case study on the river ganga by ism ravi kiran jp (defining generations)
DESCRIPTION
A general basic case study on the river Ganga at Varanasi covering all the aspects of Pollution, Government'r role, Treatment facilities, Future prospects, Health status of river.TRANSCRIPT
The GangesPollution sources and Treatment
prospects
presented by
Ravi Kiran JP Ashutosh & MD Asif Iqbal
“Defining generations”
Email ID: [email protected] of Environmental Science & Engineering
Indian School of Mines(ISM), Dhanbad Jharkhand- 826004
The Ganges
Trans-boundary river of India & Bangladesh. The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises in the western Himalayas in the
Indian state of Uttarkhand and flows south -east through the Gangetic Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal.
It is the longest river of India and is the second greatest river in the world by water Discharge.
The Ganges basin is the most heavily populated river basin in the world, with over 400 million people and a population density of about 1,000 inhabitants per square mile.
Ganga, has been enlisted on the list of 10 most endangered rivers of the world.
The Ganges Map
Scientific significance of the Ganga According to reports by environmental engineers of IIT
Roorkee , the Ganga decomposes the organic waste 15 to 25 times faster then other river.
Scientists and religious leaders have speculated on the causes of the river's apparent self-purification effect, in which water-borne bacteria such as dysentery and cholera are killed off, thus preventing large-scale epidemics.
Some studies have reported that the river retains more oxygen than is typical for comparable rivers; this could be a factor leading to fewer disease agents being present in the water.
The waters of the Ganga carry one of the highest sediment loads anywhere in the world, with a mean annual total of 1.6 billion tonnes, compared to 0.4 billion tonnes for the Amazon
Contd..
According to NBRI (National Botanical Research Institute) Ganga water have a anti bacterial quality .
It found in research the E. COLI live only 3 days in Ganga water due to its bacterio-phase quality's.
43% of Indian population rely on the Ganges lonely.
Environmental Problems
The Ganges was ranked among the top five most polluted rivers of the world in 2007, with fecal coliform levels in the river near Varanasi more than hundred times the official Indian government limits.
Pollution threatens not only humans, but also more than 140 fish species, 90 amphibian species and the endangered Ganges river dolphin.
It is filled with chemical wastes, sewage and even human and animal remains which carry major health risks by either direct bathing in the dirty water, or by drinking.
Faecal Coliform Report by CPCB, 2012
Varanasi, the spiritual capital of India
It is found in research's the FAECAL COLIFORM levels in the river near Varanasi more than 100 times then official Indian government limit.
WATER QUALITY OF RIVER GANGA
Water quality can be characterize by mainly following parameters:
Dissolve oxygen (DO)Biological oxygen demand (BOD)Chemical oxygen demand (COD)Fecal coliform
Water Quality of Varanasi
Pollution sources, causes & Effects
Nonpoint sources: Runoff from agricultural fields Solid waste Marigold flowers with pesticides Human and Cattle excreta and fecal
matter Bathing and washing on ghats Cremation
Example Cremation at Manikamika Ghat
Point Sources
Sewage Effluent dischargeDomestic wasteIndustrial EffluentsOveflow and leakage of NalasPolluted river NalaLeather Industries
Ganga Action plan
In 1986, the government had launched the first phase of Ganga Action Plan (GAP-I) to protect the country’s largest river basin. It selected stretches of the river along 25 cities in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal. In 1993, GAP-II was initiated which included the river’s tributaries—the Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar and the Mahanadi. On February 20, 2009, the Union government gave the Ganga the status of a National River and re-launched GAP with a reconstituted National Ganga River Basin Authority. The re-launched GAP took into account the entire river basin and emphasised the river’s need to have adequate water to maintain its ecological flow. But five years after the re-launch, pollution levels are still, to say the least, grim. Rivers have the ability to clean themselves—to assimilate and treat biological waste using sunlight and oxygen. But the Ganga gets no time to breathe and revive
Failure of GAP I & GAP II
1.Non availability of Environmental State-of-the-Art.
2.Inappropriate Environmental Planning.
3.Establishment of non specific Sewage Treatment Plants on highly productive crop lands.
4. Least political dedication and vision to save the Ganga.
Government in Action Again
The Ganges River, considered to be sacred in India is getting a $1 billion clean up loan from the World Bank.
Clean up efforts that include building water treatment plants, fixing dams and other water quality improvement measures.
VARANASI is all set to witness establishment of National Ganga River Basin Research Institute for sustainable development of the Ganga river basin in the region. The Centre has expressed confidence that by 2020 the polluted River Ganga would be cleaned and Rs 15,000 crore will be spent on it.
Prime Minister Plans New Policy to Clean Ganga – A Ray of Hopes!!
NEW DELHI: Prime Minister Narendra Modi had vowed to come out with a plan to bring back the lost glory of Ganga during his campaign in Varanasi, and now his government is planning a policy initiative to check pollution in the mighty river.
“The government will work out a policy initiative for the rejuvenation of Ganga as well as the cleaning up of other important rivers in the country. Efforts will be made to make it clean and pious as it was in the past,” Union Minister of Water Resources and Ganga Rejuvenation Uma Bharti said after taking charge of the ministry. Promising an early review the status of various river projects, including fund allocation, Bharti said all the rivers should be made free from the source of pollution and people should get clean water.
Medium and Long Term strategy
Medium Term Plan Creating enabling environment through CPCB to achieve the objective
of zero liquid discharge Sanitation measures in 1649 Gram Panchayats as identified by Ministry
of Drinking Water and Sanitation Sewerage infrastructure coverage for identified 118 towns
Long Term Plan To emerge from Ganga River Basin Management Plan (GRBMP) being
prepared by consortium of 7 IITs, likely to be submitted by December, 2014 - Interim Report received from IIT consortium
Schematic Diagram of Varanasi proposed by GAP
Mision Clean Ganga 2020
Objective: “by year 2020, no untreated municipal sewage and industrial effluents flow into Ganga”
Gangotri
Ganga Sagar
River with unique Ecosystem River with unique Ecosystem and Biodiversity and Biodiversity
Socio-Cultural HeritageSocio-Cultural Heritage
Water Resource ManagementWater Resource Management
Environmental Quality Environmental Quality and Pollutionand Pollution
Geo-morphological Changes: Erosion, Sediment Geo-morphological Changes: Erosion, Sediment Transport/Deposition And FloodsTransport/Deposition And Floods
Contd..
REMEDIES FOR MISMANAGEMENT IN GANGA RIVER POLLUTION
Appropriate technology and suitable alternatives for waste water interception and treatment of sewage in Varanasi (Not to use electrical dependent pumps in STP, instead use gravity based)
A type of algae that eats feces that is use to turn sewage in to fertilizer could be use to clean the Ganges river (advanced integrated wastewater)
Improving river bank to reduce erosion Reduce obstruction of water flow By mind setup and reduction in corruption By proper and forceful implementation of water act and
environmental act River water quality monitoring at regular intervals
Environmentalists speaks:
“ Environmentalists say the river supports over 400 million people, and if the unabated pollution is not controlled, it will be the end of communities living along the banks.”
FUTURE THREAT!!
Conclusions
Due to excessive sewage discharge, industrial and domestic waste at various places, the quality and sacredness of Ganges has degraded
Aerobic microbial activity has reduced the DO and increased the BOD
Damming along the river at various places has reduced its carrying capacity to dissolve harmful things
Contd..
Dolphin, the national aquatic organism (Platanista gangetica gangetica) has become endangered due to excessive pollution
Indicating that the cultural, religious, social and economical value of Ganga is in danger
References
Divedi,S. 1991. Assessment of water quality of river Ganga at Varanasi. Ph.D. Thesis. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
River Ganga At Varanasi: The Polluted Purifier, Priyadarshini Shukla And B.D. Tripathi Department Of Botany, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi (U.P.).STATUS PAPER ON RIVER GANGA, national river
conservation directorate ministry of environment and forest.