caribbean ixp proliferation - ctu: caribbean telecommunications
TRANSCRIPT
Bevil M. Wooding
Internet Strategist
Packet Clearing House (PCH)
Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU)
Caribbean IXP Proliferation
Supporting Development of Critical
Caribbean Infrastructure
Emerging Caribbean Epiphany
Much greater focus has to be put on
increasing education and awareness,
facilitating collaboration (inter-agency and
inter-country), building capacity,
improving policy and legislative
environment and strengthening physical
infrastructure
Internet = Traffic Exchange
Collaboration for mutual benefit
The Internet – Built on Traffic Exchange
The Internet would not exist without
agreements to exchange traffic
The Internet - Built on Traffic Exchange
To facilitate this global traffic
exchange competitor ISPs must
co-operate to serve their clients
and grow their markets
The Cooperation Competition Reality
ISPs must privately cooperate among
themselves to deliver global connectivity,
while very publicly competing for
customers using as leverage:
– price,
– value-add services, and
– performance
Traffic Exchange - Economic Choices
All ISPs
1. Try to exchange as much traffic as
possible with peers at no cost;
AND
2. Pay for access to the rest
ISP goal: Minimise transit to
Minimise costs
Traffic Exchange - Economic Choices
All ISPs
1. Exchange Traffic at No Cost = PEERING
AND
2. Pay for access to the rest = TRANSIT
ISP goal: Minimise transit to
Minimise costs
What is an IXP: Quick Definition
Domestic vs International Interconnection
Internet
ISP-AISP - B
IXP Domestic Network
International Network
An Internet exchange point (IX or IXP) is a physical infrastructure that allows different Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to exchange Internet traffic between their networks without cost.
Traffic Exchange - Economic Choices
Any country whose ISPs do not PEER with
each other relies exclusively on TRANSIT
This is
– Expensive for the ISP
– Inefficient Routing of Traffic
– Poor QoS to Customers
– Needless export of capital from the economy
Traffic Exchange via Domestic Peering
Participants gain a significant advantage
over any competitors who fail to
participate in the IXP
This advantage grows even greater with
time
Domestic Traffic Exchange Benefits
Any country whose ISPs PEER with each
other derive TECHNICAL benefits.
– Reduce the portion of traffic that must be
delivered via out-of-country transit providers
– Frees capacity on international pipes
– Lowers the latency of domestic traffic
– Provides more efficient route and improves
fault tolerance for domestic traffic
Domestic Traffic Exchange Benefits
Any country whose ISPs PEER with each
other derive ECONOMIC benefits.
– Reduces the Average Per Bit Delivery Costs
(APBDC) for domestic traffic
– Allows ISPs to maintain higher levels of
profitability, reduce costs, or increase
reinvestment
– Provides incentives for the creation of new
domestic services
Proven Solution: Domestic
Peering = IXP
An Internet exchange point (IX or IXP) is a
physical infrastructure that allows different
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to
exchange Internet traffic between their
networks without cost.
Understanding the Internet Economy
These services must be anchored in
someone’s economy:
– This is why countries with the highest
concentration of Internet infrastructure,
Internet content and Internet connectivity
are the ones seeing the greatest economic
benefit.
Understanding the Internet Economy
There is a distinction between
• developing services that run on the
Internet
and
• building a domestic economy that is
based on the Internet.
Understanding the Internet Economy
FACT
The absence of IXPs compromises a
country’s ability to build a robust
domestic internet ecosystem and
economy
Understanding the Internet Economy
The domestic Internet economy develops
when users shift from merely consuming
content hosted outside of a country, to
producing local content and facilitating
local transactions, all run on local networks
These local networks are in turn, connected to the global Internet.
IXP Benefits: Privacy and Security
By keeping local traffic local,
sensitive data is not subject
to unintended foreign
interrogation
–Sending sensitive data across
national borders presents a
privacy risk to governments
and corporations.
IXP Benefits: Network Applications
IXPs enable high-
bandwidth, low
latency
applications
IXP Benefits: Coordination of Resources
Enables co-ordination
of security,
infrastructure
protection, abuse
response activities
IXP Benefits: Coordination of Resources
Facilitates co-ordination
of security, infrastructure
protection, abuse-
response activities
Caribbean Context
Inefficient and expensive traffic routes
Caribbean ISPs pay exorbitant transit costs
to US IXs
– Costs passed on to consumers
– Providers offer reduced services to keep
costs down
– Low speeds and latency problems on local
loops
Source: Caribbean Network Operators Group (CaribNOG) 2010 report
Caribbean Context
Large ISPs own primary transit routes and
have little incentive to peer within the region
– LIME and Flow dominate in traffic and
infrastructure
Transit model discriminates against
development of regional content
– Favors consumption of US content;
– ISPs argue that customers prefer international
content
Source: Caribbean Network Operators Group (CaribNOG) 2010 report
ACTIVE IXPsCuracao
HaitiSt Maarten
GrenadaBVI
IN PROGRESSDominica
St Kitts
THINKING ABOUT IT
BarbadosJamaicaSt Lucia
St VincentTrinidad &
Tobago
MAYBE ONE DAYEveryone Else
Internet Exchange Points in the Caribbean
Lo and Behold – There is TRAFFICB
VI-
IX
Lo and Behold – There is TRAFFICG
REX
Beyond IXPs
Accelerating regional development of critical
Internet resources
What are We Really After
Caribbean IXP proliferation is about
– Caribbean Innovation and Entrepreneurship,
– Community Empowerment
– Local Content Generation
– Economic Growth
– Capacity Building and ultimately…
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
8/8/2011
Building the Caribbean Internet
Economy and Information Society
LOCAL CONTENT
E-Services, Web and Mobile Apps, Online Repositories, etc
SUPPORT SERVICES
Legislation, Investment, Education, Policy, etc
LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE
DNS, DNSSEC, Cyber Security,
HR DEVELOPMENT
Technical and Non-Technical Skills
IXPs
8/8
/20
11
30
Thank You
Contact:
Bevil Wooding
Internet Strategist
Packet Clearing House
www.pch.net
About Packet Clearing House
As of 2011, major PCH projects include the construction
and support of more than a third of the world's
approximately 350 Internet Exchange Points (IXPs);
operation of the INOC-DBA global Internet infrastructure
protection hotline communications system; support for
globally anycast domain name system (DNS) resources
including the root and more than eighty Top Level
Domains (TLDs); operation of a global TLD DNSSEC key
management and signing infrastructure with secure
facilities in Singapore, Zurich, and San Jose;
implementation of network research data collection
initiatives in more than three dozen countries; and the
development and presentation of educational materials
to foster a better understanding of Internet architectural
principles and their policy implications among policy
makers, technologists, and the general public.
About the Presenter
Bevil M. Wooding
Internet Strategist, Packet Clearing House
Mr. Wooding serves as the Caribbean Outreach Manager for
Packet Clearing House, an international non-profit research
institute supporting critical internet infrastructure, operations
and analysis in the areas of Internet traffic exchange, routing
economics, and global network development.
He also serves as the Program Director for the Caribbean
Telecommunications Union’s Caribbean ICT Roadshow where
he regularly facilitates regional and international initiatives on
ICT, Innovation, Policy, and Internet Governance and Internet
Exchange Point (IXP) Development.