Case

Sophia Yuan Oct.24th

Translation the underlined

Skills are skills. Pleasures are pleasures. But – some skills are lasting plBut – some skills are lasting pl

easures. Such is reading. Listening to Hazlitt – “ The greatest pleaseasures. Such is reading. Listening to Hazlitt – “ The greatest pleas

ure in life is that of reading.” Or Macaulay – I would rather be a pooure in life is that of reading.” Or Macaulay – I would rather be a poo

r man in a garret with plenty of books than a king who did not love r man in a garret with plenty of books than a king who did not love

reading.”reading.”

To them and countless others all over the world, reading is a source of deepest and fullest enjoyment. That’s true from early school days to the days of leisure and retirement.

keykey 对他们和全世界不计其数的人来说，阅读是最深层、最对他们和全世界不计其数的人来说，阅读是最深层、最充盈的欢乐源泉。从早年的学生时代的早期到退休后的闲暇时充盈的欢乐源泉。从早年的学生时代的早期到退休后的闲暇时光都是如此光都是如此。。

Part of youth lies in dreaming – dreaming Part of youth lies in dreaming – dreaming

impossible dreams that you can sometimes make possible. Robert F. impossible dreams that you can sometimes make possible. Robert F.

Kennedy said this:Kennedy said this:

“Some men see things as they are and say ‘Why?’ I dream things that never were and say ‘Why not?’”

Certain books push the boundaries of the human mind out beyond belief. After all, a little bit of greatness hides in everyone. Let books bring it into full bloom.

keykey 某些书可以使人的智力扩展到令人难以置信的地步。毕竟某些书可以使人的智力扩展到令人难以置信的地步。毕竟

在每一个人的身上都潜伏着一点伟大的东西。那就让书籍使他象在每一个人的身上都潜伏着一点伟大的东西。那就让书籍使他象鲜花一样盛开吧鲜花一样盛开吧。。

If you manage things well, keeping a close eye on changing If you manage things well, keeping a close eye on changing

conditions, you can avoid the pain of waking up to find yourself conditions, you can avoid the pain of waking up to find yourself

out of a job. Through reading develop some new skills and out of a job. Through reading develop some new skills and

interests. Then if conditions change, you caninterests. Then if conditions change, you can

slip with comparatives ease from one field into another, hardly breaking stride

.

Reading can bring us, personally, almost unlimited Reading can bring us, personally, almost unlimited additional experience. To be sure, it’s secondhand additional experience. To be sure, it’s secondhand experience. But it’s so often so vivid it seems firsthand, experience. But it’s so often so vivid it seems firsthand, just as if we’re living through it ourselves, being moved just as if we’re living through it ourselves, being moved to tears, laughter or suspense. That rich range of to tears, laughter or suspense. That rich range of experience provides the ideal supplement to our own experience provides the ideal supplement to our own limited experience. In this way, reading becomes one of limited experience. In this way, reading becomes one of our most profound mind-shaping activities.our most profound mind-shaping activities.

Furthermore, all this experience is available when we want it. Books never impose on us. When we want them, we reach out and pull them off the shelf or table. At our convenience we invite them to share their unbelievable wealth with us.

KeyKey• 而且，所有这些经历在我们需要

时都随手可得。书籍从不打扰我们。当我们需要它们时，我们伸手就可以从书架或桌子上取下来。在我们方便时我们就邀请它们来与我们分享它们难以置信的财富 .

Case

Case is a grammatical category that can express a number of different relationships between nominal elements. The unmarked Common case (subject/object), the marked Genitive case /possessive case(boy’s)

The family’s support, The people’s government, made for the people,

made by the people, and answerable to the people--by Daniel Webster(1782-1852) , an American

politician and orator Government of the people,by the people and for the people by Lincoln

the examination of the fire department The city of New York The pleasure of meeting you

Generally speaking, the N’s genitive is favored by the class that are highest on the gender scale,ie,animate nouns, in particular persons and animals with personal gender characteristics.

George Washington’s statue, the boy’s new shirt, the company’s working capital, the nation’s social security, the farm dog’s bark

Geographical names Europe’s future,China’s development,London’s water supply,

Locative nouns denoting regions, heavenly bodies, institutions etc. the club’s pianist, the hotel entrance

Temporal nouns last year’s profit (the profit for the last year)

Idiomatized N’s N There are some restrictions with the inflected g

enitive which can be described in terms of specific lexical noun head, edge permits “of” while the examples with “length, reach, throw, and worth” are idiomatized and not permit an “of “ genitive.

At arm’s length, Within arm’s reach At a stone’s throw 一投石之距离 Their money’s worth at wit’s end 智穷计尽 Its use (the article’s use?), a room’s length(its l

ength)

Compound nouns ,noun +appositive structure ,and

postmodified noun phrases My mother-in-law’s death (compound noun) Henry the Eighth’s marriage (noun+appositive) Alexander the great’s conquer His sister Mary’s husband (preferred over his sister’s, Ma

ry’s ) Mr. Zhang the headmaster’s speech The Prince of Wales’s helicopter (postmodified) Somebody else’s book Each other’s books The king of England’s crown The woman you spoke to’s husband is a musician.(relative

clause)

’s or (’) In personal names ending in sibilant/z/, the genitive en

ding can either be ’s or an apostrophe’ only, but it can only be ’s when personal names end in other sibilant sounds

Dickens’s novels or Dickens’ novels

John Waters’ or John Waters’ s

Archimedes’, Socrates’, Cervantes’(preferred)

But Marx’s doctrine, Ross’s discoveries The actress’s performance or the actress’performance A bird’s eye view 鸟瞰 , at death’s door 危在旦夕 For convenience’ sake, for old acquaintance’ sake For appearance’ sake , for goodness’ sake (usages) 以清辅音“ s” 结尾名词的所有格 , 直接加上 (’).

The barber’s The florist’s A well-managed barber’s a children’s hospital A girls’ college His girl’s friend vs his girl friend That idiot’s boy vs that idiot boy A worker’s family vs a worker family

Comparison

Wang’s and Zhang’s rooms Wang and Zhang’s room The students’ and teachers’speeches The students and teachers’speeches

(preferred) His and his sister’s books His books and his sister’s or His books and those of his sister’s (preferred) John’s wife’s face The face of John’s wife (preferred)

He is gone, but his memory remains to guide the living.(Objective Possessive)

A monument is dedicated to his memory. His memory is declining.(Subjective Possessive) They hurried to their father’s rescue. (Obj.Poss.) Thanks to their father’s rescue, they could return h

ome safe. (Subj. Poss.) He walked over to the woman’s aid. He walked over for the woman’s aid. People were loud in the hero’s praise. He was drunk with his father’s praise. She has come to sing his praise. She doesn’t not want his praise.

Father’s rescue, his rescue, the rescue of their father

His choice =the person or thing he has chosen His want= the want which he feels In my sight= where I can see The choice of him = the act of choosing him At the sight of me=seeing me 那罪犯的处死引起了很大的非议 . The prisoner’s execution has caused a lot of ce

nsure.(?) His execution ,but he is unidentified The execution of the prisoner

Contextualized Interpretation

An old sailor’s story The story of an old sailor He has never recovered from her loss.(Obj.Poss.) She has never recovered her loss.(Subj.Poss.) John’s treatment of the servant John’s treatment by Mary A mother’s love of children The love of Browning for Italy If you deny my statement, I can produce witness to pro

ve its truth. Its use (the article’s use?), a room’s length(its length)

Your house is larger than mine. (absolute form)

A friend of mine is desirous of seeing your house.

That is no business of yours. That was a shocking mistake of yours. Where did you buy that watch of yours? He has no house of his own.(reflexive

possessive) He has no children of her own. I have some reasons of my own for wishing to

do so. Among the languages which we describe as

foreign, French holds a position of its own.

Double Genitive He is a friend of my

father’s. An independent genitive can sometimes

be used as prepositional complementation (traditionally known as prepositional “object”). The prepositional phrase (usually an of-phrase) that takes an independent genitive as complementation is called a “double genitive”.

Characteristics a friend of the doctor’s this brilliant idea of Mrs. Green’s that clever remark of your sister’s The independent genitive in the of-phrase must be defi

nite specific personal reference. A patient of a doctor’s(?) An engine of the plane’s(?) The noun phrase with a double genitive as postmodifie

r usually takes an indefinite determiner such as a(n), some, any, etc, or a demonstrative determiner such as this , that to convey emotional feelings.

The daughter of Mrs.Green’s(?)

Comparison (1)

“Who told you that ?” “A friend of your father’s.” “If he says such things, he is not a friend of my father, w

hoever he is.” He is a friend of my father’s. =He is one of my father’s friends. He is a friend of my father. =He is friendly to my father. A portrait of Mr Brown’s =one of the portraits owned or collected by Mr Brown A portrait of Mr Brown = a picture of Mr Brown himself A criticism of Mr Hamilton’s ( a criticism made by him) A criticism of Mr Hamilton =Mr Hamilton is criticized.

Comparison(2) Europe’s education( 地理概念 ) European education( 特点品质 ) Japan’s agriculture Japanese agriculture( 特点 , 与其他国家的农业不同 ) China’s territory Chinese territory ( 不是他国的领土 ) European literature Europe’s literature (?) A friend of Jim, Jack and Harry Jim’s friends a friend of Jims’ That friend of Jim’s An opinion of Jim’s vs an opinion of Jim A portrait of her mother A portrait of her mother’s (possessions) Her mother’s portrait (personal collection of her own p

hotos )

Noun+noun

Company houses China English Waterloo Bridge Pearl Harbor The Washington Monument The Suez Canal Lincoln Library

Buckingham Palace Victoria Square Exceptions :Mary’s Beauty Shop, St.Paul’s

Cathedral Pompey’s Theatre

Noun +Prep. Affection for, admiration for, appetite for. Bent for, bud

get for, candidate for, compensation for, fancy for, material for, need for, substitution for, reason for, ambition for, preference for ,sympathy for

Confidence in, proficiency in, degree in, absorption in, advance in, point in ( 有意义 )

Attack on, comment on, impact on, operation on, impression on, stress on, tax on, lecture on, judgement on, mercy on, expert on, revenge on

Advantage over, control over,check over Access to, indifference to, incentive to, claim to, conce

ssion to, guide to, preface to, resistance to response to,application to, key to, ratio to

Accordance with, association with, compromise with, conflict with, ambition to do, ability to do

Translation from Chinese to English

1. 路边的野花 2. 哈尔滨的夏天 3. 墙上的窗户 4. 穿过森林的小路 5. 博物馆的入口 6. 柏拉图的著作 7. 英语写的论文 8. 作诗的天赋 9. 水中的月 10 . 早晨的太阳 11. 历史的见证 12. 描写自然风光的书 13. 岸边的垂柳 14. 汉白玉的雕像 15. 山中的寺庙

路边的野花 the wild flowers on the roadside 哈尔滨的夏天 the summer in Harbin 墙上的窗户 the window in the wall 穿过森林的小路 the path through the woods 博物馆的入口 the entrance to the museum 柏拉图的著作 the works by Plato 英语写的论文 the paper in English 作诗的天赋 the talent for writing poetry 水中的月 the moon reflected in water 早晨的太阳 the rising sun in the morning 历史的见证 the witness to history 描写自然风光的书 a book on natural scenery 岸边的垂柳 the willow on the shore 汉白玉的雕像 a statue in marble 山中的寺庙 the temple in the hills

追逐名利的人 不屑一顾的人 复原无望的人 树上的鸟儿 两国间的战争 对自由的渴望 对他不利的证据 月光下的散步 河对岸的村庄 年轻时代的梦想 蓝天下的群山 山脚下的小溪 地下的财宝 年逾古稀的老人 他身后的好名声 废墟中的野花

追逐名利的人 a man after fame and gain 不屑一顾的人 a man beneath notice 复原无望的人 a man beyond hope of recovery 树上的鸟儿 the birds in the tree

脾气暴躁的人 a man with a hot temple 两国间的战争 a war between the two countries 对自由的渴望 a longing for freedom 对他不利的证据 the evidence against him 月光下的散步 a walk in the moonlight 河对岸的村庄 the village beyond the river 年轻时代的梦想 the dream in youth 蓝天下的群山 the mountains against the clear blue sky 山脚下的小溪 the stream at the foot of hill 地下的财宝 the treasure beneath the ground 年逾古稀的老人 an old man past seventy 他身后的好名声 a good name after him 废墟中的野花 the wild flowers amid the ruins