references - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in › ... › 93223 › 18 ›...
TRANSCRIPT
EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF SOME ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS OF SOUTHERN ASSAM, INDIA
REFERENCES
145
REFERENCES
Adebivi, A., Adaikan, P.G. & Prasad, R.N. (2002). Papaya (Carica papaya)
consumption is unsafe in pregnancy, fact or fable? Scientific evaluation of a
common belief in some parts of Asia using a rat model. British J. Nutr. 88(2):
199-203.
Afaf, I., Abuelgasim, N.H.S. & Mohammed, A.M. (2008). Hepato-protective
effect of Lepidium sativum against carbontetrachloride-induced damage in rats.
Res. J. Animal Veterinary Sci. 3(1): 20-23.
Agarwal, K., Jha, S., Mukherjee, R. & Burman, A.C. (2008). Protective effects of
Terminalia arjuna against doxorubicin-induced cardio toxicity. ./.
Ethnopharmacol. 117(1): 123-129.
Agarwal, O.P. (1985). Prevention of artheromatous heart disease. Angilo. 36(8):
485-492.
Ahmed, F., AH, M. & Alam, P.(2010). New phytoconstituents from the stem bark
of Tinospora cordifolia Miers. Nat. Prod. Res. 24(10): 926-934.
Ahmed, R., Ifja, S.M., Saifuddin, A. & Nazeera, M. (1995). studies on Punica
granatum- isolation and identification of some constituents from the seeds of
Punica granatum. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 8(1): 69-71.
Ahsan, M.R., Islam, K.M, Bulbul, I.J., Musadik M.A. & Haque, E. (2009).
Hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of some medicinal plants against
carbontctrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Euro. J. Sci. Res. 37 (2): 302-
310.
146
Anis, E., Anis, I., Ahmed, S., Mustafa, G., Malik, A., Afja, N., Hai, S.M., Hussan,
S.U. & Choudhary, M. I. (2002). Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory constituents from
Cuscuta reflexa. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 50(1): 112-114.
Anonymous. (1992).The useful plants of India. Publication and Information
Directorate, C.S.I.R, New Delhi.
Anshoo, G.S., Singh, S., Kulkarni, A., Pant, S. & Vijayaraghavan, R. (2005).
Protective effect of Aloe vera L. gel against sulphur mustard-induced systemic
toxicity and skin lesions. Indian J. Pharmacol. 37(2): 103-110.
Antony, B., Santhakumari, G., Merina, B., Sheeba, V. & Mukkadan, J. (2006).
Hepatoprotective effect of Cental/a asiatica (L) Urban in carbontetrachloride
induced liver injury in rats. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 68(6): 772-776.
Anwar, M.M., Kalpana., M. M., Bhadra, B., Rahman, S ., Sarkar, S., Chowdhury,
M.H. & Rahmatullah, M. (2010). Antihyperglycemic activity and brine shrimp
lethality studies on methanol extract of Cajanus Cajan (L.) millsp. leaves and
roots. Advan. Nat. & Applied Sci. 4(3): 311-316.
Ara, A., Reddy, S.K. & Reddy C.S. (2009). Hepatoprotective activity of
Cardiospermum helicacabum stem extracts against carbontetrachloride induced
hepatotoxicity in wistcr rats. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. & Nanotech. 2(1): 487-492.
Arisawa, M., Minabe, N. & Saeki, R. (1971). The components of flavonoids of
Chenopodium genus plants (1) Favonoids of Chenopodium ambrosiodes L.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 91(5): 522-524.
147
Ami, v., Miyazaki, S. & Dhananjayan, R. (2005). Studies on the anti
inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of the leaves of Aegle
marmelos Corr. J. Eihwphannocol. 96 (1-2): 159-163.
Arunkumar, S. & Muthuselvam, M. (2009). Analysis of phytochemical
constituents and antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera L. against clinical pathogens.
WorldJ. Agric. Sci. 5 (5): 572-576.
Arya, V., Yadav, S., Kumar, S. & Yadav J.P. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of
Cassia occidentalis L (leaf) against various human pathogenic microbes. Life Sci.
&Med. Res.. 9: 1-11.
Asolkar, L.V., Kokor, K.K. & Clarke, O.J. (1992). Glossary of Indian medicinal
plants with active principles, part 1 (A-K) (1965-1981) C.S.I.R. publicalion, New
Delhi.
Awasthi, L.P. (1981). The purification and nature of an antiviral protein from
Cuscula rejlexa plant. Arch viral. 70(3): 215-223.
Babu, T.D., Kuttan, G. & Padikkala, J. (1995). Cytotoxic and anti-tumor
properties of certain taxa of Umbelliferae with special reference to Cenlalla
asiatica (L) Urban. JEthnopharmacol. 48(1): 53-57.
Bachaya, H.A., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.A., Gilani, J.H. & Din, I.U. (2009). In vitro and
in vivo anthelmintic activity of Terminalia arjuna bark. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 11:
273-278.
148
Badam, L., Joshi S.P., & Bedekar, S.S. (1999). In vitro antiviral activity of neem
{Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract against group B coxsackie viruses. ./
Common Dis. 31(2): 79-90.
Bakht, J., Tayyab, M., AH, H., Islam, A. & Shafi, M. (2011). Effect of different
solvent extracted sample oi Allium sativum (Linn) on bacteria and fungi. Afr. J.
Biotech. 10(31): 5910-5915.
Bakr, R.A., Fattah, H.A., Salim, N.M. & Atiya, N.H. (2010). Insecticidal activity
of four volatile oils on two museum insects pests. Egypt. Acad. J. Bio. Sci. 2(2):
57- 66.
Balakrishnan, B.R., Sagameswaran, R. & Bhaskar ,V.H. (2009). Effect of
methanol extract of Cuscuta reflexa aerial parts on hepatotoxicity induced by
antitubercular drugs in rats. Int. J. Applied Res. Nat. Prod.'i{\):\%-22.
Balakrishnan, N.P. (1981 &1983). Flora of Jowai. Vol 1 &2, Botanical Survey of
India, Howrah. India.
Banik, G. (2009). Anti diabetes plants of Southern Assam with special reference
to biological screening. Ph.D thesis of Department of Life Science &
Bioinformatics,/i55am University . Silchar. India. 3.
Barasnev, Y.I. (1970). Aloe extract used successfully in the process of brain
compensation: An experiment study on animals. Russi. J. Neuropathol. Sci.
(Zhurnal Neuropathologii Psikhiatrii.).\ 815-1819.
Barua, A.K., Chowdhury, M.K., Biswas, S., Gupta, CD., Banerjee S.K., Saha,
S.K., Patra, A. & Mitra, A.K.(1985). The structure and stereochemistry of
149
phlogantholide-A, a diterpene from Phlogacanthus ihyrsiflorus. Phytochem.
24(9): 2037-2039.
Bauer, A.W., Kirby W.M., Sherris J.C. & Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic
susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45
(4): 493-496.
Bhakta, T.A., Mukherjee, P.K., Mukherjee, K ., Banerjee, S., Mandal S.C, Maity
T.K., Pal, M. & Saha B.P. (1997). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of
Cassia fistula leaf extract../. Ethnopharmacol. 66 (3): 277-282.
Bhat, P.G. & Surolia, N. (2001). In vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of three
plants used in the traditional medicine of India. Am. J. Prop. Med. Hyg. 65(4):
304-308.
Bhattacharjee, 1., Chatterjee, S.K., Chatterjee, S. & Chandra, G. (2006).
Antimicrobial potential of Argemone mexicana solvent extracts against some
pathogenic bacteria. Memo. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. 101(6): 645-648.
Bhattacharya, P.N. & Jha, D.K. (2011). Antidermatophytic and antioxidant
activity of Perminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. bark. Int. J. Pharm. & Bio.
Arch. 2(3): 973-979
Bhoomannavar, V.S., Shivakumar, S.I., Hallikeri, C.S. & Hatapakki, B.C. (2011).
Hepatoprotective activity of leaves of Neptunia Oleracea Lour in
carbontetrachloride induced rat. Res. J. Pharm. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2(2): 309-314.
Bor, N.L. (1940). Flora of Assam. Vol. 5 (Gramineae). Assam Govt. Press,
Shillong.
150
Borole, S.P., Oswal, R.J., Antre, R.V., Kshirsagar, S.S. & Begul, Y.R. (2011).
Evaluation of anti-epileptic activity of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Res. J. Pharm. Bio.
Chem.Sci.2{l): 657-663.
Buttle, D.J. & Barrett, A.J. (1984). Chymopapains, chromatographic purification
and immunological characterization. Biochem. J. 223(1): 81-88.
Cera, L.M., Heggers, J.P., Robson, M.C. & Hafstron, W.J. (1980). The therapeutic
efficacy of Aloe vera cream in themal injuries: Two case reports. J. Am. Anim.
Hosp. Asso. 16:16%-111. •
Chakraborty, B., Sharma, G.D. & Sengupta, M. (2009). Immunomodulatory
properties of Tinospora cordifolia in carbontetrachloride intoxicated swiss albino
mice. Assam Univ. J. Sci. & Techno. Bio. Sci. 4(1): 35-39.
Chander, R., Singh, K., Khanna, A.K., Kaul, S.M., Puri, A., Saxena, R., Bhatia,
G., Rizivi, F. & Rastogi, A.K. (2004). Antidyslipidemic and Antioxidant activities
of different fractions of Terminalia arjuna stem bark. Indian J. Clin. Biochem.
19(2): 141-148.
Chandrasekar, B., Mukherjee, B. & Mukherjee, S.K. (1988). Blood sugar
lowering of Trichosanthus dioca Roxb. in experimental rat model. Int. J. Crude
Drug Res. 26:\02-\06
Chang, S.C, Fang C.T., Hsueh, P.R., Chen, Y.C. & Luh, K.T. (2000). Klebsiella
pneumoniae isolates causing liver abscess in Taiwan. Diagn. Microbiol infect.
Dis. 37(4): 279-84.
151
Chang, Y.C., Hsieh., P.W., Chang, F.R., Wu, R.R., Liaw, C.C, Lee, K.H., Wu Y.C.(
2003). Two new protopines argemexicaines A and B and the anti-HIV alkaloid 6-
acetonyldihydrochelerythrine from formosan Argemone mexicana. Planta Medica.
69(2): 148-152.
Chansukh, K., Palanuvej C. & Ruangrungsi, N. (2011). Antibacterial activities of
selected Thai medicinal plants Bearing quinonoids. 37th Congress on Science and
Technology of Thailand. 1 -5.
Chanwitheesuk, A., Teerawutgulrag, A. & Rakariyatham, N. (2005). Screening of
antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds of some edible plants of Thailand.
FoodChem. 92:491^97.
Chatterjee, D., Sahu, R.K., Jha, A.K. & Dwivedi, J. (2010). Evaluation of
antitumor activity of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb (Cuscutaceae) against enrlich ascites
carcinoma in swiss albino mice. Trop. J. Pharm. 10(4): 447-454.
Chattopadhyay, R.R. & Bandyaopadhyay, M. (2005). Possible mechanism of
hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica A.Juss leaf extract against
paracetamol- induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J. Pharmacol. 37(3): 184-
185.
Chauhan, J.S. & Sarswat, M.A. (1978). A new glycoside from stem of Nyctanthes
arbortristis. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 55(10): 1049- 1051.
Chekem, M.S.G., Lunga, P.K., Tamokou, J.D.D., Kuiate, J.R ., Tane, P., Vilarem,
G. & Cerney, M. (2010). Antifungal properties of Chenopodium ambrosiodes L
essential oil against Candida species. Pharm. 3 (9): 2900-2909.
152
Chhabra, S., Thakral, J., Kamboj, P. & Paliwal, Y. (2010). Comparative
evaluation of antimicrobial potential of different extracts of Cuscuta relexa Roxb
growing on Acacia Arabica and Zizyphus jujube. Pharamacognosy. J. 2(9): 293-
296.
Choudhury S., Choudhury, M.D., Sharma, G.D. and Paul, S.B. (2010).
Antibacterial activity of crude leaf extracts of Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K.
^chumdcn. Assam University J. Sci. & Techno. 5(1): 53-57.
Cooksey, C.J., Dahiya, J.S., Garratt, P.J. & Strang R.N. (1980). Two novel
stibene-2-carboxylic acid phytolexins from Cajanus cajan. Phytochem. 21(12):
2935-2938.
Couthino, H.D.M., Costa, J.G.M., Lima, E.G., Silva, V.S.F. & Falcao, J.P.S.
(2009). Potentiating effect of Mentha arvensis and Chlorpromazine in the
resistant to aminoglycoside of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In
vivo. 23(2):287-289.
Dandagi, P.M., Patil, M.B., Mastiholimath V.S., Gadad, A.p. & Dhumansure,
R.H. (2008). Evaluation and hepatoprotective activity of polyherbal formulation
containing some indigineous medicinal plant. Indian J. Pharam. Sci. 70(2): 265-
268.
Dandagi, P.M., Patil, M.B., Mastiholimath, V.S., Gadad, A.P. & Dhumansure
R.H. (2008). Development and evaluation of hepatoprotective polyherbal
formulation containing some indigenous medicinal plants. Indian J. Pharm. Sci.
70(2): 265-268.
153
Das, S. & Choudhury, M. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of stem bark extracts
from the plant Oroxylum indicum Vent. Assam University J. Sci. & Tech. 5 (1):
95-99.
Das, S., Samsal, D. & Basu, S.P. (2008). Evaluation of CNS depressant activity of
different plants parts of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 70(6):
803-806.
Dasgupta, T., Banerjee, S., Yadav, P.K. & Rao, A.R .(2004). Chemopreventive
potential of Azadirachta indica A.Juss (Neem) leaf extract in murine
carcinogenesis model system. J. Ethnaopharmacol. 92(1): 23-36.
Dash, G.K. & Murthy, P.N. (2011). Evaluation of Argeinone mexicana L. leaves
for wound healing activity. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour. l(l):46-56.
Davis, R.H., Di, D.J. J., Hartman, G. M. & Haas. R.C. (1992). Mannose-6-
phosphate: Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity of a growth substance
in Aloe vera Submitted for 1993 William J. Stickle Award.
Davis, R.H., Leitner, M.G., Russo, J.M. & Matro, N.P. (1987). Biological activity
of Aloe vera. Med. Sci. Res. 15: 235
Deb, D.B. (1981). Flora of Tripura state. Vol 1, Today's and Tomorrows's
Printers & Publisher, New Delhi.
Deb, D.B. (1983). Flora of Tripura state. Vol 1, Today's and Tomorrows's
Printers & Publisher, New Delhi.
Devi, L.D. (1990). Folklore medicines of ethnobiological importance in Manipur.
Vol 1, Dhanpati Devi publisher, Imphal.
154
Dey, K.L. (1996). Indigenous drugs of India. International Book Distributors,
Dehradun, India.
Dhaliwal, K.S.(1999). Method and composition for treatment of diabetes. US
Patent. 5886029
Dhanamani , M., Lakshmidevi S. & Karpagavalli, A. (2011). Evaluation of
antibacterial activity on Cayratia Carnosa Gagnep. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 3(2):
432-434.
Dhawan, B.N., Patnaik, G.K., Rastogi ,R.P., Singh, K.K. & Tandon, J.S. (1977).
Screening of Indian plants for biological activity. Pharam. Sci. 15:208-219.
Doud, M.S., Grimes, Z.R., Molina,E., Miller, N., Balachandar, D., Schneper L,
Poppiti, R. & Mathee, K.A. (2009). k2A-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae causes
liver and brain abscess in a Saint Kitt's man. Int. J. Med. Sci. 6: 301-304.
Du, Q., Zhang, Q. & Ito, Y. (2005).Isolation And identification of phenolic
compounds in the fruit of Benincasa hispida. J. Liquid Chromato. & Related
Techno. 28(1): 137-144.
Duarte, M.C.T., Figueira, G.M., Sartoratto, A., Rehder, V.L..G, & Delarmelina, C.
(2005). Anti- Candida activity of Brazilian medicinal plant. J. Ethnopharmacol.
97(2): 305-311.
Duraipandian, V., Ayyanar, M. & Ignacimuthu, S. (2006). Antimicrobial activity
of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyer tribe from Tamil Nadu, India
BMC Complemen. & Alternative Med. 6:35.
155
Dwivedi, D. (2007).Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn.- A useful drug for
cardiovascular disorders. J. Ethnopharmacol. 114(2): 114-129.
Echeverri, F., Torres, F., Quinones, W., Cardona, G., Archbold, R., Roldan, J.,
Brito, I., Luis, J.G. & Lahlou E.h.(1997). Danielone, a phytoalexin from papaya
fruit. Phytochem. 44(2): 255-456.
Ecobichon, D. J. (1997). The basis of toxicology testing. CRC Press. 43-86.
Eguale, T. & Giday, M. (2009). In vitro anthelmintic activity of three medicinal
plants against Haemonchus contortus. Int. J. Green Pharmacy. 3(1): 29-34.
Egwaikhide, P.A., Okeniyi, S.O. & Gimba, C.E. (2007). Screening for
antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal
plants./l(/va«. Bio. Res. 1(5-6): 155-158.
Elango, G., Rahuman, A.A., Bagavan, A., Kamaraj, C., Zahir, A. A. &
Venkatesan, C. (2009). Laboratory study on larvicidal activity of indigenous plant
extracts against Anopheles subpictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Parasitology
/?ei-. 104 (6): 1381-1388.
Emeruwa, A.C. (1982).Antibacterial substances from Carica papaya fruit extract.
J. Nat. Prod. 45(2): 123-127.
Eno, A.E., Owo, 0.1., Itam, E.H. & Konya, R.S. (2000). Blood pressure
depression by the fruit juice of Carica papaya Linn, in renal and DOCA induced
hypertension in the rats. Phytother. Res. 14(4): 235-239.
156
Eshun, G.D., Jaroszewski ,J.W., Asomaning, W.A., Boachie, F.O .& Chritensen,
S.B. (2004). Antiplasmodial constituent Cajanus cajan. Phytother. Res.
18(2):128-130.
Evans, W.C.(1996). Trease and Evan's Pharmacognosy, Eds. 14 th W,B. Saunders
Company, London. U.K.
Ezike, A.C., Akah, P.A., Okoli, C.C. & Okpala, C.B. (2010). Experimental
evidence for the antidiabetic activity of Cajanus cajan leave in rats../. Basic and
Clinical Pharmacy. 1(2): 82-84.
Fabricant, D.S. & Farnsworth, N.R. (2001). The Value of plants used in traditional
Medicine for Drug Discovery. Environ. Health Perspec. 109 (1): 69-75.
Fleischer, T.C., Ameade, E. P. K., Mensah, M. L. K. & Sawer 1. K. (2003).
Antimicrobial activity of the leaves and seeds ofBixa orellana. Fitoterapia. 74 (1-
2): 136-138.
Ford, R.L (1978). The nature and status of Ethnobotany anthropological paper no.
67. Mus. Anthrop. Univ. Michigon Arnold. Arboraatum.
Fujita, K.T.R & Nagatsu, T. (1976). Bradykinase activity of Aloe extract.
Biochem. Pharm. 25: 205.
Gauthaman,K., Maulik, M., Kumar, I. R., Manchanda, S.C, Dinda, A.K. &
Maulik, S.K. (2001). Effect of chronic treatment with bark of Terminalia arjuna: a
study on the isolated ischemic-reperfused rat heart. ./. Ethnopharmacol. 75(2-3):
197-201.
157
Chaises ,M.M., Tanwar, M.B., Ninava, P.B., Navghare, V.V. & Deshpande, T.
(2008). Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous & etlianolic extract of T.dioca in
ferrous sulphate induced liver injury. Pharmacologyonl. 3: 127-135.
Graz, B., Willcox, M.L., Diakite, C, Falquet, J., Dackuo, F., Sidibe, O., Giani, S.
& Diallo, D. (2010). Argemone mexicana decoction versus artesunate-
amodiaquine for the management of malaria in mali policy and Public health
implicatins. Transactions Royal Soc. Tropical Med. & Hygiene. 104(1): 33-41.
Gupta, N.K. & Dixit V.K. (2009). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of
Cleome viscose Linn, extract. Indian J Pharmacol. 41(1): 36-40.
Hafidh, R.A., Ahmed, S., Abdulamir, L. S. V., Bakar F.A. & S Faridah,
A.(2011).Inhibition of growth of highly resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens,
by a natural product. Microbio. J. 5: 96-106.
Hajare, S.W., Chandra, S.,Tandan, S.K., Sarma, J., Lai, J. & A. C. Telang. (2000).
Analgesic and antipyretic activities of Dalbergia sissoo leaves. Indian J.
Pharmacol. 32: 357-360.
Harborne, J.B. (1973). Phytochemical methods, London. Chapman and Hall, Ltd:
49-188.
Harborne, J.B. (1984). Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Hall Ltd, London..
2"" edition : 276.
Helmy, W.A., Amer, H. & Shayeb, M.E.E. (2007). Biological and antimicrobial
activities of aqueous extracts from Neem tree (Azadirachia indica A.Juss.
Meliaceae). J. AppliedSci. Res. 3(10): 1050-1055.
158
Hikosaka, K., Koyama, Y., Nakamura, K., Koge, K., Shimura, K., Yamada ,T.M
.(2006). Reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Nitric oxide production in
peritoneal macrophages and inhibited LPS-induced lethal shock in mice by a
Sugar cane {Saccharum officinarum L.) extract. Biosci. Biotech. & Biochem.
70(12): 2853-2858.
Hogade, M.G., Patil, K.S.,Wadkar G.H., Mathapati, S.S. 8c Dhumal P.B.(2010).
Hepatoprotective activity of Morns alba (Linn.) leaves extract against
carbontetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Afr. J. Pharmacy &
Pharmacol. 4{\0y. 731-734.
Hooker, J. D. (1872-1897). The flora of British India. 7 vols , Reeve & Co. Ltd.,
Ashford, Kent, London.
Hora, J.J., Meydew, E.R., Lansky, E.P. & Dwivedi, C. (2003). Chemopreventive
effect of Pomegranate seed oil on skin tumor. J. Med Food. 6(3): 157-161.
Ibironke, G.F., & Ajiboye, K.I. (2007). Studies on the anti-inflammatory and
analgesic properties of Chenopodium ambrosiodes L leaf extract in rats. Int. J.
Pharmacol. 3(1): 111-115.
Idris, S., Ndukwe G.l. & Gimba C.E. (2009). Preliminary phytochemical
screening and antimicrobial activity of seed extracts of Persea americana
(avocado pear). Bayero J. Pure & Applied Sci. 2(1): 173 -176.
Imao, K., Wang, H., Komatsu, M. & Hiramatsu, M. (1998). Free radical
scavenging activity of fermented papaya preparation and its effect on lipid
peroxide level and superperoxide dismutase activity in iron-induced epileptic foci
of rats. Biochem. Mol. Bio. Int. 45(1): 11-23.
159
Ishiuchi, K., Kodama, S., Kubota, T., Hayashi, S., Shibata, T. & Kobayashi, J.
(2009). Lannotinidines H-J Lycopodium alkaloids from Lycopodium annotinum.
Chem. Pharm. Bull. 57(8): 877-81.
Jacques, B., Yueping, Z., Diana, K. & Jakov, S (2000). A Double- blind, Placebo-
Controlled Study On The Effects of Gotu KOLA {Centalla asiatica) On A coustic
tartle Response in Healthy Subjects. J. Clinic. Psychopharmacol. 20(6): 680-684.
Jagetia, G.C, Nayak, V. & Vidyasaga,r M.S.(1998). Evaluation of
theantineoplastic activity of guduchi {Tinospora cordifolid) in cultured HeLa
CQW?,. Cancer Lett. 127:71-82.
Jain, S.K. & Rao, R.R. (1977).A Handbook of field and herbarium methods.
Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, New Delhi.
Jain, S.K. (1964).The role of botanists in folklore research. Folklore. 5(4): 145-
150.
Jain, S.K. (1967). Ethnobotany, its scope and study in India. Museum Bull. 2(1):
39-43.
Jain, S.K. (1987). A manual of ethnobotany. Scientific Publisher. Jodhpur, India.
Jamuna, K.S., Ramesh, C.K., Srinivasa., T.R. & Raghu, K.I. ( 2011). In vitro
antioxidant studies in some common fruits. Int. J. Pharmacy & Pharm. Sci. 31(1):
60-65.
Janakat, S., & Nassar, M. (2010). Hepatoprotective activity of Desert Truffle
(Terfezia claveryi) in comparison to Nigella sativa in rats. Pakistan J. nutrition.
9(1): 52-56.
160
Jantan, B.I. & Goh, S. H. (1992) Essential oils of Cinnamomum species from
Peninsular Malaysia, y. Essent. Oil Res. 4: 161-171.
Jayalakshmi, B., Raveesha, K.A. & Amruthesh, K.N. (2011). Phytochemical
investigations and antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants against
pathogenic bacteria. J. appliedpharm. Sci. 1(05): 124-128.
Jayasree, T., Kishore, K.K., Vinay, M., Vasavi, P., Dixit, R., Rajanikanth, M. &
Manohar, V.S. (2011). Diuretic effect of chloroform extract of Benincasa hispida
rind (pericarp) in sprague- dawley rats. Int. J. Applied Bio. & Pharm. Technol.
2(2):94-99.
Jena, B.S., Guddadarangavvanahally, K., Jayaprakasha, L. & Sarkariah, K.K.
(2002). Organic Acids from leaves, fruits and rinds of Garcinia cowa . J. Agri.
FoodChem. 50(12): 3431-3434.
Jendrassik, L. & Grof, P.(1938). Biochem .297:87
Jenkins, K.M., Jensen, P.R. & Fenical. W. (1998). Bioassay with marine
organisms: Part ii .Marine microbial chemical ecology, in: Haynes, K., Millar,
J.C. (eds) methods in chemical ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York.l: 32
Johnson, D.E. & Kroening, C. (1998). Mechanism of early Carbontetrachloride
toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Pharmacol.& Toxicol. 83(6): 231- 239.
Joseph, J. (1982). Flora of Nongopoh and vicinity. East Khasi hills District,
Meghalaya, Govt ofMeghalaya.
161
Joy, P.P., Thomas, J., Mathew, S. & Skaria, B.P.( 2001). Medicinal Plants.
Tropical Horticulture Vol. 2. (eds. Bose, T.K., Kabir, J.,Das, P. and Joy, P.P.).
Kaya Prakash, Calcutta: 449-632.
Kalaivani, T., Premkumar, N., Ramya, S., Siva, R., Vijayakumar, V.,
Meignanam, E., Rajasekaran, C. & Jayakumararaj, R. (2009). Investigations on
hepatoprotective activity of leaf extracts ofAegle marmelos (L.) Corr. (Rutaceae).
Ethnohot. Leaflets. 13: 47-50.
Kaldhone, P.R ., Joshi, Y.M., Kadam V.J. Patil, Y.N. & Patil, Y.N. (2009).
Investigation of hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Canna indica L. on
carbon tetrachloride treated rats. J. Pharmacy Res. 2 (12): 1879-1882.
Kanjilal, U.N., Kanjilal, P.C. & Das, A. (1938). Flora of Assam. Vol 2, Govt
Press, Shillong.
Kanjilal, U.N., Kanjilal, P.C, Das, A. & Purkaystha, C. (1934). Flora of Assam.
Vol. 1, Gov^Prei'j', Shillong.
Kanjilal, U.N., Kanjilal., P.C, Das, A. & Dey, R.N. (1940). Flora of Assam.
Vol.4, Assam Govt Press, Shillong.
Kanjilal, U.N., Kanjilal., P.C, Das, A. & Dey, R.N. (1940). Flora of Assam.
Vol.4, Assam Govt Press, Shillong.
Kasali, A.A., Ekundayo, O., Paul, C , Konig, W.A, Eshilokun, A.O. & Bolaj Ige G
.(2006). l,2:3,4-Diepoxyp-menthane and l,4-epoxy-p-menth-2-ene: Rare
monoterpenoids From The Essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosiodes L. Var
ambrosiodes leaves. J. Essen. Oil Res. 18: 13-15.
162
Kavitha, B.T., Shruthi, S.D., Rai, S.P. & Ramachandran, Y.L. (2011).
Phytochemical.analysis and hepatoprotective properties of Tinospora cordifolia
against carbontetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats. J. Basic & Clin.
Pharamacy. 2 (3): 139-142
Kermanshai, R., Mccarry, B.E., Rosenfeld, J., Summers, P.S., Weretilinyk, E.A &
Sorger, G.J. (2001). Benzyl isothiocyanate is the chief or sole anthelmintic in
papaya seed extracts. Phytochem. 57(3): 427-435.
Khandelwal, K.R., Pawar, A.P., Kokate C.K. & Gokhle S.B. (1996). Practical
Pharmacogonsy. Nirali Prakashan.\A9.
Khare, C.P. (2007). Indian Medicinal plants: An illustrated dictionary. Edition 1.
Springer- Verlag Heidelberg. 468.
King, E.I., Fadlabul, M.AM. & Walker, P.O. (1951). King Armstrong
phosphatase estimation by the determination of liberated phosphate. J. Clin. Path.
4:85-91.
Kirtikar, K.R & Basu, B.D. (1993). Indian medicinal plants. Vols 1-4, L.M. Basu,
Allahabad, India.
Kiuchi, F., Itanoy, Y., Uchiyama, N., Honda, G., Tsubouchi, A.,
Nakajimashimada, J. & Aoki, T. (2002). Monoterpenehydroperoxides with
trypanocidal activity from Chenopodium ambrosiodes L. J. Nat. Prod. 65(4) :
509-512.
Kokate, C.K. (1994). Practical Pharmacognosy. Vallalbh Prakashan, Delhi.
108,128,178.
163
Kong, Y., Fu Y.J., Zu, Y.G., Chang, F.R., Chen, Y.H., Liu, X.L., Stelten J &
Schiebel (2010). Cajanuslactone, a new coumarin with antibacterial activity from
pigeon pea [Cqjanus cajnan {L} Millsp] Leaves. Food chem. 121(4): 1150-1155.
Krishna, K.L., Mruthunjaya, K. & Patel, J. A. (2010). Antioxidant and
hepatoprotective potential of stem of methanolic extract of Justicia gendarussa
Burn. Int. J. Pharmacol. 6: 72-80.
Kritikar, K.R. & Basu, B.D. (1998). Indian Medicinal plants vol-2. International
Book Distributor, DehraDun: 1097-1099.
Kumar, A. & Ramu P. (2002).Effects of methanolic extract of Benincasa hispida
against histamine and acetylcholine induced bronchospam in guine pig. Indian J.
Pharmacolo. 34 (5): 365-366.
Kumar, M.H.V. & Gupta, Y.K. (2002). Effect of different extracts of Centalla
asiatica on cognition and markers of oxidative stress in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.
79(2):253-260.
Kumar, R., Kumar, S. & Patra, A. (2009). Hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts
of Plumbago zeylanica against carbontetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Int. J. Pharamcy &Pharm. Sci. 1(1): 171-175
Kumar, S. (2002). The medicinal plants of North- East India. Scientific publisher,
Jodhpur, India.
Kundu, R., Dasgupta, S., Biswas, A., Bhattachary,A. Pal, B.C., Bandyopadhyay,
D., Bandyopadhyay, S. & Bhattacharaya, S. (2008). Cajanus cajan Linn.
164
(Leguminosae) prevents alcohol-induced rat liver damage and augments
cytoprotcctive function../. Ethnopharmacol. 118(3): 440- 447.
Langmead, L., Makins, R. J. & Rampton, D.S. (2004). Anti-inflammatory effects
of Aloe vera gel in human colorectal mucosa in vitro. Aliment Pharmacol.
Therapeutic. 19(5): 521-527.
Lee, K.H., Kim, J.H., Lim, D.S. & Kim C.H. (2000). Anti-leukaemic and anti-
mutagenic effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from Aloe vera Linn. J.
Pharmacy and Pharmacol. 52(5): 593-598.
Lim, H.K., Kim, H.S, Choi, H.S., Oh, S. & Choi, J.(2000). Hepatoprotective
effects of bergenin, a major constituent of Mallotus japonicus on CCl 4
intoxicated rats. J. Ethanopharmacol.12 (3): 469-74.
Lin, C.C, Yen, M. H, Lo, T. S. & Lin, J. M. (1998). Evaluation of the
hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Boehmeria nivea var. nivea and B.
nivea var. tenacissima, J. Ethnopharmacol. 60(1): 9-17
Loffer, C , Sahm, A., Czygn, F.C.,Prokasch, P. & Wray, V. (1995).Soluble
phenolic compounds from Cuscuta reflexa and Cuscuta platyloba. Biochem. Syste.
ScEcolo. 23(2): 121-128.
Londonkar, R.L. & Poddar, P.V. (2009). Studies on activity of various extracts of
Mentha arvensis Linn against drug induced gastric ulcer in mammals. World J.
Gastrointe.st. Oncol. 1(1): 82-88.
165
Maheswari, C , Maryammal, R. & Venkatanarayanan, R. (2008). Hepatoprotective
activity of ''Orthosiphon stamineus" on liver damage caused by Paracetamol in
rats. Jordan J. Biolog. SciA (3): 105 -108.
Majeed, S.A. & Abidunnisa, T. (2011). Study on repellent activity of Argemone
mexicana on Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Int. J. Pharm. Res. and
Deve/op. 3(3): 206-211.
Manandhar ,M.D., Shoeb, A., Kapil, R.S. & Popli, S.P. (1978). New alkaloids
from Aegle marmelos. Phytochem. 17(10): 1814-1815.
Mandal U., Nandi, D., Chatterjee, K., Biswas, A. & Ghosh, D .(2010).Remedial
effect of aqueous extract of whole plant of Fumaria vaillantii Loisel and ripe fruit
of Benincasa hispida Thunb in ranitidine induced-hypo- chlorhydic male rat. Int.
J. Applied Res. Nat. Prod 3(l):37-47.
Mandal, A. & Majumdar, K.(1968). Effect of Streptomycin on some enzyme
systems of Bacillus subtilis . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 16(11): 1786-1789.
Manikandan, P., Letchoumy, P.V., Gopalkrishnan, M. & Nagini, S. (2008).
Evaluation of Azadirachta indica leaf fractions for in vitro antioxidant potential
and in vivo modulation in the hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis model. Food
& Chem. Toxicol. 46(7): 2332-2343.
Manjunatha, B.K. (2006). Hepatoprotective activity of Pterocarpus santalinus
L.f, an endangered medicinal plant. Indian J. Pharmacol. 38 (1): 25-28.
Mathad, V.B., Chandanam, S., Setty, S., Ramaiyan, S.R.T ., Veeranna, D. &
Lakshminarayansetty, .B. & Vechham, A.B. (2005). Antidiarrheal evaluation of
166
Benincasa hispida (Thunb) Cogn. fruits extracts. Indian J. pharmacol. &
therapeutics. 4(1): 24-27.
Mathew, N., Anitha, M.G., Bala, T.S.L., Sivakumar, S.M., Narmadha, R. &
Kalyanasudaram, M. (2009). Larvicidal activity of Saraca indica, Nyctanthes
arbortristis, and Clitoria ternatea extracts against three mosquito vector species.
Parasitol. Res. 104(5): 1017-1025.
Matsuda, H., Morikawa, T., Ueda H. & Yoshikawa, M. (2001). Medicinal
foodstuffer XXVI inhibitors of aldose reductase and new Triterpene and its
Oligoglycoside, Centellasapogenol A and Centallasaponin A, from Centalla
asiatica (L) Urban (Gotu Kola). Heterocycles. 55(8): 1499-1504.
Media centre, (WHO). (2008).Traditional medicine WHO report on percentage of
traditional medicine. Fact sheet N° 134.
Mehdipour, S., Yasa, N., Dehghan, G., Khorasani R., Mohammadirad, A.,
Rahimi, R. & AbdoUahi, M. (2006). Antioxidant potentials of Iranian Carica
papaya juicQ in vitro and in vivo are comparable to alpha - tocopherol. Phytother.
Res. 20(7): 591-594.
Mehrotra R., Katiyar, C. & Gupta, A.P. (2000). Hepatoprotective compositions
and composition for treatment of conditions related to hepatitis B and E infection.
US Patent. 749296.
Miller, D.F. (1958). Composition of cereal grains and forages. National Academy
of Sciences, National Research Council, Washington, DC. Publ. 585.
167
Mishra, A,K., Dwivedi, S.K. & Kishore, N. (1989). Antifungal activity of some
essential oils. Nat. Academy Sci. Letters. 12: 335-336.
Mitra, C. R (1963) Neem, Dr M. S. Patel, Indian Central Oilseeds Committee,
Hyderabad: 69-94.
Mujeeb, V., Bagri, A.P. & Khan, S.A.(2010). Hepatoprotective activity of
methanolic extract of Tylophora Indica (Burm.F,) MeriJl. leaves. Int. J. Green
Pharm. 3(2): 125-127.
Nadella , D. & Paarakh, P.M (2011).Antibactrial activity of different extracts of
stem bark oi Holoptelea integhfolia Roxb (Planch). Int. J. Res. pharmacy .2(1):
111-113.
Nakumara, Y., Murakami, A, Koshimizu, K. & Ohigash, H. (1996): Identification
of pheophorbide a and its related compounds as possible anti-tumor promoters in
the leaves of Neptunia oleracea. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 60(6): 1028-1030.
Nammi S., Gudavalli, R., Babu, B.S.R., Lodagala, D.S. & Boini, K.M .(2003).
Possible mechanisms of hypotension produced 70% alcoholic extract of
Terminalia arjuna (L.) in anaesthetized dogs. BMC Complem. & Alter. Med. 3
(5): 1-4.
Nascimento, F.R., Cruz , G.V., Pereira, P.V., Maciel M.C., Silva L.A., Azevedo
A.P., Barroqueiro E.S. & Guerra R.N. (2006). Ascitic and solid Ehrlich tumor
inhibition by Chenopodium ambrosiodes L. treatment. Life Sci. 78(22): 2650-
2653.
168
Nawaz, A.H.M.M., Hussain M, Karim, M., Khan, M., Jahan R. & Rahmatullah
M.(2009). An ethnobotany survey of Jessore district in Khulna division,
Bangladesh. Am. Eurasian J. Sustain. Agric. 3(2): 195-201.
Nayak, S.S., Jain, R. & Sahoo, A.K. (2011). Hepatoprotective activity of
Glycosmis pentaphylla against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss
albino mice. Pharm. Biol. 49(2): 111-7.
Nayar, M.P., Ramamurthy, K. & Agarwal, V.S. (1969). Economic plants of India.
Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
Negi, P.S., Jayaprakasha, G.K. & Jena B.S. (2010). Evaluation of antioxidant and
antimutagenic activities of the extracts from fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa. Int. J.
Food Proper. 13(6): 1256-1265.
Negi, P.S., Jyaprakasha,. G.K. & Jena, B.S. (2008). Antibacterial activity of the
extracts from the fruit rinds of Garcinia cowa and Garcinia pedunculata against
food borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. Food Sci. & Technol. 41(10): 1857-
1861.
Ni, Y., Yates, K.M. & Tizard, I.R. (2004). Aloe polysaccharides. In Aloes The
Genus Aloe; Reynolds, T.,Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton. 75-87.
Okafor, P.C, Ebensoo, E.E. & Ekpe, U.J. (2010). Azadirachta indica extracts as
corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium. Int. ./. Electrochem. Sci . 5(1):
978-993.
169
Osato, J.A., Santiago, I.A., Remo, G.M., Cuadra, M.S. & Mori, A. (1993).
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of unripe papaya . Life Sci. 53(17): 1383-
1389.
Oyedej,i O.A. & Afolayan, A.J. (2005).Chemical composition and antimicrobial
activity of the essential oil of Centalla asiatica (L) Urban growing in South
Africa. Pharm. Bio. 43(3):249-252.
Oyewole, O.L., Owoseniand A.A. & Faboro, E.O. (2010). Studies on medicinal
and toxicological properties of Cajanus cajan, Ricinus commmuns and Thymus
vulgari leaf extract../. Med. Plant Res. 4(19): 2004-2008.
Padhan, A.R., Agrahari, A.K. & Meher, A.(2010). A study on antipyretic activity
of Capparis zeylanica Linn, plant methanolic extract. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res.
1(3): 169-171.
Padhya, M.A. (1986). Biosynthesis of Isoquinoline alkaloid berberine in tissue
cultures of Tinospora cordifolia. Indian Drugs. 24: 47-48.
Panda, B.B., Gaur, K., Nema, r.k., Sharma, C.S., Jain, A.K. & Jain, C.P. (2009).
Hepatoprotetcive activity of Jatropha gossypifolia against carbontetrachloride
induced hepatic damage in rats. Asian. J. Pharma & Clin. Res. 2(1): 50-54.
Pandey, A.K., Rai, M.K. & Acharya, D. (2003) . Chemical composition and
antimycotic activity of the essential oils from Corn mint {Mentha arvensi) and
Lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuous) against human pathogenic fungi. Pharm.
5w/. 41(6): 421-425.
170
Parasakthy, K., Deepalakshmi, P.D., Shanthy, S. & Niranjali, S.D. (1993). The
hepatoprotective action of eugenol. Med. Sci. Res. 21: 611.
Patel, B.A., Patel, J.D. & Raval,V.P. (2010). Hepatoprotective activity of
Sachharum officinarum against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int. J.
Pharm. Sci. & Res. 4(1):102-108.
Patel, G. (2010).Protective effect of Nerium indicum on CCU induced
hepatotoxicity in rats. Int. J. Biomed.Res. 1(4) :147-152.
Patil, A.P & Patil, V.R. (2011). Comparative evaluation of hepatoprotective
potential of roots of blue and white flowered varities of Clitoria ternatea Linn.
Der. Pharmacia. Sinica. 2 (5). 128-137.
Patil, K., Imtiaz, S.M., Singh, A., Bagewadi, V. & Gazi, S. (2011).
Hepatoprotective activity of Cucumis trigonus Roxb fruit against CCI4 induced
hepatic damage in rats. Iranian J.Pharma. Res. 10 (2):295-299.
Pavlovski, O.R. (1972). Psedomonas aeruginosa, exotoxin effect on cellular and
mitochondrial respiration. J. Infec. Dis. 126(1): 48-53.
Pedriali, C.A.,Femandes„ A.U.,Santos, P.A.,Silva, M.M.,Severino, D. & Silva,
M.B .(2010).Antioxidant activity, cito- and phototoxicity of pomegranate (Punica
granatum L.) seed pulp. Cienc.Tecnol. Ailment. 30(4):1017- 1021.
Phaneendra, P., Duppalapudi, Y.K., Bodapati, S. & Bodhanapu, S. (2011).
Hepatoprotective of the methanolic extract of Myrus communis Linn against
carbontetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity on wister rats. Int. J. Pharm. Res. &
Dev. 3(7): 84- 89.
171
Pingale, S.S. (2011). Protective effect of Terminalia Arjuna against CCI4 induced
liver damage in rats. Der Pharmacia Leltre. 3(1): 84-90.
Pittella, F., Dutta, R.C., Junior, D.D., Lope, M.T.P. 8c Barbosa, N.R. (2009).
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities Centalla asiatica (L) Urban. Int. J. Mol.Sci.
10(9): 3713-3721.
Pugh, N., Ross, S.A., Elsohly, M.A. & Pasco, D.S. (2001). Characterization of
Aloeride, a New High-Molecular-Weight Polysaccharide from Aloe vera with
potent Immunostimulatory. J. Agri. Food Chem. 49(2): 1030-1034.
Pullaiah, T. (2006). Encyclopedia of World medicinal plants. Regency
publication. New Delhi. Eds.l: 1404.
Purnima, A., Koti, B.C., Tikare, V.P., Viswanathaswamy, A.H.M., Thippeswamy,
A.H.M. & Dabadi, P. (2009). Evaluation of analgesic and antipyretic activities of
Centratherum anthelminticum (L) Kuntze Seed. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 71(4): 461-
464.
Qadrie, Z.L., Hawisa, N.T., Khan, M.W., Samuel, M. & Anandan, R. (2009).
Antinociceptive and anti-pyretic activity of Benincasa hispida (thunb) cogn. in
wister albino rats. Pak. J. Pharm Sci. 22(3): 287-290.
Rachchh, M.A., Yadav, P.N., Gokani, R.H & Jain, S.M. (2011). Anti
inflammatory activity of Benincasa hispida fruit. Int. J. Pharma & Bio. Sci. 2(2):
98-110.
172
Radhika, J., Sharmila, L., Akilavalli A.N., Nivethetha M., Jothi G. & Brindha
P.(20I I). Hepatoprotective activity of Mentha arvensis Linn against alcohol- CCI4
induced toxicity in albino rats. Pharmacologyonli. 1: 289-303.
Rafamantanana, M.H., Rozet, E., Raoelison, G.E., Cheyk, K., Ratsimamanga,
S.U., Hubert, P .H. & Quetin, L. (2009). An improved HPLC-UV method for the
simultaneous quantification of triterpenic glycosides and aglycones in leaves of
Centalla asiatica (L) Urban(Apiaceae). J. Chromalo. D. 877(23): 2396-2402.
Rahman, M.D., Salehin, M.F., Parvin, A., Jamal, M.M. & Alam, M.K (2011).
Antibacterial activity of Argemone mexicana L against water borne disease. Res.
J. Med. Plant. 5(5): 621-626.
Rahman, M.U.,Gul,S & Odhano E.A.(2008). Antimicrobial activities of Ferula
assafoetida oil against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Am. Eurasian J.
Agric. & Environ. Sci. 4 (2): 203-206.
Rai, P.K., Gupta, R.K., Mahta, S. & Watal, G.A. (2010). Novel antimicrobial
agents Trichosanthes dioica. Int. J. Pharm. Bio Sci. 1(3): 1-9.
Raja, N., Albert, S., Ignacimuthu S. & Dorn, S. ( 2001). Effect of volatile oils in
protecting stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L) Walpers against Callosobruchus
maculate (f) (Coloeptera:Bruchidae) infestation. J. Store. Prod. Res. 37(2): 127-
132.
Rajendran, R., Akasakalai, H.K., Vittal, V.S. & Sundaran, R.M. (2009).
Hepatoprotective activity of Mimosa pudica leaves against carbontetrachloride
induced toxicity. J. Nat. Prod. 2: 116-122.
173
Rajkumar, S. & Jebanesan, A .(2005). Larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition
effect of Centalla asiatica Brahmi (Umbelliferae) against Culex quinquefasciatm
(Diptera:culicidae). 4/r. J. Biomed. Res. 8(1): 31-33.
Ranganthan, S., Menon, T., Balaje, A.M. & Raja, S.M. (1996). Antidermatophytic
activities of Azadirachta indica an in vitro and in vivo studies. Indian J. Dermatol.
41(4):113-117.
Rani, P. & Khullar, N. (2004). Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants
for their anti-enteric potential against multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi.
Phytother. Res. 18(8): 670-673.
Rashmi, K., Shenoy, K.B., Hegde, K. & Shabaraya, A.R. (2011).
Hepatoprotective activity of Barringtonia acutangula (L) Gaertn leaf extracts
against CCI4 induced hepatic damage. J. Pharamacy Res. 4(2). 540-542.
Regional Agricultural Research Station. (2007 -2008). Record of temperature,
annual rainfall, relative humidity. Akbarpur, Karimganj, India.
Reitman, S & Frankel, S. (1957). Am J Clin Pathol., 28: 56-63.
Reuben, K.D., Abdulrahman F.I., Akan, J.C, Sodipo, O.A. & Egwn G.O. (2008).
Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial investigation of the
methanolic extract of Croton zambesicus Muelll Arg. stem bark. Europ. J. Scienti.
/?e5. 23(1). 134-140.
Sainath, R.S., Prathiba, J. & Malath. I. (2009). Antimicrobial properties of the
stem bark of Saraca indica (Caesalpiniaceae). Europ. Review Medical &
Pharmacol. Sci. 13 (5): 371-374.
174
Sampson, J.H., Raman, A., Karien, G., Navsaria, H. & Leigh, L.M. (2001). In
vitro keratinocyte antiproliferant effect of Centalla asiatica extract and
triterpenoid saponins. Phytomed. 8(3): 230-235.
Santos, A.K.L., Cost,a J.G.M., Meneze, I.R.A., Canancao, I.C, Santos, K.K.A.,
Matias, E.F.F. & Coutinho. (2010). Antioxidant activity of five Brazilian plants
used as traditional medicine and food in Brazil. Pharmacogn Mag. 6(24): 335-
338.
Sarma, D. N. K., Khosa, R. L., Chansauria, J. P. N. and Sahai, M. (1995).
Antiulcer activity of Tinospora cordifoJia Miers and Centella asiatica Linn
extracts. Phytother. Res. 9 (8): 589-590.
Sarma, D., Padma, P. & Khosa, R.L. (1998). Constituents of Tinospora cordifolia
root. Fitoterapia. 69: 541-542.
Satapathy, A.M., Sen R. & Diwanji V.B. (2000). Some interesting
phytotherapeutic claims of tribals of Jajpur district (Orissa), India. Ethnobotany
and Medicinal plants of Indian subcontinent, Edit-J.K Maheshwari. Scientific
publisher (India), Jodhpur. 469.
Saxena, M., Faridi, U., Rupal, M., Gupta, M.M., Darokar, M.P., Srivastava, S.K.,
Singha ,D., Luqman, S. & Khanuja, S.P.S(2007). Cytotoxic Agents from
Terminalia arjuna.Planta Med. 73(14): 1486-1490.
Schults, R.E. (1960). Tapping our heritage of ethnobotanical lore. Econ. Bot. 14:
257-262.
175
Schults, R.E. (1962). The role of ethnobotanists in the search for new medicinal
plants. Liojdia. 35: 257-266.
Sengottuvela, S., Srinivasan, D., Nandhakumar, J., Vasudevan, M. & Sivkumar,
T. (2008). Hepatoprotective activity of Trianthema decandra on carbon
tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Int. J. Green Pharmacy. 2(2): 122-
125.
Sengupta, M., Sharma, G.D. & Chakraborty, B. (2011). Effeects of aqueous
extract of Tinospora cordifolia on functions of peritoneal macrophages isolated
from CC14 intoxicated male albino mice. BMC Comple. & Alter. Med. 11: 102.
Sharma S., HuUatti, K.K., Prasanna, S.M., Kuppast, l.J. & Sharma, P. (2009).
Comparative study of Cuscuta reflexa and Cassytha fiforniis for diuretic activity.
PhcogRes. 1(5): 327-330.
Sharma, G. & Pant, M.C. (1992). Influence of alcoholic extract of whole fruit of
T. dioica on blood sugar, serum lipids, lipoproteins and faecal sterols in normal
albino rabbits. Indian J. Clinic. Biochem. 1: 53-56.
Sharmila, B.G., Kumar, G. & Rajasekhara, P.M.(2007). Cholesterol- lowering
activity of the aqueous extract of Trichsanthes dioica in normal and streptozotcin
diabetic rats. J. Clin. Dis. Res. 1(4): 561-569.
Shaukat, S.S., Siddiqui, I.A., Khan, G.H. & Zaki, M..J. (2005). Nematicidal and
allelopathic potential of Argemone mexicana L, a potential weed. Plant & Soil.
245 (7). 239-247.
176
Shilpi, J.A., Rahman, T.M., Uddin, S.J., Alam, M.S., Sadhu, S.K .& Seidel V.
(2006). Preliminary pharmacological screening of Bixa orellana L. leaves. J.
Ethnopharmacol. 108(2): 264-271.
Shin, T.Y. ( 2003). Inhibition of immunologic and non immunologic stimulation
mediated anaphylactic reactions by the aqueous extract of Mentha arvensis.
Immunopharmacol. immunotoxicol 25(2): 273-83.
Shivhare, Y., Singh, P., Rajak, H., Patil, U.K. «& Patil. R.S. (2010). Antioxidant
potential of Trichosanthes dioica (fruits). Phcog. J. 1(4): 555-560.
Shobi, V. & Goel, H.C. (2001). Protection against radiation- induced conditioned
taste averion by Centalla asiatica (L) Urban. Physio. & Behavior.73{\&2y. 19-23.
Shukla, A., Rasik, A.M., Jain, G.K., Shankar, R., Kulshrestha, D.K. & Dhawan,.
B.N .(1999). In vitro in vivo wound healing activity of asiaticoside isolated from
Centella asiatica. J. Ethnopharmacol. 65(1): 1-11.
Singh, D.V.,Gupta, M.N., Kumar, T.R.S., Saikia, D., Khanuja, S.P.S.
(2008).Antibacerial principles from the bark of Terminalia arjuna. Current Sci.
.94(1): 27-29.
Singh, N., Khatri P., Samantha, K.C. & Damor, R. (2010). Antipyretic activity of
methanolic extract of leaves of Quisqualis indica Linn. Int. J. Pharm. Res. &
Develop 2(9): 122-126.
Singh, R.P., Murthy, K.N.C. & Jayaprakash, O.K. (2002).Studies on the
antioxidant activity of Pomegranate {Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts
using in vitro models. J. Agric. Food Chem.50 (I): 81-86.
177
Singh, S.A. & Singh, N.R. (2010). Antimicrobial activity of Cassia didymobotrya
and Phlogacanthus ihyrsiflorus. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 2(4): 304-308.
Singha, L.S., Bawari M. & Choudhury M.D. (2009). Some hepatoprotective
ethnomedicinal plants used by Manipuri community of Southern Assam, India.
P/e/o/7e 3(2): 186-189.
Sivalokanathan, S., Llayaraja, M. & Blasubramanian, M.P. (2006). Antioxidant
activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced
hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Molecul & cellular Biochem. 281(1-2): 87-93.
Sofowara, A. (1993). Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa.
Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria. 289-300.
Somchit, M.N., Sulaiman, M.R., Zuraini, A., Samsuddin, L., Somchit, N., Israf,
D.A. & Moin, S. (2004). Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects ofCentella
asiatica. Indian J. Pharmacol. 36(6): 377-380.
Steenkamp, V. & Stewart, M .J. (2007). Medicinal and toxicological activities of
Aloe products. Pharm. Bio. 45(5): 411-420.
Stickel, F., Droz, S., Patsenker, E., Stuber, K.B., Aebi, B. & Leib, S.L. (2009).
Severe hepatotoxicity following ingestion of herbalife nutritional supplements
contaminated with Bacillus subtilis. J. Hepatol. 50 (1):111-117.
Subhas, K.R., Ramesh, K.S., Charian, B.V., Britto F., Rao N.J. & Vijaykumar, S.
(2011). Study of hepatoprotective activity of Solanum nigrum and Cichorium
intybus. Int. J. Pharmacol. 7(4): 504-509.
178
Subramanian,S., Subramanian, R., Rajapandian, S., Uthropathy,S.,Uthropathy, S.,
Gnanamamickam, V.R. & Dubey, G.P. (2011). Anti-atherogenic activity of
ethanolic fraction of Terminalia arjuna bark on hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
Evid. Based Complement. & Alternat. Med. Article I.D-4S79\6: 1-8.
Sumitra, M., Manikandan, P., Kumar, D.A., Arutselvan, N., Balakrishna, K.,
Manohar, B.M. & Puvanakrishnan, R.(2001). Experimental myocardial necrosis in
rats: Role of arjunolic acid on platlet aggregation, coagulationand antioxidant
status. Mol. & Cell. Biochem. 224(1-2): 134-142.
Suresh, V., Sruthi, V., Padmaja, B. & Asha, V.V (2011). In vitro anti
inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. J.
Ethnopharmacol. 134(3): 872-877.
Takte, S.B., Gite, V.N., Chopade, V.V. &. Pokharakar, R.D. (2010).
Hepatoprotective activity of Launaea intybacea in carbontetrachloride induced
hepatotoxicity in albino rats. M. J. Pharmtech. 2(1). 266-268.
Tanaka, M., Misawa, E., Ito, Y., Habara, N., Nomaguchi, K., Yamada, M., Toida,
T., Hayasawa, H., Takas, M., Inagaki, M. & Higuchi, R. (2006). Identification of
five phytosterols from Aloe vera gel as anti-diabetic compounds. Biol. Pharm.
Bull.29{l): 1418-22.
Tewari, K.K. & Singh, M. (1964). Acid soluble and acid insoluble inorganic
polyphosphatases in Cuscuta reflexa. Phytochem. .3(2): 341-347.
Thabrew, M.I., Joice, P.D. & Rajatissa, W. (1987). A comparative study of the
efficacy of Pavetta indica and Osbeckia octandra in the treatment of liver
disinfection. Planta Med. 53:239- 241.
179
Thakurta, P., Bhowmik, P., Mukherjee, S., Hajra, T.K., Patra., A. & Bag P.K.
(2007). Antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity of Azadirachta
indica used to treat cholera and diarrhea in India. J. Ethnopharacol. 111(3): 607-
612.
Thatoi, H.N., Panda, S.K., Nath, S.K. & Dutta, S.K. (2008). Antimicrobial
activity and ethnomedicinal uses of some medicinal plants from Similipal
Biosphere Reserve, Orissa. Asian J. Plant Sci. 7(3): 260-267.
Thomas, J. (1997). Medicinal and aromatic plants research in India. In UNDP.
1997. Proc. Training course on industrial exploitation of indigenous medicinal
and aromatic plants. Beijing, China. 17-27 June.
Tiwari B.K. & Khosa R.L (2010). Evaluation of the hepatoprotective and
antioxidant effect of Berberis asiatica against experimentally induced liver injury
in rats. Int. J. Pharmacy & Pharm. Sci. 2(1): 92-97.
Trease, G.E. & Evans, W.C. (1989). Pharmacognsy. 11 th edition. Brailiar Tiridel
Can. Macmillian publishers.
Udeinya, I.J., Mbah, A.U., Chijioke, C.P. &Shu, E.N. (2004). An Antimalarial
extract from neem leaves is antiretroviral. Trans. Royal Soc. Trap. Med. & Hyg.
98(7): 435 - 437.
Utpalendu, J., Chattopadhyay, R.N. & Badri, P.S. (1999). Preliminary studies on
anti-inflammatory activity of Zingiber officinale Rose, Vitex negundo Linn, and
Tinospora cordifolia (Willid) Miers in albino rats. Indian J. Pharmacol .31 (3):
232-233.
180
Vardhana, R. (2008). Direct uses of medicinal plants and their identification.
Sarup & Sons publisher. New Delhi.
Vedavathy, S. & Rao K.N. (1991). Antipyretic activity of six indigenous
medicinal plants of Tirumala Hills, Andhra Pradesh, Indian J. Ethnopharmacol.
33:193-196.
Versiani, M.A (2004.: Studies in the chemical constituents of Bomhex ceiba and
Cuscuta reflexa. Ph.D thesis of University of Karachi, Pakistan.
Vetalam. (2010). Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.
(Aakashbeli) stem. Archeives . Aug 25.
Vidhya, N. & Devraj, S.N. (1999). Antioxidant effect of euganol in rat intestine.
Indian J. Exp. Bio. 37:1192.
Wakchaure, D., Jain, D., Singhai, A.K. & Somani, R. (2011). Hepatoprotective
activity of Symplocos racemosa bark on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic
damage in rats. J.^;;wr. Ingrat. Med. 2 (3): 137-143.
Wijeweera, P., Amason, J.T., Koszycki , D. & Merali, Z. ( 2006). Evaluation of
anxiolytic properties of Gotikola- {Centalla asiatica (L) Urban ) extracts and
asiaticoside in rat behavioral models. Phytomed. 13 (9, 10): 668-676.
World Health Organization. (2001). Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into
childhood immunization services. Geneva, WHO, (unpublished document
WHO/V&B/01.31 available on request from department of vaccines and
biologicals. World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland).
181
Wu, N., Fu, K., Fu, Y.J., Zu, Y.G., Chan,g F.R., Chen, Y.H., Liu, X.L., Kong, Y.,
Liu, W .& Gu, C.B .(2009). Antioxidant activities of extracts and main
components of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajnan {L} Millsp] leaves. Molecul.
14(3):1032-1043.
Yadav, M.S., Kumar, A., Singh, A., Sharma, U.S. & Sutar, N. (2011).
Phytochemical investigation and hepatoprotectivity of Cissampelos pareira
against carbonterachloride induced hepatotoxicity. Asian J. Pharm. & Health Sci.
1(3): 106-110.
Yadav, N.P., Pal, A., Shanker, K., Bawankule D.U., Gupta A.K., Darokar, M.P &
Khanuja, S.P.S. (2008). Synergistic effect of silymarin and standardized extract of
Phyllanthus amarus against CCU-induced hepatotoxicity in Rattus norvegicus.
Phytomed. 15(12): 1053-1061.
Zhang, F.L., Wei, Y.J., Zhu, J. & Gong, Z.N.(2008). Simultaneous quantitation of
three major triterpenoid glycosides in Centella asialica extracts by high
performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection.
Biomed Chromatgraph. 22(2): 119-124.