Causes of the Revolution

Chapter 4 Sections 2,3 & 4

Why It’s Important

• The “Spirit of Independence” evident during the Revolution still plays a major role in shaping society we live in.– - Americans still exercise their right to protest

laws they view as unfair.– - Citizens have the right to present their views

freely.

Essential Questions

1. How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment change the way colonists thought about the world?

2. What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian War?

3. What rights did colonists have, or not have, in the 13 colonies?

4. Why did colonists declare independence from Britain?5. What impact did significant battles have on the

Revolution?6. What role did France, Spain, women, and African

Americans play in the war?

FRENCH ANDINDIAN WAR

POPULATION EXPLOSION AND EXPERIENCES

OF COLONIAL SELF-RULE

GREAT AWAKENING

RESTRICTIVE LAWS

PASSEDBY BRITISH

ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS

MERCANTILISM

CAUSES OF AMERICAN

INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

MERCANTILISMDEFINED AS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM PRACTICED DURING THE 18TH

CENTURY BY EUROPEAN NATIONS.

BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT THERE WAS A LIMITED AMOUNT OF WEALTH IN THE WORLD. AS A NATION’S TRADE GROWS, ITS GOLD RESERVES INCREASE AND THE NATION BECOMES MORE POWERFUL. ENGLAND HAD TO EXP0RT MORE GOODS THAN IT IMPORTED.

GREAT BRITAIN, FOR EXAMPLE, WOULD PURCHASE RAW MATERIALS FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES AT A LOW PRICE DETERMINED BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THEN THE COLONIES WERE REQUIRED TO PURCHASE THE FINISHED GOODS MANUFACTURED IN BRITAIN AT HIGH PRICES ALSO SET BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES WERE ONLY ALLOWED TO TRADE WITHIN THE BRITISH EMPIRE.

PARLIAMENT PASSED THE NAVIGATION ACTS WHICH DIRECTED THE FLOW OF GOODS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND THE COLONIES. PREVENTED COLONISTS FROM SENDING CERTAIN PRODUCTS, SUCH AS SUGAR OR TOBACCO, OUTSIDE OF ENGLAND’S EMPIRE.

THIS SYSTEM LED TO BITTERNESS ON THE PART OF THE COLONISTS WHO HAD VERY LITTLE INPUT IN THEIR ECONOMIC POLICIES. COLONISTS BEGAN SMUGGLING, IGNORING THE NAVIGATION ACTS.

COLONIAL TRADE ROUTES

3 TYPES OF COLONIES

CHARTER COLONIES

PROPRIETARY COLONIES

ROYAL

COLONIES

1. CONNECTICUT

2. RHODE ISLAND

1. DELAWARE

2. MARYLAND

3. PENNSYLVANIA

1. GEORGIA

2. MASSACHUSETTS

3. NEW HAMPSHIRE

4. NEW JERSEY

5. NEW YORK

6. NORTH CAROLINA

7. SOUTH CAROLINA

8. VIRGINIA

THE ENLIGHTENMENT INFLUENCED THE COLONISTS

PHILOSOPHICAL MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT EUROPE IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES – IDEA THAT SOCIETY COULD BE IMPROVED THROUGH KNOWLEDGE, REASON, & SCIENCE

EMPHASIS ON REASON AS THE MOST IMPORTANT HUMAN ABILITY – ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES

JOHN LOCKE ARGUED THAT PEOPLE POSSESSED NATURAL RIGHTS SUCH AS LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY. HE BELIEVED THE PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT WAS TO PROTECT THOSE RIGHTS.

BARON dE MONTESQUIEU ARGUED AGAINST ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

COLONIAL LEADERS BELIEVED THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT VIOLATED THESE IDEALS AND DISCUSSED STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE OPPRESSION OF KING GEORGE III

LOCKE

MONTESQUIEU

THE GREAT AWAKENING

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT THE COLONIES IN THE EARLY 1700s. IT WAS BASED ON REVIVALISM WHICH STRESSED INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE RATHER THAN NEEDING CHURCH LEADERS TO CONNECT WITH GOD

CONTRIBUTED TO A SENSE OF EQUALITY SINCE ALL PEOPLE WERE QUALIFIED TO TAKE AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THE CHURCH

IT IS WIDELY BELIEVED THAT THIS WAS A MAJOR FACTOR WHICH LED TO THE SENSE OF FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE UNDERLYING THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

LEAD TO A RENEWED SENSE OF FAITH

NEW CHURCHES WERE FORMED

JONATHON EDWARDS

GEORGE WHITEFIELD

INFLUENTIAL MINISTERS

WOMEN’S CONTRIBUTION

INSIDE THE HOME OUTSIDE THE HOME

•MAKING CLOTHES

•TENDING LIVESTOCK

•WORKING IN THE FIELDS

•COOKS

•MAIDS

•NURSES

•TEACHERS

•SHOPKEEPERS

EDUCATION IN THE COLONIES

NEW ENGLAND• Children were

taught at home by their parents

• First school was established in 1647 in Massachusetts

• Harvard was first college

MIDDLE COLONIES

• Children taught at home or in private schools

• Some children became an apprentice at age 13 to a master craftsman

SOUTHERN COLONIES

• Tutors taught children on plantations

• Parents taught children at home in backcountry

NEW ENGLAND• Children were

taught at home by their parents

• First school was established in 1647 in Massachusetts

• Harvard was first college

POPULATION EXPLOSION AND COLONIAL SELF-RULE

THE COLONIAL POPULATION INCREASED AT AN EXTREMELY FAST PACE AFTER 1700

NEW ARRIVALS MADE UP OF: INDENTURED SERVANTS FROM EUROPE, SLAVES FROM AFRICA, AND BIRTHS FROM COLONISTS

CLEAN DRINKING WATER, PLENTY OF FOOD, AND GOOD CLIMATE WERE MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE SPIKE IN BIRTHS BETWEEN 1680-1776

MOST COLONIES HAD SOME FORM OF AN ELECTED LEGISLATURE WHICH FOSTERED A DESIRE TO SELF-RULE (TOWN MEETINGS OR ASSEMBLIES)

Review

• What was mercantilism?• How did colonists feel about this idea?• Why did England pass the Navigation Acts?• What was the Great Awakening? • How did it affect colonists?• What was the Enlightenment?• How did it affect colonists?• What contributions did women make inside the

home?• Outside the home?

POD

List 3 causes of the Revolutionary War that we

discussed last week.

Causes of the Revolution

Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4

FRENCH ANDINDIAN WAR

POPULATION EXPLOSION AND EXPERIENCES

OF COLONIAL SELF-RULE

GREAT AWAKENING

RESTRICTIVE LAWS

PASSEDBY BRITISH

ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS

MERCANTILISM

CAUSES OF AMERICAN

INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT

Why It’s Important

• The “Spirit of Independence” evident during the Revolution still plays a major role in shaping society we live in.– - Americans still exercise their right to protest

laws they view as unfair.– - Citizens have the right to present their views

freely.

Essential Questions

1. How did the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment change the way colonists thought about the world?

2. What were the causes and effects of the French and Indian War?

3. What rights did colonists have, or not have, in the 13 colonies?

4. Why did colonists declare independence from Britain?5. What impact did significant battles have on the

Revolution?6. What role did France, Spain, women, and African

Americans play in the war?

Relationship with Native Americans

Alliances (unions)

British French

1. Interested in pushing Native Americans off of their lands.

2. Intolerant of Native American ways.

3. Traded with Iroquois nations.

4. Iroquois nations gave British certain trading rights.

5. Iroquois nations (Iroquois Confederacy) became British allies

1. Traded furs with Native Americans

2. Respected Native Americans

3. Native Americans raided British settlements to help French

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754-1763

FOR OVER 100 YEARS THE FRENCH AND BRITISH HAD STRUGGLED FOR CONTROL OF NORTH AMERICA

BOTH FRANCE AND ENGLAND WANTED TO EXPAND THEIR TERRITORY WEST OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS INTO THE OHIO VALLEY

NATIVE AMERICANS IN THE AREA PLAYED THE COLONIAL POWERS OFF OF EACH OTHER AND TOOK SIDES WHEN THEY FELT IT WOULD BENEFIT THEIR GOAL OF HALTING FURTHER ENCROACHMENT ON THEIR LAND

FRANCE TOOK THE EARLY LEAD, HOWEVER THE BRITISH EVENTUALLY DEFEATED THE FRENCH IN A WAR THAT WAS FOUGHT IN THE OHIO VALLEY, MONTREAL, INDIA, THE PHILIPPINES, AND THE WEST INDIES FRENCH

POWDER HORN WITH

RIVERS ENGRAVED

ON IT

Importance of Ohio Valley

British• Competed for fur

trade• Colonists wanted to

move west

French• Competed for fur

trade• The Ohio valley lay

between French settlements and Canada

What countries claimed land in North America?

Where is the disputed land?

Land Claims in North AmericaCountry Land Claims in North

America 1754Land Claims in North

America after Treaty of Paris 1763

Britain 13 Colonies and the Ohio Valley

France New France, (which was north and west of 13 colonies), Louisiana, and the Ohio Valley

Spain New Spain, Present-day Florida, and Caribbean Islands

Events leading to Conflict in North America

British and French fur traders clash in French controlled Ohio.

France attacks British-controlled Nova Scotia

Native Americans side with French, but the Iroquois side with British

Washington’s militia clashes with French in Ohio

Conflict in North America

Albany Plan of Union

• June 1754 – representatives from New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland met to discuss the threat of war.

• They wanted to find a way for the colonies to defend themselves against the French.

• Adopted Benjamin Franklin’s plan calling for:– One central government– An elected legislature would govern the colonies,

collect taxes, raise troops, and regulate trade.* Not one colonial assembly approved the plan. None

were willing to give up any of their power.

6. What three nations were involved in the Seven Years’ War? (pg. 123)

Britain, France, and Prussia

A war in which Britain, Prussia and Hanover fought Austria, France, Russia, Saxony, Sweden and Spain. Britain became the main European power after this war. French Canada was captured by the British in this war.

William Pitt

• Secretary of State and then Prime Minister

• 7. How did William Pitt help the British in their war against France? (pg. 123,124)

• Pitt chose skilled commanders and agreed for Britain to pay for all his supplies

In what direction did British troops advance after their victory at Quebec?Why would Ft. Duquesne be a valuable fort to control?

8. What did Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris? (pg. 124)Canada, all French lands east of the Mississippi River, and Florida

Land Claims in North AmericaCountry Land Claims in North America

1754Land Claims in North

America after Treaty of Paris 1763

Britain 13 Colonies and the Ohio Valley 13 colonies, Ohio Valley, Florida, all French lands east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans

France New France, (which was north and west of 13 colonies), Louisiana, and the Ohio Valley

No land

Spain New Spain, Present-day Florida, and the Caribbean Islands

New Spain, the Caribbean Islands, and the Louisiana Territory

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

This law was intended to keep peace in American This law was intended to keep peace in American colonies. colonies. It stated that colonists could not settle west of It stated that colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian mountains.the Appalachian mountains. The colonist ignored the law The colonist ignored the law and moved west anyway.and moved west anyway. Speculators (investors)Speculators (investors) had had already bought land west of the mountains and they were already bought land west of the mountains and they were furious that Britain ignored their claims.furious that Britain ignored their claims.

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR FUELED THE DESIRE FOR INDEPENDENCE

COLONISTS UNIFIED FOR THE FIRST TIME BEHIND THE BRITISH TO DEFEAT THE FRENCH. THIS LED TO A SENSE OF PRIDE AND UNITY NOT EXPERIENCED PRIOR TO THE CONFLICT.

THE COLONISTS DID NOT FEEL THE SAME NEED TO REMAIN TIED TO THE BRITISH AFTER THE WAR AS THE “FRENCH THREAT” WAS REMOVED.

THE BRITISH IMPOSED MANY TAXES ON THE COLONISTS TO PAY FOR THE WAR EFFORT WITHOUT ANY COLONIAL INPUT OR REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENT.

THE BRITISH RESTRICTED FURTHER WESTERN SETTLEMENT WITH THE PROCLAMATION LINE OF 1763. THE COLONISTS FELT ENTITLED TO THE LANDS GAINED DURING THE WAR THEY HAD HELPED WIN.

Review• List events leading to the Revolutionary War.• What was the Great Awakening?• Who were two important preachers during the Great

Awakening?• What was the Enlightenment?• Why were the French and British fighting for control of

the Ohio Valley?• Who did the Native Americans side with during the

French and Indian War?• What was the Treaty of Paris?• What lands did Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris?

French? Spanish?• What was the Proclamation of 1763?• How did colonists respond to the Proclamation?