cb during flicker (rensink, o’regan & clark, 1997; 2000)

CB during flicker (Rensink, O’Regan & Clark, 1997; 2000)

CB during Blinks (O’Regan, Deubel & Clark & Rensink, 2000)

• Flicker– Rensink, O’Regan & Clark,1997; 1999

• Eye saccades– Currie, McConkie, Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin, 1995;

McConkie & Currie, 1996• Blinks– O’Regan, Deubel, Clark, Rensink, 1999

• Film cuts, real life– Levin & Simons, 1997

• “Mudsplashes”– O’Regan, Rensink & Clark (Nature, 1999)

Change Blindness

CB during Mudsplashes (O’Regan, Rensink & Clark, 1999)

detailed internalrepresentation

sparse ???

Why do we think we see “everything”?

• Immediate availability at flick of eye/attention• The “world as an outside memory”(O’Regan, 1992)• refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas)• visual “solipsism”

• vividness through transients

Why we think we see everything

• Refrigerator light analogy (N. Thomas)– seeing is having access

Yarbus,1978

de “voir”

l’illusion de

Visual solipsism

Visual solipsism

Simons & Chabris, 2000

QuickTime™ et un décompresseurCinepak sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

Haines, 1991. Ames Res. Center, NASA

Prob

abili

ty o

f Cha

nge

Det

ectio

nO’Regan, Deubel, Clark & Rensink, 2000

Central

Marginal

“Post-attentive vision”J. M. Wolfe, N. Klempen, and K. Dahlen (in press)

Repeated Search

80 ms 80 ms 80 ms

mask 30 ms mask

30 ms

Visual search has no memory

T. Horowitz & J.M. Wolfe (Nature, 1998)

“Inattentional Blindness” A. Mack & I. Rock (1998)

Normal trials

Critical trial

time

1.5 s 200 ms

Visual Transients

• Attract attention to change location

• Impression of continuous presence

motion

orientation

color

xxxx

yyyy

MODULES

INFORMATION AVAILABLE:

Ron

Bag

Hotel

FootTable

x

y

z

w

r

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select

Ron

Soda

Foot


INFORMATION ENCODED:

Ron

Bag

Hotel

FootTable

x

y

z

w

r

Soda

BAGCODED?

Bag

motion

orientation

color

xxxx

yyyy

TRANSIENTS IN MODULES....


BAG DISAPPEARS!

RonHotel

FootTable

x

y

z

w

r

Soda

Ron

Soda

Footcompare

AFTERCHANGE


(previously stored)

RonHotel

FootTable

x

y

z

w

r

Soda

Bag

Detecting changes normally

• transient indicates location and ‘flavour’ of change.

• if object previously coded: • transient indicates change location• comparison can be made

• if object not coded• ‘flavor’ can be used to guess at change

Ron

Soda

Footcompare

FLICKER


(previously stored)

RonHotel

FootTable

x

y

z

w

r

Soda

Bag

Detecting changes when there are global transients

• if object coded: slow search for change location

• if object not coded: no hope.

Using a global transient

• Flicker– Rensink, O’Regan & Clark,1997; 1999

• Eye saccades– Currie, McConkie, Carlson-Radvansky & Irwin,

1995; McConkie & Currie, 1996• Blinks– O’Regan, Deubel, Clark, Rensink, 1999

• Film cuts– Levin & Simons, 1997

D. Simons & D. Levin

QuickTime™ et un décompresseurSorenson Video sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

Using distracting local transients

• “Mudsplashes”– O’Regan, Rensink & Clark (Nature, 1999)

Ron

Pepsi

Footcompare

MUDSPLASH


(previously stored)

RonHotel

FootTable

x

y

z

w

r

Soda

Bag

• Principle: render transients inoperative

– Drowned by global transient: flicker, saccade, blink,

film cut

– Diversion by local transient (mudsplash)

– No transient: slow change (R. Chabrier)

Change blindness experiments

Chabrier & O’Regan, submitted

QuickTime™ et un décompresseurGIF sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

QuickTime™ et un décompresseurCinepak sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

Chabrier & O’Regan, submitted

Recent sources on CB

• Vis Cog 2000, 1/2/3 (Ed. Dan Simons)

• Fleeting Memories (Ed. V. Colthert) MIT Press, 1999

• http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~viscog/change/

Recent issues on CB

• implicit memory, unconscious recall• layout

• cognitive description

• CB in dynamic scenes

• iconic memory, masking

QuickTime™ et un décompresseurGIF sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

cb during flicker (rensink, o’regan & clark, 1997; 2000)

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