carica papaya linn
TRANSCRIPT
A credit seminar on
Isolation and Characterization of Secondary metabolites
from leaves of Carica papaya Linn.
Advisor
Prof. (Dr.) Inder Pal Singh
Presented by
Gaurav
M.S.(Pharm.) II Semester
Department of natural product (TM)
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
S.A.S. Nagar
FLOW OF PRESENTATION
1. INTRODUCTION
2. AIM & OBJECTIVE
2.1. Aim
2.2. Objective
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
4. OUTLINE FOR WORK PLAN
1- Introduction
The spread of knowledge on the natural wealth is more important
for a country like India, at a time when the synthetic drugs are
stealing the economy rates.
The limited knowledge on the varied use of the medicinal plants,
their analytical profile , clinical research data , their availability
and extent of distribution weakens the ways to utilize these
resources efficiently. Therefore, it is required to bring the
information in various sources into one roof.
Due to their natural origin, less side effect and high chemical
constituents these are highly utilizing in developed and developing
countries.
According to the ethnobotanical Carica papaya Linn. used
traditionally in various disease to protect and maintain good health.
Abo.K.A., Fred.J, et al, J. Ethno pharmacology 2007; 115: 67–71
Papaya is a powerhouse of nutrients and is
available throughout the year. Papaya belongs to
the family Carica papaya Linn. It is a rich source
of three powerful antioxidant, vitamin C, vitamin
A and vitamin E. The minerals, magnesium and
potassium, vitamin B pantothenic acid and foliate
and fiber. In addition to all this, it contains a
digestive enzyme -papain that effectively treats
causes of trauma, allergies and sports injuries.
And also used as anti malarial , anti ulcer, anti
hypertensive activity, wound healing activity,
hepato-protective activity etc.
Leaf
T.Vij, Y.Prashar, et al ,A.Pac.J.Trop.Dis. 2015; 5: 1-6
Dulce M Rivera-Pastrana,et al, J.Sci. Food Agric .2010; 90: 2358–2365
https://www.evaidya.com
2.1- Aim – Isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from
leaves Carica papaya Linn.
2.2- Objectives
Collection & Authentication of plant material
Preparation of aqueous methanolic extract
TLC profiling of prepared extract
Isolation and identification of compounds from aqueous methanolic extract
of Carica papaya Linn. leaves using various chromatographic techniques.
Characterization of isolated compounds using modern spectroscopic
methods.
2. AIM & OBJECTIVE
3.1- Taxonomical classificationKingdom : Plantae
Division : Magnoliophyta
Class : Magnoliopsida
Order : Brassicales
Family : Caricaceae
Genus : Carica
Species : Carica papaya Linn.
3.2- Vernacular namesEnglish : Papaya, pawpaw, papaw,
Hindi : Papita,
Sanskrit : Arand-kharpuja,
Marathi : Pappay
3- LITERATURE REVIEW
T.Vij, Y.Prashar, et al ,A.Pac.J.Trop.Dis. 2015; 5: 1-6Dulce M Rivera-Pastrana,et al, J.Sci. Food Agric .2010; 90: 2358–2365
3.3- Description
Height : 10 to 15 feet
Spread : 5 to 7 feet
Plant habit : Upright
Growth rate : Fast
3.3.1- Leaf
Leaf color : Green
Leaf arrangement : Alternate
Leaf type : Simple
Leaf shape : Star-shaped
Leaf venation : Palmate
Leaf blade length : 18 to 36 inches
3.3.2- Flower
Flower color : White- yellow
Flower characteristic: winter flowering,
spring flowering.
3.3.3- Fruit
Fruit shape : Oval
Fruit length : 6 to 12 inches
Fruit color : orange; yellow
T.Vij, Y.Prashar, et al ,A.Pac.J.Trop.Dis. 2015; 5: 1-6
Dulce M Rivera-Pastrana,et al, J.Sci. Food Agric .2010; 90: 2358–2365
https://www.evaidya.com
Geographical Distribution
Carica papaya Linn. Cultivation and
collection include Hawaii, Tropical
Africa, the Philippines, India,
Ceylon, Malaysia and Australia,
apart from the widespread but
smaller scale production in South
Africa, and Latin America. In India,
papaya is cultivated in Maharashtra,
Bengal, Bihar, Haryana, Punjab,
Delhi, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh. Cultivators of Carica
papaya Linn are described. These
were found in different varieties
with different characteristic.
http://www.mapsofindia.com/indiaagriculture/frui
ts-map/papaya-producing-states.html
V. Yogiraj, P. K.Goyal, et al, I.J.H. Med 2014; 2 : 01-08
Phytochemical constituents present in Carica papaya Linn.
In phytochemical study of Carica papaya Linn. which mainly include different
type of the chemical compounds .These compounds include alkaloids,
flavonoids, Quinons, Saponin glycoside, Enzymes, Amino acids, Phenols and
phenolic acid, Organic acids, and others like creatine, cholin,Trigonelline etc.
FIGURE No.- (1) PAPAIN (2) LYCOPENE.
M.Azarkan ,et al,“J.chrom. B, 2003;790: 229–238
N. Otsuki, N.H. Dang, et al, J. Ethnopharmacol. 2010;127: 760–767.
FIGURE No.-(3) CARPAINE (4) DEHYDROCARPAINE I (5) DEHYDROCARPAINE II
(6) EMETINE
Chung-Shih Tang, et al, Phytochemistry, 1979; 18: 651-652
Julianti T, et al. Planta Med 2014; 80: 1138-42K. Kovendan, K. Murugan, et al, A.Pac.J.Trop.Dis.(2012)S306-S311
V.Zunjar, et al, J.Ethnopharmacol. 2015(http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.035)
The quantity of carpaine in water, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract was found to be 16.79 ± 0.09 mg/g, 117.10 ± 0.59 mg/g, 99.47 ± 0.53 mg/g.and Qty of other(3)0.15%(4)0.33% (5)0.51% (6) 0.15- 30%
FIGURE No.- (7) Quercetin 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside) (8) Kaempferol 3-(2G-rhamnosylrutinoside) (9)
Quercetin 3-rutinoside (10) Myricetin 3-rhamnoside
A.Nugroho, et al, A. Pac. J.Trop. Biomed 2017; 7: 208–213.
Chen.H., Zuo.Y., Deng.Y, et al, J.Chrom. A 2013: 913, 387–395Rivera-Pastrana.D.M., et al, J. Sci. F. Agric, 2010; 90: 2358–2365.
Content of compounds in MeOH extract of C. papaya leaf mg/g(7)3.11 (8) 7.23 (9) 0.97 (10) 0.81
Figure No. (11) Caffic Acid (12) Ferulic acid (13) 5,7 Dimethoxycoumarin (14) Protocatechuic acid .
A.Caninia, D.Alesiania,et al, J. F. Comp.Analysis 2007;20: 584–590Chen, H., et al , J.Chrom. A 2001; 913, 387–395N.Gonga ,et al, J.Pharm.Biomed.analysis 2015; 115: 74-85Dulce M Rivera-Pastrana,et al, J.Sci. Food Agric .2010; 90: 2358–2365
Qty of compounds in mg/g(11) 0.25(12) 0.19(13) 0.33(14) 0.11
Figure No. (15) p-Coumeric acid R1=R3=R4=H,R2=OH (16) O-Coumaric acid R1=R2=R3=H,R4=OH (17) Chlorogenic acid (18) Quercetin (19) Kaempferol.
A.Nugroho, et al, A. Pac. J.Trop. Biomed 2017; 7: 208–213
A.Caninia, D.Alesiania,et al, J. F. Comp.Analysis 2007;20: 584–590Chen, H., et al , J.Chrom. A 2001; 913, 387–395N.Gonga ,et al, J.Pharm.Biomed.analysis 2015; 115:74-85
The Qty of compounds-mg/g in leaf(15) 0.33(16) 0.29(17) Trace qty(18) 0.03(19) 0.04
3.6- Pharmacological properties of C. papaya Linn
The plant C. papaya has been proved for various medicinal activitieslike antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, wound healing, hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-fertility,histaminergic, diuretic, anti-amoebic, anti-tumor, anthelmintic, effecton smooth muscles, antimalarial, hypoglycemic activity, immuno-modulatory activity, anti-ulcer activity, anti -sickling activity.
3.6.1- Antioxidant activityThe methanolic extract of unripe fruits of C. papaya was evaluated invivo for its effect on activities of some antioxidant enzymes whichincludes glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione transferase (GST),glutathione reductase, catalase and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase in mice treated with a orally dose of 100 mg/kg.potential.11,14
A.Nugroho, H.Heryani, et al, A.P.J.Trop. Biomed, 2017; 7:208-213J.N.Calvache.et al, J.F.Foods, 2016; 27: 319-328Ze-You Li, Y.Wang,et al, A.P. J.Trop. Med., 2012; 5: 231-233N.Otsuki,et al, J.Ethnopharmacology, 2010; 127: 760-767
3.6.2- Anti-hypertensive activityThe ethanolic extract of unripe fruit of C. papaya (20 mg/kg, i.v) wasused for the anti-hypertensive which produced a significantdepression of MAP in normotensive, renal and DOCA-salthypertensive animals groups as scompared to control.
3.6.3- Wound healing activityThe aqueous extract of C. papaya fruit [100 mg/kg. for 10 d] forwound healing. The aqueous extract shows 77% reduction in thewound area when compared to 59% contraction to wound of thecontrols.
3.6.4- Hepatoprotective activityThe aqueous (250 mg/kg, p.o) and ethanol (250 mg/kg, p.o) extractsof C. papaya showed significant hepatoprotection by lowering thebiochemical parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, serum bilirubin,akaline phosphatase.
Shila Gurung,et al, J.Ethnopharmacology 2009; 121: 338–341Sripanidkulchai.B,et al, J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;75: 185-90.
3.6.6- Antimicrobial activity11
The aqueous extract of C. papaya leaves and roots at differentconcentrations (25, 50, 100, 200 mg/mL) showed antimicrobial activityagainst some human pathogenic bacteria using the agar diffusionmethod.
3.6.7- Antifungal activityThe latex of C. papaya and fluconazole has synergistic action on theinhibition of Candida albicans growth. This synergistic effect resultsin partial cell wall degradation. Latex proteins appear to beresponsible for antifungal action and minimum protein concentrationfor producing a complete inhibition was reported as about 138mg/mL.
T. Kokila, P.S. Ramesh,et al,J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf. 2016; 134: 467-473R.Chandrasekaran, S.Gnanasekar.et al, J.Mol.Liq., 2016; 219 232-238Osato.J.A., Santiago.L.A., Remo.G.M.et al, Life Science 53, 1383–1389.
3.6.8- Anti-fertility activityThe crude extract of bark of C. papaya [5-10 mL/(kg. d), p.o for 4 weeks] on the seminiferous tubules of rats showed complete loss of fertility attributing to decline in sperm motility and alteration in their morphology.
3.6.9-Anti- Histaminergic activityThe crude extract of C. papaya (0.5-512 µg/mL) show anti histaminergic activity by acting on H1 receptor.
3.6.10- Diuretic activityAqueous root extract of C. papaya when given orally at the dose of 10 mg/kg to rats produced significant diuretic activity.
3.6.11- Anti-malarial activityThe highest larval mortality in the ethanol leaf extract of C. papay against P. falciparum at different dose concentrations (25, 50,100 and 150 μg/mL) exhibited promising inhibitory activity .
E.Julaeha, Y.Permatasari, et al, J.Procedia Chem. 2015; 17: 66-69E.Hainida, K.Ikram, J.Food Composition and Analysis 2015; 41: 201–211T.Vij, Y.Prashar, et al, A.Pac. J.Trop.Dis. 2015; 5: 01-06K. Kovendan, K. Murugan, C. Panneerselvam, et al, A.Pac.J.Trop.Dis. 2012; 2: 306-311
3.6.12- Hypoglycemic activityThe ethanolic leaf extract of C. papaya at the dose 5.0 mg/ kgproduced significant blood sugar level reduction with no significanteffects at the higher dose of 10 mg/kg. Increased the hypoglycemiceffect of metformin with the variables interacting differently for eachdrug-extract combinations.
3.6.13- Anti-ulcer activityAqueous seed extract of C. papaya at the dose of 50 mg/ kg and 100mg/kg p.o against alcohol induced acute gastric damage and bloodoxidative stress in rats. The gastric acidity was significantly reducedin rats treated with 100 mg/ kg of the extract.
Hussein O.B. Oloyede, Matthew C. Adaja,et al, J.Integr. Med., 2015; 13: 105-114I.E.Juárez-Rojopa,et al, Rev Bras Farmacogn 2014; 24: 341-347 Abo.K.A., Fred.J, et al, J. Ethno pharmacology 2007; 115: 67–71
1
•1:Collection and authentication of plant material.
•Drying and powdering
2
•Preparation of aqueous methanolic extract.
•Fractionation.
3
• Isolation of compound using suitable stationary and mobile phase by chromatography method (CC, FLC, VLC etc ).
•Purification of compound.
4
•Structure Elucidation after isolation and purification by spectroscopy methods (UV, NMR , IR etc.)
•Submission of compound .
OUT LINE FOR WORK PLANE-