case study malay indo
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Case study
Fadillah PutraLBJ School of Public Affairs
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The Konfrontasi
• 1963, President Sukarno refuses the 'merger' between Malay and 2 other British colonies Sabah and Sarawak (in Borneo)
• 1964 war, Malay (backed by British and Australia) vs Indonesia - thousands of soldiers killed
• 1965, UN accepts Malaysia, and Indonesia withdraws from its membership in UN
• 1965, Suharto comes to power, Konfrontasi ended
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Sipadan and Ligitan Islands
• Area has been long disputed between Malaysia and Indonesia
• 2002 dispute brought to International Court of Justice (ICJ), resulting in the islands being rewarded to Malaysia
• The reason was not only "effective occupation" principal but also Malaysia has more capacity to taking care the islands (esp environmental)
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Ambalat
• 2005 Malaysia gives oil mining to Royal Dutch Shell
• Malaysia believes Ambalat area belongs to them because of Sipadan and Ligitan effect
• Indonesia's army ship (KD Renchong) and Malaysian (Tedung Naga) collided in the area
• Malaysia chased away Indonesian fishermen, Indonesia accused Malaysia of 35 violations of territory
• Ended with share the profit of oil concession
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Economic gap and the impacts
• Malaysia's GDP per capita: $14,400 (63rd), Indonesia's GDP per capita: $4,356 (114th)
• According to Malaysian ambassador, there are about 400,000 illegal Indonesian workers in Malaysia
• According to Immigrant Labor Division Indonesian Embassy in Malaysia, at least 1,000 Indonesian workers have been abused in Malaysia
• Illegal Logging and woods smuggling • Illegal immigrants, especially border
people ADB, 2007
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Border Area
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Cultural Similarities and Patent Problem
• “Rasa Sayange” and “Burung Kakatua” songs.
• “Rendang” (traditional food looks like beef curry)
• Reyog and Barongan (traditional dance)
• Angklung (traditional music instrument)
• Batik (traditional fabric)
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Conclusion
• Indonesia and Malaysia have so many things in common, but that can not avoid (even create) conflict.
• Comprehensive bilateral agreement is needed esp. between neighbouring countries with huge economic gap
• Instead of inciting hatred towards Malaysia or overly promoting nationalism, Indonesian Government needs to provide good services and develop the border area
• There needs to be an agreement about how to protect cultural heritage -- based on state or nation?