catania, 12/04/2019 riuso) di materia e energia dai fanghi di … · 2019. 4. 12. · il recupero...
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Il recupero (e riuso ) di materia e energia dai fanghi
di depurazioneFrancesco Fatone ([email protected])
Laboratorio di Ingegneria Ambientale delle Acque e dei Rifiuti (LIAAR)
Dipartimento SIMAU, Facoltà di Ingegneria, Ancona
Catania, 12/04/2019
FANGO = BIORISORSA ???
Is municipal wastewater and
sewage sludge in?
Brussels, 28 May 2018
MINUTES AVAILABLE HERE:
http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/Minutes_Workshop_Biowaste.pdf
Is municipal wastewater and sewage sludge in?
Is municipal wastewater and
sewage sludge in?
Is water and/or wastewater central in the
“Circular Economy Package”?
Source: https://www.eip-water.eu/water-%E2%80%9Ccircular-economy-package%E2%80%9D
Circular Economy Package mainly aim at facilitating water reuse - this will include a legislative proposal on minimum requirements for reused water, for example for irri gation and groundwater recharge
FP7HORIZON
2020
HORIZON EUROPE
WP 2014 - 2015
WP 2016 - 2017
WP 2018 - 2020
WP: Work programmes
FP: Funding programmes
WP 2014 - 2015
Call on Waste with 7 topics
Call on Water with 5 topics-> Water 1: bridging the Gap: frominnovative water solutions to market replication
=>
WP 2016- 2017
Call on Circular Economy with4 topics
Call on Water with 3 topics
WP 2018- 2020
Circular Economy is a focus area. 8 topics under SC5
Call on Water with 3 topics
>70 water andCircular Ec. projects
H2020 IN THE THREE MAIN PATHWAYS TO DELIVER CIRCULAR ECONOMY
VALUABLE
MATERIALS
ENERGY
• Portfolio of resources• Economy of scale• International cluster of innovators• Cross-sectorial value chain• Standard methods and quality
The ENERGY PATHWAY (to deliver circular economy)
Current Technology Readiness Level = 8 -9
YES WE COULD and WE CAN!!!
butWATER-ENERGY-CARBON
NEXUS!
Energy positive is not possible in conventional
WWTPs
Full scale performances of enhanced anaerobic
digestion (1)
Full scale performances of enhanced anaerobic digestion (2)
Energy positive in full scale: how?
• Upstream diversion of more carbon to anaerobic digestion
• Separate short-cut treatment of the reject water
• Energy-efficiency in the mainline (e.g. short-cut (via-nitrite) processes)
The A-B schemes
Strass WRRF: energy positive since 2005
In 2011:
- 250 000 PE
- 37 000 m3/d Winter
- 23 000 m3/d Summer
Energy -positive in 2005
120%-140% positive by co -digestion of sewage sludge and
organic waste
Energy positive evolution : H2020 POWERSTEP
POWERSTEP modules1- in mainline WWTP for A -stage (C extraction) 2- in mainline WWTP for B -stage (N removal)3- reject water for N - removal or N -recovery4- for best biogas valorisation
www.powerstep.eu
The MATERIALS PATHWAY (to deliver circular economy)
Phosphorus = TRL 8-9Other (Focus on cellulose, VFA
and biopolymers) = TRL 4-7
but: social, market and regulatorybarriers!
Germany 2017+: a template to adapt, but not just to copy as is
� 2017 – new fertilising ordinance (DÜV) limits nutrient loads applied toland and acutely reduces sludge disposal capacities -> cost explosion!
� new fertiliser ordinance (DÜMV) sets stricter quality criteria (less sludgeconform) – monitoring cost
� 2017 – new sewage sludge ordinance (AbfKlärV) enters into force• 2023 – all WWTP have to submit sludge management concepts considering P
recovery• 2029 – P recovery oblig. for all WWTP above 100,000 p.e. (ban from land
application)• 2032 – P recovery oblig. for all WWTP > 50,000 p.e.
o Even smaller WWTP have to recover P, if no land application possibleo On-site WWTP: P recovery to deplete below 20 g P/kg DM or at least by 50%o After thermal-pretreatment recoverable separate storage of ash/concentrate or
recovery process with >80% recovery rate
What is missing?o No marketable recycling concepts includedo No measure to secure proper ash quality (all sludge can be inc. in mono-inc.)o Reverence value for P should refer to mineral sludge phase, not to DSo Who pays for what? (Inc. and recovery from ash monopoly?)
© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights ReservedEuropean Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe
Sewage Sludge - Destinations in Germany 2016 and 2030
Total municipal sludge quantity: 1.77 million tons of dry solids per year!
© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights Reserved
26%
78%
38%
10%
34%
10%
2%
2%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
2016
2030
SHARE OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL ROUTE
YE
AR
Other Agriculture and landscaping
Co-incineratioon Mono-incineration
Estimated trend for future disposal routes by 2030
European Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe
Hotspots for P recovery & Recycling for WWTP > 50.000 p.e.
primary
clarificatio
n
secondary
clarificatio
n
influent effluent
grit
chamberaeration
bioga
s
anaerobic
digestion
dewatering
incineratio
n
agriculture
2b
2a 3
1process water
waste activated sludge
thickenin
g
Integrated in WWTP
Site by Site
Downstream WWTP
Clusters
2c
P re-dissolving pre-treatment
© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights Reserved
2029/32+� Land appl. prohibited
� Co-incineration onlyfor sludge with < 2%P
� Mono-incineration allowedwithout restriction, but Precovery from ash afterwardsrequired
Priority for utilities:� Long term disposal security� Cost control� Lowest financial risk
European Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe
More than 100 full-scale plants operational world-wide! > 80 recover Struvite (> 60 are municipal)
Global implementation – without law enforcement just to recover as such?
© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights Reserved
https://de.batchgeo.com/map/0f9d56a3aa57a51379a3cb23af27d202
European Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe
Availability of Solutions? … Yes! there are …
Am
ende
d fr
om P
-RE
X®
and
Kra
us
© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights Reserved
P recovery & recyclingPre-treatment
Recovery modulesRe-dissolution modulesWhere?
Demo/PilotFull-scale
Crystallizatio
n in sludge
matrix
Without enforced re-
diss.
Integrated
recovery at
WWTP Crystallizatio
n in sludge
liquor or
adsorption
at CSH after
dewatering
Thermal hydrolysis
Poly-phosphate re-diss.
prior digestion
Chemical re-dissolution
Wasstrip
Lysother
m
Lysother
mTDH
Pondus
StuttgartEXTRAPHO
S
AirPrexAirPrex
Struvite
EloPhos
Struvite
PearlPearl
Struvite
Phosphogreen
Struvite
Down-stream
recovery from
sewage sludge
Sewage sludge mono-
incineration
Thermal alternatives
Chemically
Thermal
Glatt® SERAPLANT
NPK
Solvent Extraction
tech. grade H3PO4
EcoPhos and TetraPhos
tech. grade H3PO4
AshDec, EuPhoRe
Mineral Phosphates
Thermphos
P4
Thermphos
P4
Mephrec
P-rich slag
RecoPhos (InduCarb)
P4
METAWATER
HAP
Direct application Agriculture
Acidogen.
CalPrexDCP
KUBOTA
P-rich slag
+
Landscaping
STRUVEX
Struvite
Multiwa
s
Multiwa
s
Conv. Fertiliser Manufact.
SSP/TSP/NP/NPK/PK
Ash2Phos & CleanMAP
DCP, MAP, SSP, …
Rephosmast
Struvite
Rephosmast
er
Struvite
PhosnixPhosnix
Struvite
AD-HAPAD-HAP
HAP
Phosforce,
CalPrex
EcoRin
P-rich slag
STRUVIAStruvite/DCP
European Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe
Nutrient Recovery Cascades for P & N + Energy are state of the art!
Digestion
Primary Sludge
Waste
Activated
Sludge
Thermal
hydrolysis
Biogas to CHP
Dewatering
Dewatered Sludge
Return Load
StruviteDAS or AN
N recovery
Digestion
Struvite
Crystallization
Pre-
dewatering
MgCl2NaOH
H2SO4 or HNO3
� Drivers are:
• Operational needs/reduced
maintenance
• Benefits like reduced sludge volume
for disposal -> reduced cost
• Synergies with energy recovery
• Improved overall WWTP
performance to meet stricter P
consentsSou
rce:
am
ende
d fr
om K
raus
201
6
© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights ReservedEuropean Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe
Challenges and keys to Success and Sustainability?Only technologies, yielding homogenous products or raw materials,
independent from input material quality and mutually meeting both criteria, energy efficiency and resource efficiency will have a chance for wide-spread application under sustainability aspects.
Keys:� Heavy metal depletion (high quality products)� Moderate energy (and chemicals) consumption (cost)� Market for “known” recovered P (commercial products) (real value and price)
© Kabbe 2017
© 2018 Isle Utilities. All Rights ReservedEuropean Nutrient Event, Rimini, 8 November 2018, presented by Christian Kabbe
Value pyramid
Fonte: SMART-Plant project meeting
Fonte: SMART-Plant project meeting
Vision of circular construction chain
Vision of the organic residualstream
Il ruolo e la visione di WATERNET
(water utility di Amsterdam)• The importance to see wastewater as a resource is
clear, but the question is where to focus on.
• There is a wide variety of possible alternatives, as the array of technical options grows. While water, energy and nutrient recovery (phosphorus and nitrogen) are known alternatives, other options are emerging, e.g. the recovery of cellulose fibers, biopolymers, bioplastics and protein.
• The primary problem is not the availability of technology for resource recovery, but the lack of a social-technological planning and design methodology to identify and deploy the most sustainable solution in a given geographic and cultural context.
Value pyramid
Description of measures
Description of measures
Description of measures
Amsterdam’s water chain 2013 (in million m3)
Phosphorus in Amsterdam’swastewater chain 2013 (in
ton P).
Effect of measures on recovery of biogas, cellulose , PHA, phosphorous and alginic acid from Amsterdam’s waste water
Cellulose
Struvite
Calcium-P
P-Biofertilizer
Bio-
polymers
Biogas
and
Biomass
Fuel
Energy
and
Carbon
Efficiency
Water re-use and
fertigation
www.smart-plant.eu Start: 01/Jun/2016 – End: 31/May/2020
Scale-up of low-carbon footprint
MAterial Recovery Techniques in
existing wastewater treatment
PLANTs
- Horizon2020 IA
- 9 demo SMARTechs
- Cross-sectorial value chain
- Innovation deal
- 26 partners
- 19 SME or LI
- 7 R&D Organization
Co
nsu
me
r/In
du
stri
al
Pro
du
cts
AWARD 2018
SMARTechs integrated in existingWWTPs (revamped /upgraded to
WRRFs)
SMARTech1 - Geestmerambacht WWTP (NL)
SMARTech2b and Downstream
SMARTech B - Manresa WWTP (Spain) SMARTech2a –
Karmiel WWTP (IL)
SMARTech3 – WWTP at Cranfield University (UK)
SMARTech4a and 5
Carbonera WWTP (IT)
(It
SMARTech 4b - Psyttalia WWTP (Greece)
SMARTech 4a and SMARTech 5
Carbonera WWTP (Italy)
ONGOING STEPS OF THE PROJECT: closed value chain with validated technologies and marketable
industrial/consumer products
Industrial production of lignocellulosic
PHA biocomposites
Post-processing of recovered
cellulose in mortars and concrete
Pilot-scale production of biocomposites
from raw PHA-rich biomass
Production and testing of phosphorus
bio-fertilizers and biomass fuels
Sludge Center :
- THP process
- Anaerobic digestion
- Drying process
THP and SMARTechs in Castelfranco sludge centre ? (ATS Srl)
Sludge line
Temi attuali di ricerca ed innovazione?
https://www.iwarr2019.org/
Temi attuali di innovazione industriale?
H2020 Water Innovations for sustainable impacts in industries and utilities
post-conference workshop @ IWA RR 2019, Venice (IT) 11/09/2019co-organised by H2020 projects SMART-Plant, Hydrousa, NextGen and EASME
The workshop include:
• Pitch: pitching the outcomes of innovative H2020 projects looking at circular economy solutions in the water sector.
• Panel discussion: feedback from end-users, consumers and regulators.
• Break-out sessions: discuss opportunities and challenges related to the market uptake of circular economy solutions, as well as to the replication and adoption of resource recovery from water. Areas of interest include water & energy, water reuse, nutrients recovery, organics recovery, C-footprint and water tariffs.
Target participants:
Water professionals, researchers, utilities, technology providers, policy makers, consultants, and market players and industries outside the water sector able to valorise the recovered resources.
Participation is free - limited number of
participants:
Please send an expression of interest to