CASE STUDY OF IWRM GUIDELINECASE STUDY OF IWRM GUIDELINECHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN,CHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN,

INDONESIA*INDONESIA*

by:by:

Dr. Mochammad Amron **Dr. Mochammad Amron **

* PRESENTED TO THE LAUNCHING CEREMONY OF THE GUIDELINE 5TH WORLD WATER FORUM, ISTANBUL, TURKEY** FIRST ADVISOR TO MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS, INDONESIA- CHAIRMAN OF NETWORK OF ASIAN RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATION

WORLD MAPWORLD MAP

OVERVIEW OF THE AREAOVERVIEW OF THE AREA

Indonesia

ARCHIPELAGO: 17500 IslandsRiver Basin : 5590 riversRiver Teritorry : 133 (total) National : 69

cross boundaries: 5cross provinces : 27strategic : 37

Province : 51 Regency : 13

East Java

East Java

Description of Brantas River Description of Brantas River Basin Basin

• Basin AreaBasin Area :: 11,800 km11,800 km2 2 (25% of E. Java) (25% of E. Java) • Population (2004)Population (2004) :15.5 million (43% of E. Java):15.5 million (43% of E. Java)• Average RainfallAverage Rainfall :: 2,000 mm/year2,000 mm/year• Water PotentialsWater Potentials :: 12 billion m12 billion m33/year/year• River LengthRiver Length :: 320 km 320 km

Active volcanoes :Mt. Kelud & Mt. Semeru

Covers : 9 regencies

5 municipalities

Indonesia

Brantas River Basin

East Java Brantas River Basin

THE BRANTAS CHALLENGESTHE BRANTAS CHALLENGES

• as the main source of water for over 6 million people in 1960 and become 15.5 million in 2004

• the river flows in 9 regencies, 5 municipalities

• fertile deltas provide best place to plants food crops especially paddy rice

• the second largest city of Indonesia, capital city of East Java Province Surabaya is located in the down stream of the river

• industries are also booming: require water supply•cities and industries also require adequate electricity

that can be supplied from hydroelectric generation

THE BRANTAS CHALLENGES (2)THE BRANTAS CHALLENGES (2)• as originated from active volcanoes it bears a potential

disaster of volcanic eruption, lava and mudflows • due to topographic condition where a winding clockwise

watercourse provide unique situation, frequent floods occurs in the lower parts

• floods and drought occurs annually due to lack of adequate infrastructure to regulate water

• how to save water during rainy season and release it during dry season

• In order to serve all aspect of water resources requires an effective water resources

development and management

• Careful assessment of potential water resources, Careful assessment of potential water resources, disaster reduction, energy generation, has to be disaster reduction, energy generation, has to be conducted in integral manner, conducted in integral manner,

• A comprehensive multipurpose project through A comprehensive multipurpose project through development of dams and reservoir, river development of dams and reservoir, river improvement to provide flood control, irrigation, improvement to provide flood control, irrigation, power generation, and water supplypower generation, and water supply

• Priority of development has to be set up, Priority of development has to be set up, community development at the same time has also community development at the same time has also be strengthened,be strengthened,

• Change behavior of the community in the Change behavior of the community in the upstream, middle reach stream, and down stream upstream, middle reach stream, and down stream posses another big challengesposses another big challenges

• Infrastructure development requires huge Infrastructure development requires huge investment and long term commitment, investment and long term commitment,

• Coordination among sectors, regions and Coordination among sectors, regions and stakeholder requires strong institution, stakeholder requires strong institution,

• Central Government has the major role in Central Government has the major role in cooperation with local government, cooperation with local government,

• Special project office had been set up within river Special project office had been set up within river basin boundaries,basin boundaries,

• Public involvement, through public consultation, Public involvement, through public consultation, public awareness and other campaign are among public awareness and other campaign are among integral part of activities.integral part of activities.

PROJECT COST & COST RECOVERY PROJECT COST & COST RECOVERY CHALLENGESCHALLENGES

• Infrastructure requires huge investment and long term commitment in investment cost to accomplish series development of infrastructure

• Beneficiaries pay principle, regulation and institutionalstructures in collecting revenue has to be set up

• Strong institution that can operate and maintain series of infrastructure should also been set up

PROCESS AND ACTIONPROCESS AND ACTION

• The Central Government has the major role in The overall basin development

• Foreign aid mainly form Japan provide assistancein preparation and project execution

• Initial overall development plan had been prepared known as Brantas Plan 1958• Priorities were selected within each development stage

• Brantas development plan committed to:“One River, One Plan, One Integrated Management”

WATER RESOURCESOBJECTIVES

WATERPROBLEMS IN

THE BASIN

MASTERPLAN II(1973)

MASTER PLAN I(1961)

MASTERPLAN III(1985)

IMPLEMENTATION(1962 - 1972)

IMPLEMENTATION(1973 - 1984)

IMPLEMENTATION(1984 - 2000)

FLOOD CONTROL

IRRIGATION

DOMESTIC &INDUSTRIAL

WATER SUPPLY

REVIEW

MASTERPLAN IV (1998)

IMPLEMENTATION

(1999 - 2020)

MANAGEMENT &CONSERVATION OFWATER RESOURCES

REVIEW

REVIEW

Wonorejo Dam (00)

Master Plan I(1961 - 1973)

Master Plan II(1974 - 1985)

Master Plan III(1986 - 2000)

Sengguruh Dam (88)

Sutami Dam (72)T.Agung Tunnel (91)

Selorejo Dam (72)

Waru-Turi B. (92)

Bening Dam (84) Gunungsari B. (81)

Menturus R.D (93)

Jatimlerek R.D (93)

Wlingi Dam (78)Lodoyo Dam (83) Lahor Dam (77)

New Lengkong B (74)

Total investment (1960-2001) : 8.6 trillions Rp.

WATER RESOURCES INFRASTRUCTURESWATER RESOURCES INFRASTRUCTURES• LARGE DAMS:

•Selorejo Dam 1970•Sutami Dam 1972•Lahor Dam 1975• Wlingi Dam 1978•Bening Dam 1984•Sengguruh Dam 1988•Wonorejo Dam 2000

• Barrages:•New Lengkong 1974•Gunungsari1981•Jagir (rehabilitation)1981•Lodoyo1983•Tulungagung gate1986•Wonokromo1990•Mrican1992

• Rubber Dams:•Gubeng 1990•Jatimlerek 1993•Menturus 1993

Beneficiaries Unit 1960 2007

- Flood Control Inundated areas Flooding every year (60.000 ha)

Relatively none in main

stream- Irrigation Cropping

Intensity0.8 x / year 2.2 x / year

(244%)

- Electricity Million kWh/year 170 a) 1.100 (647%)

- Domestic Million m3/year 73 b) 288 (395%)

- Industry Million m3/year 50 c) 153 (306%)

Note: a) Mendalan and Siman HEPP b) Ngagel I dan II Domestic Water Treatment Plantsc) Sugar factories

Development Benefits

• 47 years since the development47 years since the development

Electricity = 1.1 billion kWh/year Raw Water for Domestic Supply = 288 Mm3/year

Irrigation Area= 304,000 ha(83,000 ha from main stream)

Raw Water for Industries Supply =153 Mm3/year

Maintenance Flow = 204 Mm3/yearAnd Flood Control 50 yearsReturn Period = 60,000 ha

Fisheries = 41 Mm3/year

Utilization of Water in 200Utilization of Water in 20077

LEGAL FRAMEWORKLEGAL FRAMEWORK• Law No. 11/1974 Water Resources Development

(Based on 1936 “Water Law”):•Water resources Development & Management should be based on River Basin/ Territory

• Law No. 11/1974 had been amanded and become•Law No 7/2004 concerning Water Resources

• Law 7/2004 provide a more decentralized system •The Law also regulate beneficiaries pay principle,Water management fee and basic water rights.• Only Public Corporation can manage water

resources commercially in a river basin

Legal BasisLegal Basis

Established by GEstablished by Government of overnment of IIndonesiandonesia to to manage Brantas River and its 39 tributaries, manage Brantas River and its 39 tributaries, according to Government Regulation No. 5 of according to Government Regulation No. 5 of 1990. This regulation was amended by 1990. This regulation was amended by Government Regulation No. 93 of 1999. Then Government Regulation No. 93 of 1999. Then Presidential Decree No. 129 of 2000 stipulating Presidential Decree No. 129 of 2000 stipulating additional basin of Bengawan Solo to be managed.additional basin of Bengawan Solo to be managed.

PRESIDENT

M of PW

NATIONAL

PROVINCIAL

REGENCY AUTONOMOUS REGION

M OF PW : MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS

DGWR : DIRECTORATE GENERAL PO WATER RESOURCESNWRC : NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES COUNCILBWU : BASIN WATER OPERATION UNITPWRC : PROVINCIAL WATER RESOURCES COMMITTEEBWRC: BASIN WATER RESOURCES COMMITTEEPWRS : PROVINCIAL WATER RESOURCES SERVICE DWRS: DISTRICT WATER RESOURCES SERVICERBC : RIVER BASIN CORPORATION (PJT –1) BAPPEDA : PLANNING BOARD

Structural activityCoordination activity

DGWR

DIRECTORATES

BBWS/TEU

BUPATI

NWRC

M of State of Enterprise M of HARA

PWRC PWRS

BWRCs BWUsRBC

BAPPENAS

GOVERNOR

PROV.BAPPEDA

REGENCY BAPPEDA

DWRS

UPTD

REGIONAL STRUCTURE FOR BWRM

sec

sec

(BRANTAS)

RBC/PJT I

GOVERNOR

M of HARA : MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS & REGIONAL AUTONOMY

REFORESTATION

CONSERVATION CONSERVATION OF BRANTAS ORIGIN

Action to preserve watershed and to control erosion and sedimentation in cooperation with related agencies

TERRACING

Scope of Water Resources ManagementWatershed Management

CHECK DAM

DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLYIRRIGATION

HEPP INDUSTRY

Action to provide water supply for all stakeholders in fair and transparent manner based on water allocation agreed by water resources management committee

Scope of Water Resources ManagementWater Quantity Management

RESERVOIR OPERATION

RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS FIELD STUDY

SAMPLING LABORATORY TEST

Action to increase water quality gradually to meet standard

0

6

12

18

24

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Th. 1997 Th. 1996 Th. 1995 Th. 1994

Th. 1993 Th. 1991 Th. 1998 Standart Maks

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BO

D

Lokasi Pemantauan

RATA-2 TAHUNAN KONSENTRASI BOD Di sepanjang K. Brantas

K. Brantas K. Surabaya K. Mas

0

6

12

18

24

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Th. 1997 Th. 1996 Th. 1995 Th. 1994

Th. 1993 Th. 1991 Th. 1998 Standart Maks

==

=>

BO

D

Lokasi Pemantauan

RATA-2 TAHUNAN KONSENTRASI BOD Di sepanjang K. Brantas

K. Brantas K. Surabaya K. Mas

REPORTING RESULTS

Scope of Water Resources ManagementWater Quality Management

RAINFALL GAUGINGMASTER STATION WATER LEVEL GAUGING

MITIGATIONCONTROL DAM

Action to control and mitigate flood in cooperation with related agencies

Scope of Water Resources ManagementFlood Control

RIVER TOURISM

WATER SPORT

Action to maintain bio-diversity and to have benefit for sport, tourism activities etc.

RIVER CLEANING

Scope of Water Resources ManagementRiver Environment Management

RIVER TOURISM RESERVOIR TOURISM

RIVER DREDGING RIVETMENT REHABILITATION

REHABILITATION OF TUNNEL

Action to maintain functions of infrastructures to meet its lifetime

Scope of Water Resources ManagementWater Resources Infrastructure Management

REHABILITATION OF WEIR

RESERVOIR DREDGING

INSTITUTIONAL SET UPINSTITUTIONAL SET UP

• Provincial Water Resources Committee• Basin Water Resources Committee

• Provincial Water Resources Services• Basin Water Operation Unit (under province)

• Brantas Technical Executing Unit (under central government)

• Jasa Tirta Public Corporattion

LESSON LEARNTLESSON LEARNTAS KEY’S FOR SUCCESSAS KEY’S FOR SUCCESS

• Within one river basin should have a clear and comprehensive development and management plan•A consistent policy with political support to provide enough financial support to plan, develop and manage river basin

• Stages of development is necessary since water resources development requires a huge investment

• Operation and Maintenance costs are also another burden. Beneficiaries pay principle should be applied

LESSON LEARNT (2)LESSON LEARNT (2)

• Legal framework to provide support and legal basisfor activities has to be set up

•A strong institutions to carry out activities as regulatorybody, operational bodies and/or developers is necessary

•A committee or Water Council where representative of stakeholder could meet as water parliament

is important• Public involvement and awareness to support of

activities is one of the key success of development• A continuing effort to improve regulation, institutions,

development is necessary

Thank you very much