.aorta.

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Aortic Valve:Aortic Valve:

When the heart contracts the blood is When the heart contracts the blood is forced through the forced through the aortic valve. aortic valve. This valve This valve closes to prevent back flow of blood into closes to prevent back flow of blood into thethe left ventricle left ventricle The blood then passes The blood then passes through the through the aortic valveaortic valve into the into the Aorta.Aorta.

Mitral Valve

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Aorta:Aorta:

The The aorta aorta is the largest blood vessel in the is the largest blood vessel in the body. The inner diameter of the body. The inner diameter of the aortaaorta is is about 1 inch. The about 1 inch. The aorta aorta receives it's blood receives it's blood from the from the left ventricle.left ventricle. Arteries branch from Arteries branch from the the aortaaorta and carry oxygenated blood to all and carry oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. parts of the body.

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Superior Vena Cava:Superior Vena Cava:

The importance of the The importance of the superior vena cavasuperior vena cava is is to return blood back to the to return blood back to the right atriumright atrium from from the upper part of the body. It is one of the the upper part of the body. It is one of the largest veins in the body.largest veins in the body.

Superior Vena Cava

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Inferior Vena Cava:Inferior Vena Cava:

The The inferior vena cavainferior vena cava is important for is important for carrying the blood back to the carrying the blood back to the right atriumright atrium from the lower part of the body.from the lower part of the body.

Inferior Vena Cava

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Septum:Septum:

The The septum septum is a partition that separates the is a partition that separates the right and left sides of the heart. right and left sides of the heart.

Septum

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Heart Cell in MotionHeart Cell in Motion

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Echocardiogram Echocardiogram Image of Heart in 3DImage of Heart in 3D

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