caucasus research resource centers

1

Conciliation Resources and

Caucasus Research Resource Centers, Georgia

IDPs IN GEORGIA – 20101

Questionnaire number

|_____|_____|_____| |_____|_____|

T1. Date of interview: |____|____| |____|____|

Day Month

T2. Time interview started:

[INTERVIEWER! USE 24-HOUR CLOCK.]

1 This English-language questionnaire is a working copy, and is provided as an illustration of how questions were

asked, in what sequence, and which options were offered to respondents. We are aware that articles and some

spellings could be improved, and provide this document without polishing, since it is primarily intended for

additional reference.

|____|____| |____|____|

Hour Minute

Caucasus Research Resource Centers

A Program of the Eurasia Partnership Foundation

2

1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1. Do you currently have official IDP status?

Yes 1

No 0

(Don‟t know) -1

(Refuse to answer) -2

2. When was the first time you became displaced as a result of the conflict in

Abkhazia? Please tell me the year.

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE DOWN THE FOUR-DIGIT YEAR.]

|____|____|____|____| YEAR

My parent(s) were) displaced; I never lived in Abkhazia -7 GO TO 5

(Don‟t know) -1


3. How old were you when you became displaced for the first time?

|____|____| YEARS OLD

(Don‟t know / Don‟t remember) -1


4. Not counting your first displacement, how many times have you changed your place

of residence?

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER OF TIMES. IF THE

RESPONDENT DID NOT CHANGE HIS/HER PLACE OF RESIDENCE AFTER THE

FIRST DISPLACEMENT, WRITE „0‟.]

GO TO 6 (Don‟t know) -1


[INTERVIEWER! SKIP THE NEXT QUESTION FOR EVERYONE WHO

ANSWERED QUESTION 4.]

5. How many times have you changed your place of residence during your lifetime?

3

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER OF TIMES. IF THE

RESPONDENT NEVER CHANGED HIS/HER PLACE OF RESIDENCE, WRITE „0‟.]

(Don‟t know) -1


[INTERVIEWER! ASK THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS TO ALL RESPONDENTS.]

6. How many children and/or teenagers under the age of 18 are there in your

household?

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER.]

|____|____| CHILDREN/TEENAGERS UNDER THE AGE OF 18


7. What is your current marital status?

[INTERVIEWER! DO NOT READ OUT. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER.]

Married 1

Separated 2

Divorced 3

Widowed 4

Single 5

(Don‟t know) -1


8. [SHOW CARD 8] Where did you / your family live prior to your first displacement?

[INTERVIEWER! ACCEPT ONE ANSWER.]

Gagra 1

Gali 2

Gudauta 3

Gulripshi 4

Ochamchire 5

Sokhumi 6

Tkvarcheli 7

(Don‟t know) -1


4

[INTERVIEWER! ASK QUESTION 9 AND 10 ONLY IF THE RESPONDENT WAS

18 YEARS OF AGE OR OLDER BEFORE DISPLACEMENT (CHECK BACK TO

QUESTION 3). IF THE RESPONDENT DID NOT ANSWER QUESTION 3, DO NOT

ASK QUESTIONS 9 AND 10.]

9. While you were still living in Abkhazia, did you have a job? This job may have been

part-time or full-time, and you may have been officially employed, informally

employed or self-employed, but it brought you monetary income.

Yes 1 No 0

GO TO 11

(Don‟t know) -1


10. [SHOW CARD 10] Regarding your primary place of employment while you were

living in Abkhazia, which of the following best describes the sector you were

working for?


Agriculture, hunting and forestry 1

Fishing 2

Mining and quarrying 3

Manufacturing 4

Electricity, gas and/or water supply 5

Construction 6

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles

and Personal and Household Goods 7

Hotels, restaurants, cafés 8

Transport, storage, communication 9

Financial intermediation / banking 10

Real estate 11

Government, public administration, defense 12

Education 13

Health care and social work 14

NGO 15

Arts / Cultural activities 16

Other 17

(Don‟t know) -1


5

[INTERVIEWER! ASK THE FOLLOWING QUESTION TO ALL RESPONDENTS.]

11. [SHOW CARD 11] What is your highest level of education?


No primary education 1

Primary education (either complete or incomplete) 2

Incomplete secondary education 3

Completed secondary education 4

Secondary technical education 5

Incomplete higher education 6

Completed higher education (either BA, MA or

„Specialist‟) 7

Ph.D. 8

(Don‟t know) -1


12. Do you currently work? This job may be part-time or full-time, and you may be

officially employed, informally employed or self-employed, but it brings you

monetary income.

Yes 1

No 0

GO TO 15

(Don‟t know) -1


13. [SHOW CARD 13] For how long have you been working at this place?

[INTERVIEWER! ACCEPT ONE ANSWER. IF THE RESPONDENT HAS MORE

THAN ONE JOB, ASK ONLY ABOUT HIS/HER PRIMARY JOB.]

Fewer than six months 1

From 6 months to 1 year 2

From 1 year to 2 years 3

From 2 years to 3 years 4

More than 3 years 5

(Don‟t know) -1


6

14. [SHOW CARD 14] Which of the following best describes the sector in which you

work?

[INTERVIEWER! ACCEPT ONE ANSWER. IF THE RESPONDENT HAS MORE

THAN ONE JOB, ASK ABOUT HIS/HER PRIMARY JOB.]

Agriculture, hunting and forestry 1

Fishing 2

Mining and quarrying 3

Manufacturing 4

Electricity, gas and/or water supply 5

Construction 6

Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles,

Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods 7

Hotels, restaurants, cafés 8

Transport, storage, communication 9

Financial intermediation / banking 10

Real estate 11

Government, public administration, defense 12

Education 13

Health care and social work 14

NGO 15

Arts / Cultural activities 16

Other 17

(Don‟t know) -1


15. [SHOW CARD 15] Let‟s imagine there is a 10-step ladder reflecting the economic

standing of all households in Georgia today. The first rung of this ladder

corresponds to the lowest possible economic position in society, while the 10th rung

corresponds to the highest possible position. Which rung of this ladder do you think

your household stands on currently?

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE THE NUMBER FROM THE SHOW CARD.]

|___|___| RUNG

(Don‟t know) -1


7

16. [SHOW CARD 16] Which of the following state allowances do you or your

household members receive? Please think of all household members that currently

live with you.

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE CODE „1‟ FOR THE OPTIONS NAMED BY THE

RESPONDENT, AND CODE „0‟ FOR THE REST. PLEASE TAKE INTO ACCOUNT

THAT IF THE RESPONDENT ANSWERS „NONE‟, „DON‟T KNOW‟ OR „REFUSE

TO ANSWER‟, DO NOT FILL THE REST OF THE TABLE.]

(None) -7

(Don‟t know) -1


1. IDP allowance

2. General social allowance

3. Retirement pension

4. My family receives an allowance, but I do

not know which one

8

2. IDENTIFICATION AND INTEGRATION

There are many different ways in which people describe themselves.

17. Which ethnic groups do you consider yourself a part of?

[INTERVIEWER! DO NOT READ OUT. WRITE CODE „1‟ FOR THE OPTIONS

NAMED BY THE RESPONDENT, AND CODE „0‟ FOR THE REST. ACCEPT ALL

ANSWERS.]

(I do not identify myself with any ethnic

group) -7

(Don‟t know) -1


1. Svan

2. Megrelian

3. Abkhaz

4. Ossetian

5. Georgian

6. Russian

7. Armenian

8. Other

18. Which language do you primarily speak at home?

[INTERVIEWER! DO NOT READ OUT. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER.]

Svan 1

Megrelian 2

Abkhaz 3

Georgian 4

Russian 5

Other 6

(Don‟t know) -1


19. People may have different attitudes towards representatives of various nationalities

and ethnicities. Now I am going to read out a list of nationalities and ethnicities. Can

9

you please tell me, would you approve or disapprove if people of your ethnicity are

friends with…

[INTERVIEWER! ASK LINE BY LINE ABOUT EACH ETHNIC GROUP FROM

TABLE 1. WRITE THE CODE CORRESPONDING TO THE RESPONDENT‟S

ANSWER IN COLUMN 19. USE CODE ‟-1‟ FOR “DON‟T KNOW” AND CODE „-2‟

FOR “REFUSE TO ANSWER”.]

20. Would you approve or disapprove of women of your ethnicity marrying…

[INTERVIEWER! ASK LINE BY LINE ABOUT EACH ETHNIC GROUP FROM

TABLE 1. WRITE CODE CORRESPONDING TO RESPONDENT‟S ANSWER IN

COLUMN 20. USE CODE ‟-1‟ FOR “DON‟T KNOW” AND CODE „-2‟ FOR

“REFUSE TO ANSWER”.]

Would you

approve or

disapprove

being friends

with…

Would you

approve or

disapprove

women

marrying…

TABLE 1 Approve 1

Disapprove 0

19 20

1 Greeks

2 Armenians

3 Abkhaz

4 Russians

5 Azerbaijanis

6 Ossetians

7 Georgians

8 Chinese

9 Americans

10

21. [SHOWCARD 21] On a scale from 1 to 5, where „1‟ means “Completely disagree”

and „5‟ means “Completely agree,” to what extent would you agree or disagree with

the following statements?

[INTERVIEWER! READ OUT THE STATEMENTS FROM TABLE 2. ACCEPT

ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

TABLE 2

Com

ple

tely

dis

agre

e

Som

ewhat

dis

agre

e

Nei

ther

agre

e no

r

dis

agre

e

Som

ewhat

agre

e

Com

ple

tely

agre

e

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

answ

er)

1 Generally speaking,

Georgian and Abkhaz

people have more that

unites them than divides

them: their culture, values

and mentality are similar

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2


Georgian people are

friendly towards Abkhaz

people

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2


Abkhaz people are friendly

towards people of other

ethnicities

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2


Abkhaz people are hostile

towards Georgian people

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2


Georgian people are

hostile towards Abkhaz

people

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

22. [SHOW CARD 22] Using the same CARD, where „1‟ means “Completely disagree”

and „5‟ means “Completely agree,” to what extent would you agree or disagree with

the following statements?

11

[INTERVIEWER! READ OUT THE STATEMENTS. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN

EACH ROW.]

Com

ple

tely

dis

agre

e

Som

ewhat

dis

agre

e

Nei

ther

agre

e no

r

dis

agre

e

Som

ewhat

agre

e

Com

ple

tely

agre

e

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

answ

er)

1 I feel like a part of

Georgian society 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

2 Georgian society is

supportive of IDPs 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

3 I feel that IDP concerns

are taken seriously by

the Georgian

government

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

4 I feel discriminated

against because I am an

IDP

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

12

3. DISPLACEMENT AND HOUSING

Thank you for your answers. I will now ask questions about your current settlement and

your place of residence.

23. [SHOW CARD 23] Speaking of the collective center where you currently live, how

satisfied are you with…

[INTERVIEWER! READ THE STATEMENTS FROM THE TABLE BELOW LINE BY

LINE. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

Com

ple

tely

unsa

tisf

ied

Som

ewhat

unsa

tisf

ied

Nei

ther

sat

isfi

ed n

or

unsa

tisf

ied

Som

ewhat

sat

isfi

ed

Com

ple

tely

sat

isfi

ed

Not

appli

cable

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

answ

er)

1 Supply of pipeline

water 1 2 3 4 5 -7 -1 -2

2 Availability of

electricity 1 2 3 4 5 -7 -1 -2

3 Availability of pipeline

gas 1 2 3 4 5 -7 -1 -2

4 Living space 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

6 Ability to grow food

and keep animals 1 2 3 4 5 -7 -1 -2

7 Safety 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

24. [SHOW CARD 24] Speaking of your current settlement, how satisfied are you

with…

13

[INTERVIEWER! READ THE STATEMENTS FROM THE TABLE BELOW LINE

BY LINE. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

Com

ple

tely

unsa

tisf

ied

Som

ewhat

unsa

tisf

ied

Nei

ther

sat

isfi

ed n

or

unsa

tisf

ied

Som

ewhat

sat

isfi

ed

Com

ple

tely

sat

isfi

ed

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

answ

er)

1 Proximity to relatives

and friends 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

2 Availability of

healthcare facilities 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

3 Opportunities for

employment 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

4 Pre-tertiary education

possibilities 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

5 Tertiary education

possibilities 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

6 Availability of banking

system 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

7 Safety 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

I would now like to ask you about the dwelling where you / your household lived in

Abkhazia before becoming displaced for the first time. Please think of your household as it

was in 1992-1993.

25. Did your household own the dwelling where you / your household lived in

Abkhazia?

Yes 1

No 0 GO TO

29 (Don‟t know) -1


26. Do you currently have any official documents from that time confirming this

ownership?

14

Yes 1

No 0

(Don‟t know) -1


27. [SHOW CARD 27] Which of the options provided in this CARD corresponds to the

current situation of your dwelling?


It is being used by our family (either

full-time or several months per year) 1

GO TO 29

Other people are living there with our

permission 2

Other people are living there without

our permission

3

It was ruined / destroyed 4 GO TO 29

It is deserted 5

Other 6

(Don‟t know) -1


28. [SHOW CARD 28] Which of the following best represents your feelings towards the

people now living in your dwelling in Abkhazia?


I appreciate that someone is looking after the house 1

GO TO

30

I understand that these people might also need a home 2

I ultimately do not care 3

I resent that other people live in the house 4

I would rather see the house destroyed than someone else

living there

5

(Don‟t know) -1


29. [SHOW CARD 29] Using this card, please tell me which of the following best

represents your feelings towards people now living in IDPs‟ dwellings in Abkhazia.


15

I appreciate that someone is looking after IDPs‟ houses 1

I understand that these people might also need a home 2

I ultimately do not care 3

I resent that other people live in IDPs‟ houses 4

I would rather see the houses destroyed than someone

else living there

5

(Don‟t know) -1



Now I want you to think generally about your friends and relatives that have also been

displaced from Abkhazia.

30. Thinking about IDP households that you know, approximately how many of every

10 households have sold their dwelling back in Abkhazia?

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER]

NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


31. And approximately how many out of every 10 IDP households that you know, have

rented their dwelling, or made an agreement similar to rent?


NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


32. Approximately how many let other people live in their dwelling back in Abkhazia

without paying rent, in exchange for maintaining it?


NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


33. And approximately how many have exchanged their dwelling back in Abkhazia for

a house or flat elsewhere?

16


NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


34. In general, do you approve or disapprove of IDPs making the following

arrangements in respect to their house or flat in Abkhazia?



Approve Disapprove

(Don‟t

know)

(Refuse

to

answer)

1. Sale of dwelling

1 0 -1 -2

2

Rent or an arrangement

similar to rent, where new

occupant pays regular

contributions in money or

in kind.

1 0 -1 -2

3

Agreement to let other

people live there without

paying a rent, in exchange

for maintaining the house

or flat

1 0 -1 -2

4 Exchange for other

property 1 0 -1 -2

Now I want to ask you about your visits to Abkhazia.

35. Since first becoming displaced, have you ever been back to Abkhazia?

17

Yes 1

No 0 GO

TO 41 I was not born in Abkhazia and I have never been there 2

I was not born in Abkhazia but I have been to Abkhazia 3

(Don‟t know) -1 GO

TO 41 (Refuse to answer) -2

36. [SHOW CARD 36] Since first becoming displaced, which region, or regions have

you visited in Abkhazia?


RESPONDENT, AND CODE „0‟ FOR THE REST. ACCEPT ALL ANSWERS.]

(Don‟t know) -1


1. Gagra

2. Gali

3. Gudauta

4. Gulripshi

5. Ochamchire

6. Sokhumi

7. Tkvarcheli

37. Speaking about the majority of your visits to Abkhazia, what was their primary

purpose?

[INTERVIEWER! DO NOT READ OUT. CORRESPOND. ACCEPT ONE

ANSWER.]

Trade 1

Visiting / maintaining dwelling 2

Visiting friends / family 3

Visiting graves / cemetery 4

Looking after cattle 5

Harvesting / cultivating land 6

Attending a special occasion such as wedding or funeral 7

Other 8

(Don‟t know) -1


38. When was the last time you went to Abkhazia? Please tell me the year.

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE DOWN THE FOUR-DIGIT YEAR.]

18

|____|____|____|____| YEAR

(Don‟t know) -1


[INTERVIEWER! ASK QUESTIONS 39 AND 40 ONLY TO RESPONDENTS WHO

ANSWERED “2009” OR “2010” IN THE PREVIOUS QUESITON.]

39. How many times have you crossed the boundary line into Abkhazia during the past

12 months?

[INTERVIEWER! WRITE DOWN THE NUMBER OF TIMES.]

|____|____|____| NUMBER OF TIMES

(Don‟t know) -1


40. Would you say that you used to go to Abkhazia more often, about the same or less

often than you did before the August 2008 conflict?


More often 1

The same 2

Less often 3

(Don‟t know) -1



41. Do you have relatives or close friends currently living in Abkhazia?

Yes 1

No 0



42. Are you in touch with these relatives or close friends in Abkhazia at least once a

month?

Yes 1

19

No 0

(Don‟t know) -1


20

4. MEDIA AND COVERAGE OF ABKHAZIA

Let‟s talk now about your interest in what goes on in Abkhazia these days.

43. How interested would you say you are in current affairs in Abkhazia – are you… [

[INTERVIEWER! READ OUT. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER.]

Very interested, 1

Quite interested, 2

Hardly interested, 3

Or not at all interested? 4

(Don‟t know) -1


44. [SHOW CARD 44] Using this card, how would you evaluate your knowledge of

current events in Abkhazia? „1‟ means you know nothing about current events in

Abkhazia, and „10‟ means you know a lot about current events in Abkhazia.


|___|___| NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


45. [SHOW CARD 45] Which of the following is your main source of information about

current events in Abkhazia?

21


Georgian TV 1

Georgian radio 2

Georgian newspapers and magazines 3

Abkhaz TV 4

Abkhaz radio 5

Russian TV 6

Russian radio 7

Russian newspapers and magazines 8

Internet 9

Ministry of Refugees and Accommodation 10

NGOs 11

Friends or relatives living in Abkhazia 12

Friends or relatives that visit Abkhazia 13

My personal visits to Abkhazia 14

(Don‟t know) -1


46. [SHOW CARD 46] Using this card, please tell me how much you trust the

information about currents events in Abkhazia that you receive from this source.


|___| NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


47. [SHOW CARD 45] Which of the following is your second main source of

information about current events in Abkhazia?


22

Georgian TV 1

Georgian radio 2

Georgian newspapers and magazines 3

Abkhaz TV 4

Abkhaz radio 5

Russian TV 6

Russian radio 7

Russian newspapers and magazines

8

Internet 9

Ministry of Refugees and Accommodation 10

NGOs 11

Friends or relatives living in Abkhazia 12

Friends or relatives that visit Abkhazia 13

Personal visits to Abkhazia 14

(Don‟t know) -1


48. [SHOW CARD 46] Using this card, please tell me, how much do you trust the

information about currents events in Abkhazia that you receive from this source?


|___|___| NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


23

5. RETURN

Now I would like to ask you questions about the possibility of your return to Abkhazia.

49. Would you say that the ability to regularly visit Abkhazia is… [READ OUT]

[INTERVIEWER!. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER.]

Very important 1

Somewhat important 2

Or not important? 3 GO

TO 51 (Don‟t know) -1


50. What would be reasons for you to visit Abkhazia if you cannot return there

permanently? Please name up to three reasons.

[INTERVIEWER! DO NOT READ OUT. CORRESPOND. WRITE CODE „1‟ FOR

THE OPTIONS NAMED BY THE RESPONDENT AND CODE „0‟ FOR THE REST.

ACCEPT UP TO THREE ANSWERS.]

(Don‟t know) -1


1. Trade

2. Visiting / maintaining dwelling

3. Visiting friends / family

4. Visiting graves / cemetery

5. Looking after cattle

6. Harvest / cultivating land

7. Attending a special occasion such as wedding or funeral

8. Other


51. Would you consider returning to Abkhazia permanently, if…

24

[INTERVIEWER! READ OUT. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

Yes No

(Don‟t

know)

(Refuse

to

answer)

1. Abkhazia reintegrates with

Georgia. 1 0 -1 -2

2

Abkhazia maintains its

current status as an entity

not recognized by most of

the world.

1 0 -1 -2

3

Abkhazia becomes an

independent country

recognized by most of the

world, but not Georgia.

1 0 -1 -2

4

Abkhazia becomes an

independent country

recognized by most of the

world, including Georgia.

1 0 -1 -2

5 Abkhazia is integrated into

the Russian Federation. 1 0 -1 -2

52. Would you think about returning permanently to Abkhazia if it is outside of

Georgia‟s control?

Yes 1

No 0 GO TO 54

(Don‟t know) -1


53. [SHOW CARD 53] Using this CARD, please tell me how important each of these

conditions is in considering your return to Abkhazia permanently if it is outside

Georgia‟s control.

25

[INTERVIEWER! READ THE CONDITIONS FROM THE TABLE BELOW LINE


This

condit

ion w

ill

not

infl

uen

ce

my d

ecis

ion t

o r

eturn

This

condit

ion w

ould

be

nic

e to

hav

e, b

ut

is n

ot

cruci

al

This

condit

ion i

s es

senti

al

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

answ

er)

1 I will maintain Georgian

citizenship. 1 2 3 -1 -2

2

I will have full local rights,

such as voting in Abkhaz

elections and serving in the

Abkhaz parliament.

1 2 3 -1 -2

3 I will be able to travel freely

between Abkhazia and

Georgia.

1 2 3 -1 -2

4 I will be able to regain my

real estate. 1 2 3 -1 -2

5 I will be able to earn as much

money as I currently earn, or

more.

1 2 3 -1 -2

6 Children will be able to study

in Georgian-language

schools.

1 2 3 -1 -2

7

The local authorities will

protect the returned

Georgians and ensure there is

no discrimination against

them.

1 2 3 -1 -2

8 Russian troops will withdraw

from Abkhazia. 1 2 3 -1 -2

9

Western peacekeepers will

protect the returned

Georgians and ensure there is

no discrimination.

1 2 3 -1 -2

10 IDPs will return in significant

numbers. 1 2 3 -1 -2

11 I will be able to attend

Georgian Orthodox church

services in Abkhazia.

1 2 3 -1 -2

26

12 IDPs returning to Abkhazia

will not be considered traitors

by the Georgian population.

1 2 3 -1 -2

54. When do you think Abkhazia will be reintegrated with Georgia proper?


ANSWER.]

Within the next 5 years 1

In 6–10 years time 2



In more than 50 years 5

Never 6

(Don‟t know) -1


55. In your opinion, have the prospects of Abkhazia becoming an integral part of

Georgia proper increased, stayed the same or decreased since the August 2008

conflict?


Increased 1

Stayed the same 2

Decreased 3

(Don‟t know) -1


27

6. CONFLICT RESOLUTION

People have been affected by the conflict in different ways. We would like to know more

about IDPs‟ experiences and perceptions of the conflict in 1992-1993. We know that these

are difficult questions but we sincerely appreciate your answers. We want to remind you

that all information you provide will be used in an anonymous and confidential manner.

56. Is any of the following true?

[INTERVIEWER! READ THE OPTIONS LINE BY LINE. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER

IN EACH ROW.]

Yes No

(Don‟t

know)

(Refuse

to

answer)

1 I was involved in the fighting

in the Georgian-Abkhaz

conflict in 1992-1993

1 0 -1 -2

2

Members of my family2 were

involved in the fighting in the

Georgian-Abkhaz conflict in

1992-1993

1 0 -1 -2

57. [SHOW CARD 57] In your understanding, which of the following was the major

reason for the start of the war in Abkhazia in 1992?


Political elites vying for power 1

Age-old ethnic hostility between Georgian and

Abkhaz people 2

External provocation 3

Nationalistic politics of the Georgian government at

that time 4

A Soviet legacy of privileging minorities 5

None of the above / Other 6

(Don‟t know) -1


58. In your opinion, which role did [READ OUT] play in the outbreak of the war in

1992? Did [READ OUT] play a major role, a minor role or no role?

2 Considered respondent‟s family as it was back in 1992-1993 years.

28

[INTERVIEWER! READ OUT THE INSTITUTIONS FROM THE TABLE BELOW

LINE BY LINE. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

No role Minor

role

Major

role

(Don‟t

know)

(Refuse

to

answer)

1. Georgian

government in Tbilisi 1 2 3 -1 -2

2 Government of the

Autonomous Republic of

Abkhazia in Sokhumi

1 2 3 -1 -2

3 Russian government in

Moscow 1 2 3 -1 -2

4 Western governments 1 2 3 -1 -2

5 Abkhaz irregular armed

forces acting on their own

initiative

1 2 3 -1 -2

6 Georgian irregular armed

forces acting on their own

initiative

1 2 3 -1 -2

7 Irregular armed forces from

Russia acting on their own

initiative

1 2 3 -1 -2

8 Ordinary Abkhaz people

living in Abkhazia 1 2 3 -1 -2

9 Ordinary Georgian people

living in Abkhazia 1 2 3 -1 -2

10 Ordinary Georgian people

living outside Abkhazia 1 2 3 -1 -2

59. Before the August 2008 conflict, did you believe that the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict

could be resolved by force, could be resolved by force as a last resort or could not be

resolved by force?

[INTERVIEWER! ACCEPT ONLY ONE ANSWER.]

I believed the conflict could be resolved

by force 1

I believed the conflict could be resolved

by force as a last resort 2

I did not think the conflict could be

resolved by force 3



60. How has your belief in that the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict can be resolved by force

changed since the August 2008 conflict? Did it [READ OUT]

29


Increase a lot, 1

Increase somewhat, 2

Stay the same, 3

Decrease somewhat, 4

or Decrease a lot? 5

(Don‟t know) -1


61. And today, do you believe that the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict can be resolved by

force, can be resolved by force as a last resort or cannot be resolved by force?


I believe the conflict can be resolved by

force 1

I believe the conflict can be resolved by

force as a last resort 2

I do not think the conflict can be resolved

by force 3

(Don‟t know) -1


62. [SHOW CARD 62] Using this CARD where „1‟ means “Strongly disagree,” and „7‟

means “Strongly agree,” how would you evaluate the following statements?



Com

ple

tely

dis

ag

ree

Com

ple

tely

agre

e

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

an

swer

)

1

Abkhaz people and

Georgian people can

live together peacefully

in a single state

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

2

Personal contacts

between Georgian

people and Abkhaz

people are conducive to

conflict resolution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

3 To resolve the conflict,

both parties need to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

30

acknowledge their

mistakes

4

Abkhaz and Georgian

governments of that

time period share

responsibility in the

outbreak of hostilities

in 1992

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

5

If the Georgian

government had

properly addressed the

need to protect Abkhaz

culture in the early

„90s, there would have

been no war

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

6

The conflict today is not

between Georgian and

Abkhaz parties, but

between the Russian

and Western

governments

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

7

The conflict today is not

between Georgian and

Abkhaz parties, but

between the Georgian

and Russian

governments

1 2 3

4

5

6

7

-1 -2

8 The Abkhaz people are

willing to be part of

Georgia

1 2 3

4 5

6

7 -1 -2

9 The Abkhaz people are

willing to be part of

Russia

1 2 3

4

5

6

7 -1 -2

10 Georgia cannot exist

without Abkhazia 1 2 3

4

5 6 7 -1 -2

11 Abkhazia cannot exist

without Georgia 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 -1 -2

12 Abkhazia cannot exist

without Russia 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

13 Georgia cannot exist

without the European

Union

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 -1 -2

63. In the next two years, would you support or not support any of the following actions

that the Georgian government could take in order to find a solution to the conflict?

[INTERVIEWER! READ OUT THE SCENARIOS FROM THE TABLE BELOW

LINE BY LINE. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

31

Yes No

(Don‟t

know)

(Refuse

to

answer)

1 Sign a non-use of force

agreement with Abkhazia 1 0 -1 -2

2 Sign a non-use of force

agreement with Russia 1 0 -1 -2

3 Recognize the independence

of Abkhazia 1 0 -1 -2

4

Officially apologize to the

Abkhaz people for any

wrongdoing by the Georgian

government

1 0 -1 -2

5 Give civil society a greater

role in activities contributing

to reconciliation

1 0 -1 -2

6

Support activities to establish

the fate of missing persons on

both sides of the conflict, e.g.

collect information on burial

sites

1 0 -1 -2

7 Start a military intervention

in Abkhazia 1 0 -1 -2

8 Commence negotiations with

Russia about Abkhazia‟s

status

1 0 -1 -2

9

Commence negotiations with

the de facto Abkhaz

authorities about Abkhazia‟s

status

1 0 -1 -2

64. [SHOW CARD 64] In the event that the Georgian government commences direct

negotiations with the de-facto Abkhaz authorities, which of the following issues

would you like to be discussed first?


RESPONDENT, AND CODE „0‟ FOR THE REST. ACCEPT UP TO TWO

ANSWERS.]

32

(The Georgian government should not commence direct

negotiations with the de-facto Abkhaz authorities) -7

(Don‟t know) -1


1. Security along the boundary line

2. Development of trade between the Georgian and Abkhaz

people

3. Unrestricted travel of all Georgians to Abkhazia

4. Political status of Abkhazia

5. Return of IDPs to Abkhazia

6. Other

33

7. JUSTICE

Some people say that we need to deal with past injustices so that we can create a better

future. Others say we should leave the past alone in order to improve the chances of

conflict resolution. We now want to hear how you think the past should be dealt with.

Again, some of these questions are difficult but we would be grateful if you could share

your views with us. When we talk about conflict here, we mean specifically the Georgian-

Abkhaz conflict in 1992-1993.

65. [SHOW CARD 65] Please tell me, with which one of the following statements do you

agree with?

[INTERVIEWER! AFTER THE RESPONDENT CHOOSES THE STATEMENT,

ASK: “Do you agree with this statement or do you agree with this statement very

strongly?” ACCEPT ONE ANSWER.]

Statement 1: In order to resolve the conflict,

we should leave injustices that happened in

the past alone.

Statement 2: In order to resolve the conflict,

we should address injustices that happened

in the past.

Agree very strongly

with Statement 1 Agree with Statement 1 Agree with Statement 2

Agree very strongly

with Statement 2

1 2 3 4

[DO NOT READ] Agree with neither 5

(Don‟t know) -1


66. [SHOW CARD 66] Now let us assume that we have decided to address injustices

that happened in the past. Which of the statements on this CARD do you agree with

most?


Alleged war crimes should be investigated and all

suspected perpetrators should be prosecuted 1

Alleged war crimes should be investigated, but only

high-ranking officials should be prosecuted 2

Alleged war crimes should be investigated, but no one

should be prosecuted. 3

Alleged war crimes should not be investigated and no

one should be prosecuted. 4

(Don‟t know) -1


67. [SHOW CARD 67] Apart from the legal mechanisms that can be employed to deal

with injustices, there are also non-punitive approaches. To what extent would you

34

support the following non-punitive approaches to justice? Please use this CARD and

rate them on a scale from 1 to 10, where „1‟ means “Do not support at all,” and „10‟

means “Fully support”.

[INTERVIEWER! READ THE STATEMENTS FROM THE LIST ONE BY ONE.

ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

Code from

the show

card

(Don‟t

know)

(Refuse

to

answer)

1 A civil society–led process of

investigating and

documenting past injustices.

|____|____| -1 -2

2

Giving victims and/or

perpetrators the opportunity

to participate in an official

process of acknowledging

past injustices.

|____|____| -1 -2

3 Financial reparation to

compensate victims or their

families.

|____|____| -1 -2

4 Symbolic gestures that

acknowledge the other side‟s

losses.

|____|____| -1 -2

5 Publication in the media of

personal stories related to

war-time experience.

|____|____| -1 -2

68. In your opinion, who if anyone should be primarily responsible for financial

reparation to the Georgian victims of the conflict?


ANSWER.]

The Georgian government 1

The de-facto Abkhaz authorities 2

The Russian government 3

International organizations, like the EU or UN 4

Western governments 5

Other 6

Does not matter 7

Everyone 8

There should be no financial reparation 9

(Don‟t know) -1


35

69. [SHOWCARD 69] Using this CARD, please tell me how important the following

factors are to you in feeling that past injustices have been addressed.



Not

at

all

imp

ort

an

t

Som

ewh

at

un

imp

ort

an

t

Nei

ther

un

imp

ort

an

t n

or

imp

ort

an

t

Som

ewh

at

imp

ort

an

t

Ver

y i

mp

ort

an

t

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

answ

er)

1.

Official apology by

the de facto Abkhaz

authorities for

injustices

committed against

IDPs

1 2 3

4

5 -1 -2

2

Financial

compensation to

IDPs for damaged

and destroyed

property

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

3

Prosecution of

persons accused of

war crimes against

IDPs

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

4

Documentation of

past abuses

committed against

Georgians

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

5 Full reintegration

of Abkhazia into

Georgia

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

6 Possibility of free

right to return for

IDPs

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

70. [SHOW CARD 69] Using this CARD, how important do you think the following

factors are to the Abkhaz people in feeling that past injustices have been addressed?

36

[INTERVIEWER! READ THE LIST OF STATEMENTS FROM THE TABLE

BELOW LINE BY LINE. ACCEPT ONE ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

Not

at

all

imp

ort

an

t

Som

ewh

at

un

imp

ort

an

t

Nei

ther

un

imp

ort

an

t n

or

imp

ort

an

t

Som

ewh

at

imp

ort

an

t

Ver

y i

mp

ort

an

t

(Don‟t

know

)

(Ref

use

to

answ

er)

1

Official

apology by the

Georgian

authorities for

injustices

committed

against the

Abkhaz people

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

2

Financial

compensation

for damaged

and destroyed

property

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

3

Prosecution of

persons on the

Georgian side

accused of war

crimes against

Abkhaz people

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

4

Documentation

of past abuses

committed

against the

Abkhaz people

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

5

Independence

of Abkhazia

recognized by

Georgia

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

6

Settlement of

property rights

issues for the

Abkhaz

displaced by

war

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

8. GENERAL ATTITUDE QUESTIONS

37

We have only a few questions left.

71. [SHOW CARD 71] I will now read out a list of social institutions and political

unions. Please assess your trust towards each of them on a 5-point scale, where „1‟

means “Fully distrust” and „5‟ means ”Fully trust”.

[INTERVIEWER! READ OUT THE INSTITUTIONS LINE BY LINE. ACCEPT ONE

ANSWER IN EACH ROW.]

Fully

distrust

Rather

distrust

Neither

trust

nor

distrust

Rather

trust

Fully

trust

(Don‟t

know)

(Refuse

to

answer)

1 Army 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

2 Banks 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

3 Teachers 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

4 Doctors 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

5 Judges 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

6 NGOs 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

7 Parliament of Georgia 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

8 Executive government

(Prime minister and

ministers) of Georgia

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

9 President of Georgia 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

10 Police 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

11 Journalists 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

12 Religious institutions

you belong to 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

13 European Union 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

14 United Nations 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

15

The Ministry of

Refugees and

Accommodation of

Georgia

1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

16 The Abkhaz

authorities-in-exile 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

38

17 Local governments /

Municipalities 1 2 3 4 5 -1 -2

72. [SHOW CARD 72] If there were presidential elections tomorrow, how likely is it

that you would vote? Please use this scale, where „1‟ means “Not at all likely” and

„10‟ means “Very likely”.


|___|___| NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


73. [SHOW CARD 73] Regarding your life in general, how much control do you feel

you have over what happens in your life? Please use this scale, where „1‟ means “No

control at all” and „10‟ means “Complete control”.


|___|___| NUMBER

(Don‟t know) -1


T2. Interview end time: |___|___| |___|___|

Hour Minutes

[INTERVIEWER! USE THE 24-HOUR FORMAT.]

THANK YOU!

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