Catalyst #17 Pg. 87-Take out Flashcards1. Go to the class websiteOpen and do the Catalyst:Anatomy: Lesson 85- Catalyst #17-4/3-4/4ANDANATOMY: LESSON 83- Drugs on the Brain PPT-4/3-4/4ANDAnatomy: Lesson 85- Drugs Graphic Organizer-4/3-4/4ANDAnatomy: Lesson 85- Brain Dissection Pre Lab-4/3-4/4

Semester 2 Table of Contents24. Lesson 82- Action Potential Simulation Pg. 79-8025. Lesson 83- Synaptic Transmission Pg. 81-8426. Lesson 84- Drugs Intro Pg. 85-8627. Lesson 85- Drugs (2) Pg. 87-90Assigned Vocabulary- Due TODAY 42. Synapse43. Synaptic cleft44. Pre synaptic neuron45. Post synaptic neuron46. Synaptic VesicleAssigned Vocabulary-

Due Next Th/Fri47. Agonist48. Antagonist 49. Stimulant50. Depressant

Fight-Or-Flight:

Rest-and-Digest:

(1) Presynaptic neuron

(2) Postsynaptic neuron

(3) neurotransmitter

Announcements

• Brain Dissection: 4/7-4/8– Pre lab needs to be completed in order to be part of

the dissection– You will be assigned to groups of 4– Dissection= 1 test grade (you cannot make this

up)• Nervous System Test: 4/11-4/12

– 1 test grade• Notebook Check Date Change AND Grade Change:

– Wednesday 4/10– Count as 2 grades for March AND April

• TOTAL: 4 grades

Let’s Explore (20-30 min)-Pg.90

• https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/introb.html#dr

• Directions:– Click on 5 drugs– Read the entire page– Fill out your graphic organizer

Explain the different categories of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

Get Ready for Notes Pg. 88-89Title: Drugs on the Brain

What is a drug?• Any substance that produces a change in the structure or function of your body

• A psychoactive drug produces a change in the structure of your function of your brain

drugs

Psychoactive drugs

Stimulant

Depressant

Opiate

hallucinogen

Categories of psychoactive drugs

1 stimulant 2 depressant

3 opiate 4 hallucinogen

Sympathetic Nervous System

1. stimulant• Speeds up body processes by

acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper”

•Based on the above, what symptoms would you predict?

caffeine

cocaine

amphetamines

nicotine

1. stimulant• Speeds up body processes by

acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper”

• Symptoms• Abnormal cheerfulness or

talkativeness• Frequent urination• Loss of appetite• Difficulty sleeping• Increased heart rate & breathing• Anxiety

caffeine

cocaine

amphetamines

nicotine

2. depressants

2. depressant• Slows down body processes by acting on parasympathetic nervous system (“downers”)

• Symptoms• slows down breathing and heart rate

• slows down reflexes• disrupts coordination• Impairs judgment• lack of concentration

barbiturates

tranquilizers

alcohol

Stop & Think

Compare and contrast stimulants versus depressants

3. opiate• Endorphins make you happy• Opiates are agonists for

endorphins, and are used a painkillers

heroin

morphine

Methadone

codeine

3. opiate• Symptoms

• Produce a sense of euphoria and well-being, blocking out pain and problems

• Drowsiness• Lack of attention• Loss of appetite

• Extremely addictive• Your body: “You don’t need

me to make endorphins anymore, right?”

heroine

morphine

Methadone

codeine

4. hallucinogens• “psychedelics”• Changes your perceptions of things: sensory hallucinations, loss of identify, vivid fantasies

• Persistent: reverse tolerance• Disassociatives: A type of hallucinogen that blocks signals to the conscious mind from the rest of the brain

LSD

mushrooms

Peyote

PCP

5. uncategorized

• Some drugs are complex and have characteristics of multiple categories

• Examples of these drugs include marijuana and ecstasy

Agonist vs. Antagonist: Return of the Synapse

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal)

postsynaptic neuron(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter receptor

Action Potential Arrives

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter receptor

Synaptic Vesicle merges membrane

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor

Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor

Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft (diffusion)

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor

Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post synaptic neuron

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor

This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicleneurotransmitter receptor

Excitationmore action potentials

Neurotransmitter reuptake (“recycling”)

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter receptor

This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition

postsynaptic neuron(dendrite)

neurotransmitter receptor

excitationmore action potentials

inhibitionfewer action potentials

glutamate

GABA

An agonist is a “pretender”

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter receptor

An antagonist blocks the receptor

presynaptic neuron(axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron

(dendrite)

synaptic cleft

synaptic vesicle

neurotransmitter

neurotransmitter receptor

agonist antagonist

A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials.

agonist

A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials.

agonist antagonist

Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen.

antagonist

Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen.

Cocaine/Crack

The drug block the reuptake channels for dopamine. When dopamine is released, it is unable to return back to the pre-synaptic neuron. This causes more neurotransmitter to be released into the synaptic cleft, more sodium channels are open, and more action potentials are fired.

LSD

The drug most resembles the neurotransmitter serotonin, so it is able to unlock the postsynaptic receptor. This causes more action potentials (electric signaling) in the visual cortex of the brain.

Meth

This drug enters the pre-synaptic neuron through the reuptake channels and takes the place of dopamine in the synaptic vesicles. The dopamine is then bullied out and pushed into the synaptic cleft causing an overflow of the neurotransmitter.

Alcohol• This drug increases

the effect of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It slows down action potentials.

• The other way is that it blocks post-synaptic receptors for glutamate so that the glutamate cannot bind to postsynaptic receptors and release a signal.

Marijuana• Cannabinoid receptors exist in

the hippocampus, cerebellum

• Cannabinoid receptors are activated by a neurotransmitter called anandamide.

• THC mimics the actions of anandamide, meaning that THC binds with cannabinoid receptors and activates neurons,

• Blocks acetylcholine from being released.

Brain Dissection Pre Lab- Separate sheet of paper that you will turn in on Mon/Tues

• Needs to be complete in order to do lab on Mon/Tues• REMEMBER:

• You cannot make up the brain lab• Unexcused Absent= NP