case study guideline

8/19/2019 Case Study Guideline

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Contacts :

Tharcisse KAYIRA

Coordinateur

Tél : +243993090958

E-mail :

adepaecoord!mail"com#$a%ha&ise'!a(ahoo")r#s*'*"adepae(ahoo")r

,,,"adepae"or!)ree"com

Case Study Community in the transformation of conicts in South

Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.adepae.orgfree.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.adepae.orgfree.com/


2/12

1!

Conte"

t:

#ac$gr

ound

1!1! Provide a brief historical conte"t about the

causes of current instability%violence in the

country

or o.er %hree decades# /R is !oi'! %hro*!h a crisis

si%*a%io' ,hich is e1plai'ed &( %he m*l%iple ,ars %ha%

pl*'!ed %he co*'%r( i'%o chao%ic si%*a%io' %ha% co'%ri&*%e %o

%he des%r*c%io' o) %he social a'd eco'omic la(ers o)

comm*'i%ies" The re!ime o) arshal o&*%* ,as

charac%eried &( dic%a%orship# re!io'alism a'd %he

i'%rod*c%io' o) democrac( has led %o *'coordi'a%ed

m*l%ipar%( s(s%em" /esire Ka&ila a*re'% e'o(i'! across

R,a'da %o )ace %he dic%a%orial re!ime# ,hich led %o %he )all

o) arshal o&*%* i' 996" A)%er %hree (ears a% %he head o)

%he co*'%r(# r" /ésiré a*re'% Ka&ila died a'd %he co*'%r(

,as di.ided &e%,ee' %he pro%a!o'is%s o) ,hom %he

Rassem&leme'% o'!olais po*r le /é.eloppeme'% 7R/

occ*pied %he eas%er' par% a'd had head*ar%ers i' oma"

/*ri'! %his period# %he e'%ire o'!o ,as *'s%a&le a'd %here

,ere &or' %ho*sa'ds o) small armed !ro*ps ,hose reaso's

are %he race )or po,er &eca*se e.er(o'e ,a'%ed %o co'*era'd %o r*le %he roos%# $ill# rapi'! a'd ro&&i'! ,i%ho*% merc("

A% %ha% a!!ressi.e c*l%*re a'd %he *'!le# %here ,as

de.elopme'% o) %ri&al sel)-de)e'se i' e.er( cor'er i' %erms

o) poli%ical po,er"

To sol.e %his crisis ,hich seemed %o &e ,idespread

%hro*!ho*% %he co*'%r( # %here ,as a !o.er'me'% o) + 4

,as )ormed# %ha% is %o sa( # a ;reside'% a'd )o*r !a'da a'd Ke'(a ,here %he( li.e *p %o %hese da(s

Tri&al comm*'i%ies i' %he ci%( o) =*$a.* a'd >.ira#

%erri%ories o) ii a'd ,e'!a ,ere more ac%i.e i' %hese

s%r*!!les a'd %ho*sa'ds o) people ha.e perished# %orched


3/12

.illa!es a'd proper%ies ,ere po*red" This clima%e o) mis%r*s%

a'd s*spicio' &e%,ee' %ri&al comm*'i%ies harmo'io*s

coe1is%e'ce *'dermi'ed a'( e?or% &e%,ee' comm*'i%ies#

%he reco.er( o) li)e a'd a'( mome'%*m o) socio-eco'omic

de.elopme'% a)%er %he horrors o) ,ar" Th*s ,as &or'

A/E;AE@s .isio' %o co'%ri&*%e so sli!h%l(# %o %he res%ora%io'

o) a clima%e o) peace# peace)*l coe1is%e'ce amo'! %ri&al

comm*'i%ies# a'd reco's%r*c%io' o) %he pro.i'ce o) o*%h

Ki.*# a'd /R" o'!o# *s*all( %o see %he o'!olese

comm*'i%( li.e i' harmo'( a'd i' per)ec% cohesio'# ,here

%he ri!h%s a'd d*%ies o) ci%ie's are respec%ed" The missio'

,as %o accompa'( %he people i' co'Bic% %ra's)orma%io' a'd

%he promo%io' o) !ood !o.er'a'ce i' order %o co'%ri&*%e %o

&*ildi'! a las%i'! peace i' %he eas% o) /R" o'!o"

"2"&istory or conditions inuencing the situation

1!'!1! Regime of absolute monarchy

The o&*%* re!ime ,i%h %he ;op*lar o.eme'% o) %he

Re.ol*%io'# o'e-par%( C hare %a%e i'B*e'ced %he

dic%a%orship# misma'a!eme'% o) p*&lic a?airs# &ad

!o.er'a'ce# &ra$e i'di.id*al )reedoms# i'*s%ice a'di'e*ali%(# ma$i'! %he poores% co*'%r( despi%e %he po%e'%ial

reco!'ied %oi%" A% %ha% a&sol*%e mo'arch( ,as )ormed

oppo'e'%s o) a'( side a'd o&*%*Ds rei!' ,as charac%eried

&( co'Bic% a'd po,er s%r*!!les" Amo'! %he oppo'e'%s o)

%he o&*%* re!ime i' eas%er' )ace o) )ormer ;reside'%

Ka&ila# a&*lo'i a'd Fdalo" I' 996# / Ka&ilaDs A/

poli%ical a'd mili%ar( mo.eme'% ,i%h %he s*ppor% o) R,a'da

,al$ed o' %he o&*%* re!ime %o !ai' po,er"

The R/ is i' opposi%io' %o %he AR# %he F/;# 23 a'd


4/12

)orei!' mili%ias li$e %he /R a'd FRT" These armed

mo.eme'%s ha.e co'%ri&*%ed %o %he dis%ri&*%io' o) li!h%

armed ,i%h %he pop*la%io' a'd armed !ro*ps ha.e

proli)era%ed li$e m*shrooms"

To e'd a' armed !ro*p %ha% seems %o &e s%ro'!# re,arded

%o %he ,arlord !i.i'! i% a s%ra%e!ic posi%io' i' %he

!o.er'me'%" Each armed !ro*p is a sel)-de)e'se %ri&al

mo.eme'% &( co'%ri&*%i'! %o %he des%a&ilia%io' o) %he

mem&ers o) 'ei!h&ori'! comm*'i%ies"

"2"2" Poor governance

>'der %he o&*%* re!ime a'd %he s*ccessors# %he co*'%r(

has 'o% had a cha'ce %o ha.e leaders capa&le o) promo%i'!

admi'is%ra%io' a'd democrac( i' order %o ma$e %he

!o.er'ed co*'%r(" The co*'%r( is %oo .as% ,i%h 2345000

s*are $ilome%ers# Ki'shasa ce'%ralied all %he po,er" I' all

sec%ors o) li)e# h*ma' de.elopme'% i'dices sho, %ha% li.i'!

co'di%io's are &elo, %he %hreshold o) po.er%(" A% %he localle.el# )or e1ample# %he &asic e'%i%ies are mos%l( people o)

%hird a!e a'd )e, li%era%e" The( ha.e 'o% had %he cha'ce %o

&e s%re'!%he'ed i' admi'is%ra%io'# ,or$i'! ,i%ho*%

pla''i'!# ,i%ho*% a &*d!e%# ,i%ho*% %ools or e.e' oGce

s*pplies# ,eddi'!s# &ir%hs a'd dea%hs are 'o% recorded"

I'*s%ice a'd !e'der i'e*ali%(# rape a'd h*ma' ri!h%s

.iola%io's are commo'place# admi'is%ra%io' parallelism are

all diGc*l%ies rela%ed %o %he i'a&ili%( o) leaders


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6/12

'! Current

conte"t

:

concer

ns and

issues

Case study: Conicts bet(een communities on

transhumance

)indings

I' ii a'd >.ira li.e %he ide'%iHed pop*la%io's &ased o'

%heir occ*pa%io's# some o) ,hich are said )armers a'd o%her

&reeders" These %,o comm*'i%ies li.e i' perma'e'% co'Bic%

)or o.er a ce'%*r(" I' 2006# ,i%h or!a'ia%io's A/E;AE i)e

a'd ;eace I's%i%*%e )*'di'! par%'ers mi''o, research o'

%he roo% ca*ses o) co'Bic% &e%,ee' %hese comm*'i%ies" The

res*l%s o) %his research ha.e ide'%iHed %hree dri.i'! )ac%ors

are:

¬ proper%( a'd admi'is%ra%i.e disp*%es#

¬ comm*'i%( s*ppor% %o armed !ro*ps

¬ ocal !o.er'a'ce"

I' %he Hrs% phase# %he priori%( ,as %o re!*la%e %e'sio's

&e%,ee' pas%oralis%s %o )armers d*ri'! %he period o)

%ra'sh*ma'ce" E.ol.i'! i' a lo!ical cha'!e %heor( %ha% i)

comm*'i%ies are i'.ol.ed i' co'Bic%s *ps%ream a'd

do,'s%ream i' %he search )or peace# %he'# comm*'i%ies o)

ii a'd >.ira ,ill com&i'e all e?or%s )or a las%i'! peace)*l

coe1is%e'ce " a comm*'i%( dialo!*e 7/I ,as co'.e'ed

&e%,ee' %he )o*r maor %ri&al comm*'i%ies %o reBec% o' %he

s%ra%e!ies %o &e impleme'%ed %o ease %e'sio's" Amo'!

%hese s%ra%e!ies# i% ,as %he es%a&lishme'% o) i'%er

olla&ora%i.e rame,or$s# I# a )rame,or$ )or

e1cha'!es &e%,ee' comm*'i%ies a'd ,i%h a ma'da%e %o

lead %he ac%io's o) %ra's)orma%io' o) co'Bic%s ,i%hi' a'd

&e%,ee' areas i' %heir comm*'i%("


7/12

*!

Strateg

ies

3"" The role o) %he media%or

edia%io' is a s%ra%e!( &ri'!i'! people i' co'Bic% %hro*!h

mee%i'!s a'd e1cha'!e se%s %o H'd sol*%io's %o disp*%es" I%s

role is %o assis% %he par%ies i' ide'%i)(i'! %heir 'eeds a'd

i'%eres%s a'd !e'era%e op%io's"

5 A/E;AE accompa'ies media%io' s%r*c%*res# 'amel(: The

I # 2 # F3 # %he A//4 a'd a!ro pas%oral coopera%i.es

)or ;eace" Each local or!a'ia%io' has i%s s%ra%e!ies )or a

speciHc class ,hose p*rpose is %o co'%ri&*%e %o i'%er-

comm*'i%( reco'cilia%io'"

3"2"The approaches %ha% %he( ha.e *sed

To *'ders%a'd %he pro&lem# %he approach-;ar%icipa%or(

Ac%io' Research 7;AR ,as *sed a'd is s%ill *sed )or %he

impleme'%a%io' o) proec%s ,i%hi' A/E;AE" This approach

allo,ed %he ac%ors %o ide'%i)( pro&lems %ha% %hrea%e' %he

coe1is%e'ce o) comm*'i%ies a'd allo,s %hem %o reBec% o'

%he ,a(s o*% o) crisis" =*% %his approach is &ased o'

di?ere'% %ech'i*es s*ch as co'Bic% a'al(sis# research#

de.elopme'% o) %he research repor%# prese'%a%io' o) %heres*l%s %o %he par%ies i' co'Bic% )or .alida%io' o) %he repor%#

or!a'ii'! a' i'%er-comm*'i%( dialo!*e )or %he

de.elopme'% o) a roadmap i' ,hich %he s%ra%e!ies are

deH'ed" I' %he case me'%io'ed a&o.e# %his approach has

%ar!e%ed local ac%ors 7,ho remai' i' %he s%*d( areas# %he

o?shore pla(ers 7,ho come )rom &*%# )or .ario*s reaso's lie

else,hereJ missio's are or!a'ied )or mee% %o deepl(

*'ders%a'd %he maor iss*es a'd 'e*%ral or %er%iar( par%ies"

3"3"Key challenges that emerged

1 CCI: Intercommunity dialogue framework for the mediation of inter

community conflict

2 CM : Joint committees of farmers, ranchers and traditional leaders

for mediation

3 CN : Negotiators Committee for the voluntary withdrawal of armed

grous

! "##$ : "dvocacy grou for the rights of women and girls


8/12

To %*r' %he same %a&le %he ac%ors i' %he co'Bic% %o

media%io'# A/E;AE resor%ed %o /I" The co*'%r(Ds poli%ics #

ac%ors a'd o%her s%a$eholders# %he comm*'i%ies ,ere %he

mai' challe'!es e'co*'%ered d*ri'! %he media%io'"

*!+!he decisions ta$en to address challenges

i'ce i% is %he comm*'i%ies %ha% lead %he ac%io's o) co'Bic%

%ra's)orma%io'# %he I ha.e o.ercome %hese )e,

challe'!es" A% %he polic( le.el# %he ac%ors are e1ploi%i'!

comm*'i%ies# (o*'! people )or p*rel( pri.a%e p*rposes a'd

)or poli%ical ac%ors is a spri'!&oard %o achie.e %heir !oals" To

do %his# IA= mem&ers a% %he pro.i'cial le.el# co'd*c%

ad.ocac( %o de%er %hese ac%ors %o posi%i.el( accompa'( %he

process %o,ards peace a'd peace)*l coe1is%e'ce" =*% %he(

pro.e %ha% i% is diGc*l% %o ac%ors a'd comm*'i%ies o*% o)

%heir s$i'# %ha% is ,h( sessio's empo,erme'% i' co'Bic%

%ra's)orma%io' %ech'i*e are or!a'ied &( A/E;AE ,i%h

emphasis o' %he role a'd %he *ali%ies o) a media%or" Toda(

i' o'es o) co'Bic%# i%Ds %he pla(ers ,ho ,ere co'sidered

leaders o) me' c*rre'%l( ar%isa's o) peace &e%,ee'comm*'i%ies" I' %he e'd# as each comm*'i%( had i%s o,'

mili%ia# raisi'! a,are'ess )or dise'!a!eme'% comm*'i%ies

,ere made a'd a' i'creasi'! '*m&er o) armed !ro*ps are

s%ar%i'! %o oi' %he repor%i'! process" I' shor%# all ac%ors are

i'.ol.ed a'd co'%ac% ,i%h comm*'i%ies %o co'%ri&*%e %o

peace a'd media%io' o) co'Bic%s &e%,ee' %hem"


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+!

-utco

mes

+!1! Possible solutions

R"es I F a'd A// are re)ere'ce )rame,or$s o)

comm*'i%ies i' %he ma'a!eme'% a'd %ra's)orma%io' o)

co'Bic%s i' %erri%ories o) >.ira# ii a'd ,e'!aJ

R2";l*s 50000 =reeders i'.ol.ed i' %he prepara%io' o)

%ra'sh*ma'ce a'd %he impleme'%a%io' o) a!reeme'%s o'

ma'a!eme'% o) %ra'sh*ma'ce soo%hed si!'ed &e%,ee'

)armers# pas%oralis%s a'd %radi%io'al leaders

R3";l*s 'a%io'al armed !ro*ps opera%i'! i' %he %erri%ories

o) ii# >.ira a'd ,e'!a ,e'% .ol*'%aril( si'ce 200"

R4"Réd*c%io' 60L o) cases o) $illi'! o) shepherds# loo%i'! o)

ca%%le a'd co'Bic%s rela%ed %o %he des%r*c%io' o) %he ,ic$ed

Helds i' areas o) %ra'sh*ma'ce ii"

R5"es comm*'i%ies sa( )armers are i'.ol.ed i' a!ro

&ecome herders# %hree coopera%i.es are i'i%ia%ed i' )arms

a'd a!ric*l%*ral pla'%a%io's#

RM"es si!'s a%%ached 'ear roads# $raals a'd ,a%eri'!

places allo, sec*ri'! crossi'! slopes a'd respec% )or

a!reeme'%s# ,hich a?ec%s %he red*c%io' o) co'Bic%s s%ra(i'!

co,s %o M0L"R6";l*sie*rs searches : " =e(o'd %he armed !ro*ps# 2"


10/12

" hildre' Ed*ca%io' ;roec% %o %he c*l%*re o) peace a'd

ci%ie'ship i' %he ci%( o) =*$a.* ,here more %ha' 22#500

school childre' are 'o% &e'eHciaries o) )*'di'! )rom >FIE"

2" ;eace &e(o'd %he &order" This proec% is *'der A/E;AE

re!io'al a'd impleme'%s i% i' %he pro.i'ces o) For%h a'd

o*%h Ki.* i' s*ppor% o) 5 peacema$ers o' H'a'ci'!

O1)am Fo.i&

3" ;re.e'%io' a'd %ra's)orma%io' o) co'Bic%s &e%,ee'

omm*'i%( )armers %o )armers i' ii# >.ira a'd ,e'!a" I%

s*ppor%s )armers a'd &reeders i' %he or!a'ia%io' %o %*r'

commo' i'%eres%s ,i%h %he H'a'cial s*ppor% o) OR/AI/"

4" /ra)% omm*'i%( capaci%( &*ildi'! i' co'Bic%

ma'a!eme'% a'd peace &*ildi'! i' %he eas% o) %he /R# ii

a'd >.ira" I% s*ppor%s more %ha' 50#000 herders i'

ma'a!i'! %ra'sh*ma'ce H'a'ci'! i)e a'd ;eace I's%i%*%e#

5" *ppor% ;roec% Respo'se Ac%i.i%ies %o pro&lems rela%ed %o

%he repa%ria%io' o) re)*!ees i' >.ira %erri%or(" Pe researched

a'd m*l%iple@s ac%io's rela%ed %o %he re)*!ees a'd I/;s o'

H'aceme'% /a'ish o*'cil )or Re)*!ees 7/R# e%c"

+!*!/essons learned

I'.ol.e %he comm*'i%( a% %he &ase is a' asse% %ha% ca' lead

%o %he s*ccess o) %he media%io' process *'%il %he res%ora%io'

o) a clima%e o) peace a'd dialo!*e &e%,ee' %he pro%a!o'is%s

comm*'i%ies # &eca*se %he( are %he o'es ,ho reall( $'o,

%heir pro&lems a'd ma( &e a&le %o reBec% o' %he slopes

sol*%io's" The e?ec% o) ,or$i'! i' s('er!( i' see$i'!

sol*%io's seem mos% impor%a'% %o ha.e a similar .ie, o' %hechalle'!es o) rec*rre'% co'Bic%s i' co'Bic% o'es

4"4" Some pictures


11/12

Yo*'! mi1ed %ri&es %o!e%her )armers

i!'s )or %he sec*risa%io' a'd

pro%ec%io' o) co,s passa!es #

%he $raals a'd dri'$i'! %ro*!h

)or co,s

Nor$shop o' ed*c%io' )or

;eace a'd ci%ie'ship o) (o*'!

%ra'sh*ma'ce soo%hed

people e'rolled i' school a%

I&a'da comm*'eC =*$a.*

/o'e a% =*$a.*# A*!*s% 25# 205

*'* a'asseh F%a!a',a

;ro!ramme OGcer


12/12

case study guideline

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