総務省 - chapter 5...according to the “survey of research and develop-ment”, japan’s total...

1. Economic size of the ICT industry(1) Domestic production value • ICT industry’s production value was 99.1 trillion yen, making it the

largest industryThe ICT industry’s nominal domestic production val-

ue in 2018 was 99.1 trillion yen, accounting for 9.8 per-cent of all industries and making it the largest industry in the country (Figure 5-1-1-1). It had reached 116.6 tril-lion yen in 2000, however, its production value cooled off for several years in response to the collapse of the IT

bubble. The industry started growing again and reached 113.8 trillion yen in 2007, but its production value plum-meted to 98.9 trillion yen in 2009 due to the 2008-9 global financial crisis. Even after 2010, it continued to slide, dropping to 89.9 trillion yen in 2012. However, since 2013 signs of recovery finally started to appear. (Figure 5-1-1-2).

In 2018 the ICT industry’s real domestic production value based on constant 2011 values was 101.4 trillion

Section 1　ICT Industry Trends

Figure 5-1-1-1 Domestic production values of major industries (based on nominal and real) (breakdown) (2018)

(Source) “Study on Economic Analysis of ICT,” MIC (2020)

【Nominal domestic production】【Real domestic production】

ICT industry99.19.8%

Commerce93.59.2%

Real estate75.07.4%

Medical, health and welfare

71.57.1%

Construction66.06.5%

Business services

64.36.3%

Transportation equipment

59.35.8%

Personal services

51.85.1%

Other industries

433.242.7%

Nominal domestic

production value of all industries

(2018)1,013.5 trillion


Commerce92.59.4%

Real estate75.97.7%

Medical, health and welfare

66.86.8%


Business services

61.06.2%


59.7 6.1%

Personal services

49.25.0%

Other industries

416.742.4%

Real domestic

production value of all industries

(2018) 982.6 trillion

yen

(Unit: trillion yen) (Unit: trillion yen, 2011 values)

Figure 5-1-1-2 Changes in domestic production values of major industries (based on nominal and real)


【Nominal domestic production】【Real domestic production】

Medical, health and welfareCommerce Real estateBusiness services

ConstructionICT industryTransportation equipment Personal services

116.6

99.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

（trillion yen）

（year）（year）

87.0

101.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

（trillion yen, 2011 values）

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Chap

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Basic Data on the ICT Field

yen and accounted for 10.3% of all industries. In contrast to the nominal values, it has increased since 2000 and reached 102.7 trillion yen in 2007. It decreased to 91.3 trillion yen in 2012, but signs of recovery could be seen from 2013 (Figure 5-1-1-2).

(2) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) • The nominal GDP of the ICT industry in 2018 was 44.2 trillion yen and

accounted for 8.7 percent of all industriesThe nominal GDP of the ICT industry rose in 2018 by

0.7 percent year-on-year to 44.2 trillion yen. Looking at the size of nominal GDP of the main industries shows that the ICT industry’s nominal GDP accounts for 8.7 percent of the combined nominal GDPs of all industries and is the third largest after the commerce and real es-tate industries. Real GDP according to constant 2011 values accounted for 9.7% of the real GDP of all indus-tries (Figure 5-1-1-3).

Looking at the growth rate in 2017-2018, ICT industry rose by 1.5% year-on-year, and is the third highest after the transportation equipment (5.9%) and business ser-vices (2.1%) industries (Figure5-1-1-4).

Similar to the nominal domestic production value, the

nominal GDP of the ICT-related manufacturing and ICT-related construction industries has been decreasing. On the other hand, the Internet-related services industry has grown rapidly.

(3) Employment • ICT industry employment totaled 4.045 million in 2018 and accounted

for 5.7 percent of total employment in all industries, which is a 14.7% decrease from 2000The ICT industry employed 4.045 million people in

2018 (up by 1.6 percent from the previous year), and ac-counted for 5.7 percent of total employment in all indus-tries. Compared with 2017, Internet-related services (up by 6.5 percent from the previous year), communications (up by 4.5 percent from the previous year), and ICT-re-lated services (up by 4.4 percent from the previous year) were steadily growing. However, video, audio and text information production (down by 2.8 percent from the previous year), information services (down by 0.6 per-cent from the previous year) decreased (Figure 5-1-1-5).

Figure 5-1-1-3 GDP of major industries (based on nominal and real)


【Nominal GDP】【Real GDP】


Commerce61.4

12.1%

Real estate59.4

11.7%

Medical, health

and welfare43.08.5%


Business services42.18.3%


11.92.3%

Personal services

28.35.6%

Other industries

188.337.1%

Nominal GDP of all industries

(2018)508.2 trillion

yen


Commerce61.3

12.6%

Real estate61.1

12.6%

Medical, health

and welfare37.57.7%


Business services39.38.1%


11.32.3%

Personal services

27.35.6%

Other industries

173.935.8%

Real GDP of all industries

(2018)485.6 trillion

yen

(Unit: trillion yen) (Unit: trillion yen, 2011 values)

Figure 5-1-1-4 Changes in GDP of major industries (based on nominal and real)


【Nominal GDP】【Real GDP】

53.4

44.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

(trillion yen） (trillion yen, 2011 values）

30.6

47.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018（year）（year）

Medical, health and welfareCommerce Real estateBusiness services

ConstructionICT industryTransportation equipment Personal services

45

Chap

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2. ICT industry contributions to the national economy(1) ICT industry’s economic spillover effects • The scale of economic spillover effects caused by the ICT industry is

one of the largest in all industries in terms of induced added valueWhen different industries make intermediate inputs

to the production activities of the ICT industry, this gen-erates added value (e.g. operating surplus and employee compensation) and employment in those industries. The economic spillover effects1 of the ICT industry were es-

timated to be 85.2 trillion yen in induced added value, and 8.59 million in induced employment. ICT industry shows the largest economic spillover effect in terms of induced added value, and also shows higher inducement in jobs than the transportation equipment industry (2.944 million jobs), which is recognized as one of broad industries (Figure 5-1-2-1).

3. Exports and imports in the ICT field(1) Technology balance of payments • The ICT industry posted a surplus in technology exports2�in FY 2018

The receipts from Japan’s technology exports in FY

2018 totaled 3.8711 trillion yen, to which the ICT indus-try contributed 514.7 billion yen, or 13.3 percent. On the other hand, the payments from technology imports was

1 There are two methods of calculating economic spillover effects: (1) calculating the economic spillover effects for all Japan’s industries brought about by each industry sector’s final demand, focusing on the goods and services that constitute the industry sector’s final demand and (2) calculating the economic spillover effects for all Japan’s industries brought about by each industry sector’s production activities (total of final demand and intermediate demand), focusing on the industry sector itself. The latter method was used here.

2 The value of technology trade is the equivalent value received from the provision (export) of patents, knowledge, technical direction, and other forms of technology transfers to other countries or the equivalent value paid the reception (import) of the same forms of technology transfers from other countries.

Figure 5-1-1-5 Changes in employment in the ICT industry


ICT-related manufacturingVideo, audio and text information productionBroadcasting

Internet-related servicesICT-related services

Communications Information services

ICT-related construction Research

4.7434.531

4.194 4.139 4.164 4.156 4.201 4.187 4.203 4.118 4.010 3.949 3.903 4.021 3.978 3.952 3.985 3.979 4.045

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

（millions of jobs）

（year）

Figure 5-1-2-1 Changes in economic spillover effects (induced added value and induced employment) from major industries’ production activities


73.880.2

81.4 80.983.0 83.1 84.7 85.2

2000 2005 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018（year）0

20

40

60

80

100

120(trillion yen）

02468

1012141618(millions）

（year）

ICT industry Commerce Real estateConstruction

Medical, health care and welfarePersonal serviceBusiness service Transportation equipment

【Induced added value】【Induced employment】

2000 2005 2011 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

9.9259.140 8.634

8.253 8.2998.398 8.383 8.590

46

Chap

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591.0 billion yen, of which 2.56 billion yen came out of the ICT industry, or 43.3 percent. While the balance of payments, together with the ICT industry, posted export surplus, in the breakdown, the information and commu-nications posted import surplus. ICT equipment and ap-

pliance manufacturing sector accounted for the largest share of the ICT industry’s technology exports, while information and communications sector accounted for the largest of share of imports (Figure 5-1-3-1).

4. Research and development in the ICT field(1) Research and development spending • The ICT industry3 spent 3.9056 trillion yen on research in FY 2018,

accounting for 27.4 percent of all enterprise research expenditureAccording to the “Survey of Research and Develop-

ment”, Japan’s total scientific and technological research expenditure (i.e., research spending) in FY 2018 stood at 19.526 trillion yen (the combined research spending by enterprises, nonprofit organizations, public agencies,

universities, etc.).Enterprise research expenditure, which accounts for

about 70 percent of all research expenditure, was 14.2316 trillion yen. Of this amount, 3.9056 trillion yen (27.4 percent) was spent on research by the ICT indus-try. The information and communication electronics equipment sector was the largest research spender in the ICT industry (Figure 5-1-4-1).

3 ICT industry here refers to the ICT equipment and appliance manufacturing segment, the electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing segment, the electronic component, device, and circuitry manufacturing segment, and the information and communications segment (including information services, communications, broadcasting, Internet-related services, and other ICT sectors).

Figure 5-1-3-1 Technology exports and imports by industry (FY 2018)

(Source) Prepared from the “Survey of Research and Development,” MIC

Information and communication electronics equipment

265.1　6.8%Electrical machinery

equipment and supplies 191.2　4.9%

Electronic parts, devices and electronic circuits

45.7　1.2%

Information and communications

12.6　0.3%

Total for other manufacturing industries

3320.7　85.8%

Total for other industries

35.7　0.9%

Value of technology exports（all industries:3.8711 trillion yen）

Information and communication

electronics equipment

83.3　14.1%Electrical machinery

equipment and supplies34.4　5.8%

Electronic parts, devices and

electronic circuits11.3　1.9%

Information and communications126.9　21.5%

Total for other manufacturing industries

305.8　51.7%

Total for other industries

29.2　4.9%

Value of technology imports（all industries：591.0 billion yen）(Unit: billion yen)(Unit: billion yen)

Figure 5-1-4-1 Breakdown of corporate research expenditure by main industries (FY 2018)



electronics equipment1.18638.3% Electrical machinery

equipment and supplies 1.26608.9%

Electronic parts, devices and electronic circuits

0.85236.0%

Communications0.27331.9%

Information services0.31372.2%

Internet-related and other ICT services

0.01330.1%

Broadcasting 0.0007

0.0%

Total for other mannufacturing

industries9.010563.3%

Total for other industries1.31559.2%

(Unit: billion yen)(corporate research spending ：14.2316 trillion yen)

47

Chap

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(2) Number of researchers • The ICT industry employed 175,681 researchers, or 34.8 percent of all

enterprise researchers in JapanThere were 874,821 researchers in Japan as of March

31, 2019 (the total of all researchers at enterprises, non-profit organizations, public agencies, universities, etc.).

175,681 people (34.8 percent of all enterprise research-ers) out of 504,746 enterprise researchers (about 58 per-cent of all researchers) are in the ICT industry. The in-formation and communication electronics equipment sector had the most researchers of any ICT industry sector (Figure 5-1-4-2).

5. State of ICT enterprise operationsThe Basic Survey on the Information and Communi-

cations Industry is a general statistical survey (started in 2010) that MIC and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry jointly conduct under the Statistics Act (Law No. 53 of 2007) to clarify the operations of enter-

prises belonging to the ICT industry - a Large Category G in the Japan Standard Industry Classification - and to obtain basic data for ICT industry policies. The follow-ing sections provide an overview of the 2019 survey that pertains to enterprises operations.

Figure 5-1-4-2 Enterprise researchers by industry (as of March 31, 2019)



electronics equipment66,91713.3% Electrical machinery

equipment and supplies 39,820　7.9%

Electronic parts, devices and electronic circuits41,924　8.3%

Information services20,479　4.1%Communications 5,215　1.0%Internet-related and other ICT services 1,295　0.3%Broadcasting 31　0.0%

Total for other manufacturing

industries262,86952.1%

Total for other industries66,19613.1%

(unit:people)（corporate researchers in all industries：504,746）

Figure 5-1-5-1 ICT industry sales

(Notes) * 1 Figures in parentheses are the number of companies. * 2 "Miscellaneous ICT businesses" refers to enterprises that selected "other" as the primary business

in the breakdown for sales attributable to ICT business operations.(Source) "2019 Basic Survey on the Information and Communications Industry," MIC / METI

Telecommunications (378)

17.649834.6%

Software (2,969)15.529630.4%

Data processing and information services (1,935)

7.341114.4%Internet-related

services (712)3.52726.9%

Private broadcasting (377)

2.35924.6%

Newspaper publishers (134)

1.32272.6%

Publishers, except newspapers (357)

0.95181.9%

Video picture information production and distribution (456)

0.90471.8%

Cable television broadcasting (214)

0.51661.0%

Commercial art and graphic

design (205)0.39090.8%

Sound information production(111)

0.14320.3%

Services incidential to video information, sound information,

character information production and distribution (223)

0.20720.4%

Miscellaneous ICT businesses

0.19370.4%

Sales in the ICT industriesFY 2018

51.0377 trillion yen

(Unit: trillion yen)

48

Chap

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(1) Summary of enterprises engaging in ICT business operations (activity-base results)

a. General summary of the survey results • 5,819 enterprises were engaged in ICT business operations with sales

in excess of 50 trillion yenSales attributed to ICT business operations in FY 2018

totaled 51.0377 trillion yen (total sales by all enterprises were 68.9456 trillion yen). By sector, the telecommuni-cations sector accounted for 34.6 percent of all sales (down by 0.6 percentage points from the previous year), the software sector 30.4 percent (down by 0.7 percent-age points from the previous year) (Figure 5-1-5-1).

The number of enterprises engaging in ICT business operations (irrespective of whether ICT business opera-tions are the enterprise’s mainstay operations) stood at 5,819. Operating profits were 6.3912 trillion yen, ordi-nary income was 7.0256 trillion yen, and the enterprises

held 10,582 subsidiaries and associated companies.

b. Breakdown of sales • Enterprises capitalized at less than 100 million yen accounted for more

than 60 percent of all enterprises in 8 out of 12 ICT industry sectorsA breakdown of ICT industry enterprises by capital

size reveals that enterprises capitalized at less than 100 million yen accounted for more than 60 percent of all enterprises in 8 out of 12 ICT industry sectors. Of par-ticular note are the sectors in video picture information production and distribution, sound information produc-tion, commercial art and graphic design and services incidental to video information, sound information, char-acter information production and distribution where en-terprises capitalized at less than 50 million yen account-ed for more than 40 percent of all enterprises in each respective sector (Figure 5-1-5-2).

6. Telecommunication market trends(1) Market size • Mobile communications’ sales is increasing year by year in the

telecommunications sector, while, by service category, the data transmission services accounted for more than 50 percent of shareSales in the telecommunications sector in FY 2018

(Figure 5-1-6-1) were 13.9032 trillion yen (a decrease of 0.9 percent from the previous year). Fixed line commu-nications accounted for 30.1 percent, and mobile com-munications for 55.3 percent, of all sales in FY 2018 (Fig-ure 5-1-6-2). Looking at sales by service category shows

Figure 5-1-5-2 Breakdown of ICT industry enterprises by capital size

(Source) “2019 Basic Survey on the Information and Communications Industry,” MIC / METI

Less than 50 million yen 50 million yen to less than 100 million yen 100 million yen to less than 300 milion yen300 million yen to less than 500 million yen 500 million yen to less than 1 billion yen 1 billion yen to less than 5 billion yen5 billion yen to less than 10 billion yen 10 billion yen or more

30.9 15.9

25.5 15.9

32.0 27.9

18.0 46.9

49.5 34.3

36.7 48.3

40.4 56.6

30.9 20.4

18.0 14.5

34.2 32.8

28.5 22.4

25.2 27.6

36.7 30.7

34.5 21.7

18.4 19.3

20.4 15.9

18.1 20.3

21.5 13.2

16.2 23.1

14.6 9.8

17.0 8.5

8.6 18.5

15.1 24.8

7.1 8.4

12.4 8.6

4.5 9.0

6.7 7.3

4.5 7.9

3.2 4.8

4.5 5.1

2.6 3.6

5.2 1.8

1.8 3.0 1.7

2.4 0.4

0.8

5.8 13.8

13.5 19.2

4.1 4.9

9.7 6.1

1.8 3.0

2.8 1.0

2.2 4.2

0.9 2.4

1.9 1.9

0.6 0.9

2.5 0.7

--

0.3

-

0.4 -

1.4 5.0

1.1 2.8

1.3 1.2

2.2 0.4 0.9 -

0.6 0.5

0.4

0.3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Total (5,819)

Telecommunications (378)

Private broadcasting (377)

Cable television broadcasting (214)

Software (2,969)Data processing and

information services (1,935)Internet-related sevices (712)

Video picture information production and distribution (456)

Sound information production (111)

Newspaper publishers (134)

Publishers, except newspapers (357)Commercial art and graphic design (205)Services incidential to video information, sound information, character information

production and distribution (223)(Reproduced) TV/radio program

production work (378)（％）

Figure 5-1-6-1 Changes in telecommunications sector sales

(Note) Comparisons must be made with caution, as sales represent a simple sum of figures from all responding carriers and the number of responding carriers differs from year to year.

(Source) Prepared from “Basic Survey on the Information and Communications Industry,” MIC / METI

（FY）

13.6904 14.0342 14.1862 14.0238 13.9032

0

2.0000

4.0000

6.0000

8.0000

10.0000

12.0000

14.0000

16.0000

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

（trillion yen）

49

Chap

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that voice transmission services accounted for 29.7 per-cent and data transmission services for 55.7 percent (Figure 5-1-6-3). The average revenue per user (ARPU)

among the main mobile communication service provid-ers was 4,740 yen for NTT Docomo, 7,760 yen for KDDI, and 4,420 yen for SoftBank (Figure 5-1-6-4).

7. Broadcasting market trends(1) Size of the broadcasting marketa. Broadcaster sales • Broadcaster sales totaled 3.9418 trillion yen in FY 2018

Japanese broadcasters are divided into two catego-ries: Japan Broadcasting Corp., a public broadcaster known as NHK, which depends on receiving fee reve-nues, and private broadcasters that depend on advertise-ments or paid programming. Aside from these two cate-gories, the Open University of Japan also provides broadcasting services for educational purposes.

Sales for the entire broadcasting sector, including rev-enues from broadcasting and non-broadcasting opera-tions, increased from FY 2017 to 3.9418 trillion yen (up by 0.2 percent from the previous year) in FY 2018.

By category, terrestrial-based private broadcasters’ sales were 2.3396 trillion yen (down by 0.3 percent from the previous year), satellite-based private broadcasters’ sales were 361.9 billion yen (down by 2.1 percent from the previous year), and cable TV broadcasters’ sales were 503.0 billion yen (up by 0.8 percent from the previ-

Figure 5-1-6-4 Changes in mobile ARPU in the past five years for three domestic mobile operators

(Notes)* 1 Each company’s ARPU is calculated and published based on each respective company’s data. The figures were not calculated using the same method.* 2 The ARPU for KDDI is taken from the ARPA (Average Revenue Per Account) of each year. The figure for FY 2014 has been revised from ARPU to ARPA.* 3 The figures for NTT Docomo and Softbank in FY2014 were revised to unify the conditions and values for FY 2015-2017.* 4 The figures in FY2018 for NTT Docomo and Softbank have changed in terms of presentation, so comparisons must be made with caution.

(Source) Prepared from the financial statements of each company

1,210 1,250 1,370

2,960 3,180 3,310 5,690 5,830 5,910

4,150 3,950 3,800

440510 590

540 550 5604,170

4,4304,680

4,800

4,800

4,740

4,740

6,130 6,3406,500

7,430

7,430

7,760

7,760

4,700 4,500 4,350

4,360

4,360

4,420

4,420

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19ＮＴＴDocomo KDDI（au） SoftBank

8,000(yen per month)

Voice ARPU + Data ARPUVoice ARPU

Other ARPUData ARPU

Figure 5-1-6-2 Changes in telecom carriers’ sales broken down by fixed-line communications and mobile communications

(Note) Calculating excluding sales breakdown "Unknown".(Source) Prepared from "Basic Survey on the Information and

Communications Industry," MIC / METI

Fixed line communicationsMobile communicationsOther

40.1 38.7 32.9 31.4 32.4 30.1

49.0 48.6 55.8 51.4 52.2 55.3

10.9 12.7 11.3 17.1 15.4 14.6

0102030405060708090

100

2007 2010 2013 2016 2017 2018

（％）

（FY）

Figure 5-1-6-3 Changes in telecom carriers’ sales break-down by voice transmission and data transmission

(Note) Calculating excluding sales breakdown "Unknown".(Source) Prepared from "Basic Survey on the Information and

Communications Industry," MIC / METI

59.545.8

33.8 26.1 27.6 29.7

29.541.5

54.956.8 56.9 55.7

10.9 12.7 11.3 17.1 15.4 14.6

0102030405060708090

100

2007 2010 2013 2016 2017 2018

（％）

（FY）

Voice transmissionData transmissionOther

50

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8. Content market trends(1) Size of Japan’s content market • The Japanese content market was valued at 11.8558 trillion yen, nearly

60 percent of which was attributable to video content, about 35 percent to text-based content, and about 6 percent to audio-based contentThe Japanese content market was valued at 11.8558

trillion yen in 2018. By content segment, video content accounted for nearly 60 percent of the market, text-based content, 35 percent, and audio-based content, 6 percent4 (Figure 5-1-8-1).

The overall size of the content market has been in-creasing since 2014. The size of each content segment stayed flat until 2012, however, after 2013 the video con-tent segment expanded while the text-based content

segment contracted (Figure 5-1-8-2).

(2) Trends in the online content market • The market for online content, which is consumed via the Internet on

computers and mobile phones, was 3.998 trillion yen, accounting for 33.7 percent of the entire content marketWithin the overall content market, the market for on-

line content, which is consumed via the Internet on com-puters and mobile phones, reached 3.998 trillion yen. By content segment, the video content segment accounted for 62.8 percent of the online content market, the text-based content segment accounted for 27.9 percent, and the audio-based content segment had 9.2 percent (Fig-

ous year). NHK’s ordinary operating income was 737.3 billion yen (up by 2.7 percent from the previous year).

In terms of market share, terrestrial-based private

broadcasters accounted for 73.0 percent (±0) of private broadcasters’ sales (Figure 5-1-7-1).

4 The market size was measured and analyzed not by media types, but by assessing the primary nature of the content works and recalculating the value at each distribution level, such as primary distribution or multi-use.

Figure 5-1-7-1 Changes in and breakdown of the broadcasting sector market size (total sales)

Satellite-basedbroadcasters※1

NHK※3Terrestrial-basedbroadcasters

Cable TV broadcasters※2

40,422 41,178 39,689 38,254 39,089 39,115 38,915 39,307 38,759 39,152 39,312 39,337 39,418

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018（FY）

（100 million yen）

fiscal year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

privatebroadcaster

Terrestrial-basedbroadcasters 26,091 25,847 24,493 22,574 22,655 22,502 22,870 23,216 23,375 23,461 23,773 23,471 23,396

（Communitybroadcastersincludedintotalabove※4）

144 148 150 123 116 120 115 124 127 126 136 136 143

Satellite-basedbroadcasters※ 1 3,525 3,737 3,905 3,887 4,185 4,490 4,510 4,491 3,661 3,809 3,463 3,697 3,619

CableTVbroadcasters※ 2 4,050 4,746 4,667 5,134 5,437 5,177 4,931 5,030 4,975 5,003 5,031 4,992 5,030

NHK※3 6,756 6,848 6,624 6,659 6,812 6,946 6,604 6,570 6,748 6,879 7,045 7,177 7,373total 40,422 41,178 39,689 38,254 39,089 39,115 38,915 39,307 38,759 39,152 39,312 39,337 39,418

(Notes)* 1 Calculated from operating revenues of satellite-based broadcasting services.* 2 Cable TV broadcasters until FY 2010 were business enterprises providing independent broadcasting services with facilities licensed under the for-

mer licensing scheme under the former Act on Cable Television Broadcasting. (Note that facilities registered under the former Act on Broadcast on Telecommunications Services included those that use the same broadcasting method as facilities licensed under the former licensing scheme). From FY 2011 onwards, cable TV broadcasters were registered general broadcasting enterprises with wired telecommunication facilities providing independent broadcasting services (Both exclude business operators using IP multicasts).

* 3 Figures for NHK represent ordinary operating income.* 4 Community broadcasting operators that also provide cable TV broadcasting services are excluded.

(Source) Prepared from MIC materials and NHK financial statements for each fiscal year

51

Chap

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Figure 5-1-8-1 Breakdown of Japan’s content market (2018)

(Source) “Survey on the Production and Distribution of Media Content,” Institute for Information and Communications Policy, MIC

video content segment6.9693 trillion yen

58.8%Audio-base contentsegment

0.7571 trillion yen6.4%

Text-based contentsegment

4.1291 trillion yen34.8%

Movies787.36.6% Videos

444.53.7%

Terrestrial TV programs2,826.123.8%

Satellite and cable TV broadcast programs

891.07.5%

Game software1,641.313.8%

Original Internet videos379.33.2%

Music570.34.8%

Radio programs179.31.5%

Original Internet audio-based content

7.50.1%

Newspaper articles1,480.9

12.5%

Comics422.13.6%

Magazines926.27.1%

Books825.17.0%

Database information218.71.8%

(Unit: billion yen) Original Internet content339.62.9%

total content market

11.8558 trillion yen

Figure 5-1-8-2 Changes in Japan’s content market size (by content segment)

(Source) “Survey on the Production and Distribution of Media Content,” Institute for Information and Communica-tions Policy, MIC

6.2 6.3 6.5

0.8 0.7 0.8

4.5 4.5 4.4

11.5 11.5 11.7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12（trillion yen）

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018（year）

Video content segmentAudio-based content segmentText-based content segment

6.8

0.8

4.3

11.8

7.0

0.8

4.1

11.9

Figure 5-1-8-3 Breakdown of the online content market (2018)

(Source) “Survey on the Production and Distribution of Media Content,” Institute for Information and Communica-tions Policy, MIC

Video-based content segment2.5125 trillion yen

62.8%

Audio-based content segment0.3682 trillion yen

9.2%

Text-based content segment1.1173 trillion yen

27.9%Game software

1,372.234.3%

Original Internet videos379.39.5%Videos

260.66.5%

Movies293.27.3%

Satellite and cable TV broadcast programs

106.12.7%

Terrestrial TVprograms

101.02.6%

Music353.18.8%

Other audio-based content

15.10.4%

Original Internet content339.68.5%

Books225.75.6%

Database information

177.54.4%

Newspaper articles190.54.8%

Other text-based content184.14.6%

Total online content market

3.9980 trillion yen

(Unit: billion yen)

52

Chap

ter 5

ure 5-1-8-3).The online content market has been growing steadily

since 2014. The market size by content segment shows that the video content segment has been driving the ex-pansion of the online content market (Figure 5-1-8-4).

(3) Trends in the broadcast content market • The export value of Japanese broadcast content was 51.94 billion yen in FY 2018

The export value of Japanese broadcast content in FY 2018 was 51.94 billion yen (Figure 5-1-8-5). Looking at the composition of the export value of Japanese broad-cast content, the total of program broadcast rights, Inter-net distribution rights, and merchandising rights ac-count for more than 90 percent. Especially, export value of Internet distribution rights and program format/re-make rights have shown significant growth. The export value of program broadcast rights includes cases in which program broadcast rights and Internet distribu-tion rights are sold as a set, so Internet distribution has a high impact on the overall exports. Looking at the ex-

port value of Japanese broadcast content by entity, the combined total of “NHK”, “main commercial broadcast stations” and “production, etc.” covers over 90 percent. When the comparison is limited to just the export value of program selling rights, then the ratio of broadcasting entities become higher.

• Anime accounts for over 80 percent of the export value for the program category, this is followed by drama programs and variety shows. Asia accounts for nearly 50 percent of exports, followed by North America and EuropeLooking at the broadcast content export value by pro-

gram category finds that anime accounts for 80 percent of the total, this is followed by drama programs and vari-ety shows (Figure 5-1-8-6). The largest export market for broadcast content was Asia, with over 50 percent, fol-lowed by North America, Europe. This shows that Japa-nese broadcast contents are exported across the world, particularly to Asia. When the comparison is limited to just the export value of program selling rights, the ratio to Asia is much higher (Figure 5-1-8-7).

Figure 5-1-8-6 Breakdown of Export value of Japanese broadcast content by program category

(Notes)* 1 Figures for FY 2015 and later have been calculated by excluding unidentified figures.* 2 Figures for FY 2017 includes the values provided by the Japan Foundation project.

(Source) Prepared from "Survey on the State of Overseas Expansion of Broadcast Content" MIC

0102030405060708090

100（%）

0102030405060708090

100（%）

AnimeDrama programsVariety showsSportsDocumentariesOther

AnimeDrama programsVariety showsSportsDocumentariesOther

Among the total export value of broadcast content

（FY）

Among program selling rights(until FY2015, program broadcast rights)

（FY）2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 201862.2 64.3 76.6 77.115.6 17.0 10.0 10.213.3 11.4 10.8 9.71.8 0.9 0.9 0.61.9 1.7 0.8 0.65.3 4.7 0.9 1.7

82.98.16.30.60.21.9

81.16.66.60.50.35.0

2013 2014 2015 201747.2 54.5 59.2 83.718.8 18.2 16.8 8.915.1 13.6 18.3 6.13.3 1.6 2.5 1.04.1 3.4 2.5 0.211.4 8.8 0.7 0.1

82.68.75.70.80.51.7

201684.28.85.30.80.30.5

Figure 5-1-8-4 Changes in the online content market size (by content segment)

(Source) “Survey on the Production and Distribution of Media Content,” Institute for Information and Communications Policy, MIC

2.3

0.3

1.1

3.73.7

2.5

0.4

1.1

4.04.0

Video content Audio-based contentText-based content

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

（trillion yen）

（year）

1.6 1.7 1.9

0.3 0.30.4

0.81.0

1.02.72.73.03.0

3.33.3

Figure 5-1-8-5 changes in Export value of Japanese broadcast content

(Notes)* 1 Export value of broadcast content: program broadcast rights, Inter-

net distribution rights, video and DVD rights, format and restaging rights, merchandising rights, and similar rights.

* 2 Calculated based on questionnaire responses from NHK, main com-mercial broadcast stations, producers, sub-main commercial broad-cast stations in Osaka, local stations and satellite broadcasting stations.

* 3 Calculations for FY 2016 and later include digital gaming rights.(Source) Prepared from "Survey on the State of Overseas Expansion

of Broadcast Content" MIC

13.7818.25

28.85

39.3544.45

51.94

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 20180

10

20

30

40

50

60（billion yen）

（FY）

53

Chap

ter 5

1. Internet usage trends(1) ICT device ownershipa. Major ICT device ownership (households) • Ownership rate of smartphones for households exceeds 80 percent for

the first timeThe ownership rate for ICT devices (households) in

2019 was 83.4 percent for “smartphones”, which is in-cluded in “mobile devices” (96.1 percent), and exceeds

80%.�That of “computers” is 69.1 percent. The rate for “fixed-line telephones” was 69.0 percent (Figure 5-2-1-1).

(2) Internet usagea. Internet usage rate (individuals) • Usage of the Internet via smartphones was nearly 90 percent

The Internet usage rate (individuals) in 2019 was 89.8

Section 2　ICT Service Usage Trends

Figure 5-1-8-7 Breakdown of Export Value of Japanese broadcast content industry by region

(Notes)* 1 Figures for FY 2015 and later have been calculated by excluding unidentified figures.* 2 Figures for FY 2017 includes the values provided by the Japan Foundation project.

(Source) Prepared from "Survey on the State of Overseas Expansion of Broadcast Content" MIC

0102030405060708090

100（%）

0102030405060708090

100（%）

AsiaNorth AmericaEuropeSouth and Central AmericaOther

Among the total export value of broadcast content

（FY）AsiaNorth AmericaEuropeSouth and Central AmericaOther

Among program selling rights(until FY2015, program broadcast rights)

（FY）2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 201852.0 58.5 56.4 58.725.1 24.2 27.6 27.218.6 13.3 12.0 8.0

2.4 2.8 2.5 1.6

1.9 1.2 1.5 4.6

56.427.08.2

2.2

6.1

50.530.211.0

2.6

5.7

2013 2014 2015 2016 201761.1 66.7 58.9 64.217.6 16.5 22.1 24.416.5 12.7 13.5 6.2

2.8 2.6 2.1 1.6

2.0 1.4 3.4 3.6

62.223.56.4

2.7

5.1

61.023.66.8

3.2

5.4

Figure 5-2-1-1 Changes in ownership rates for ICT devices (households)

(Source) “Communications Usage Trend Survey,” MIC

Fixed-line telephones 91.2 85.8 83.8 79.3 79.1 75.7 75.6 72.2 70.6FAX 57.1 43.8 45.0 41.5 46.4 41.8 42.0 38.1 35.3Mobile devices (overall) 96.3 93.2 94.5 94.5 94.8 94.6 95.8 94.7 94.8Smartphones 9.7 29.3 49.5 62.6 64.2 72.0 71.8 75.1Computers 87.2 83.4 77.4 75.8 81.7 78.0 76.8 73.0 72.5Tablets 7.2

－

－

69.033.196.183.469.137.44.7

25.2

10.8

3.6

－－－－－8.5 15.3 21.9 26.3 33.3 34.4 36.4

Wearable devices 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.9

25.9 23.3 24.5 29.5 38.3 33.0 33.7 31.4 31.4

27.3 17.0 20.1 21.4 23.8 18.4 17.3 15.3 13.8

7.6 3.5 6.2 12.7 8.8 7.6 8.1 9.0 2.1

64.534.095.779.274.040.12.5

30.9

14.2

6.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100（％）

2009（n＝4,547）

2010（n＝22,271）

2011（n＝16,530）

2012（n＝20,418）

2013（n＝15,599）

2014（n＝16,529）

2015（n＝14,765）

2016（n＝17,040）

2017（n＝16,117）

2018（n=16,255）

2019（n=15,410）

（year）

Ow

ners

hip

rate

Other Internet enabled a p p l i a n c e s ( s m a r t appliances)

Internet-enabled portable music players

Internet-enabled home game consoles

54

Chap

ter 5

percent (Figure 5-2-1-2). Looking at the Internet usage rate by devices, “smartphones” (63.3 percent) exceeded “computers” (50.4 percent) by 12.9 points (Figure 5-2-1-3).

b. Purpose for using the Internet • “Sending and receiving email” was the most common purpose for

using the InternetWhile among all age groups, the most common pur-

pose for using the Internet was “sending and receiving email”, the number of users varies by age groups for “us-ing video posting / sharing sites” and “using online games” (Figure 5-2-1-4).

(3) Challenges for secure Internet usagea. Concerns about Internet usage and issues with usage of ICT networks • Individuals are concerned about leaks of personal information, and

enterprises are concerned about computer-virus infections The percentage of individuals (aged 12 and older)

who feel concerned about their Internet usage is 75.0 percent including both respondents who said they “feel concerned” and respondents who said that they “feel

rather concerned” (Figure 5-2-1-5). Among more specif-ic concerns that they had about using the Internet, 88.4 percent cited “leak of personal information and Internet use history”. This was followed, in descending order, by “computer virus infections” (62.6 percent) and “concern about fraudulent emails or fraud over the Internet” (51.9 percent). “Concern about the reliability of electronic payment methods” (43.3 percent) increased by 5.5 per-centage points over the previous year (Figure 5-2-1-6).

b. Information security measures • Almost 70 percent of households and almost all enterprises have

implemented some form of information security protective measuresLooking at the state of information security protective

measures taken by individuals that use the Internet shows that the leading security measures were “Updat-ed a software” (57.2 percent) and “Installed an anti-virus software” (55.9 percent) (Figure5-2-1-7).

Looking at the state of information security measures implemented by enterprises that use an ICT network, it shows that 97.8 percent of enterprises have implement-ed some form of security. The leading security measure

Figure 5-2-1-3 Device used for Internet by category

(Note)Figures indicate the percentage of people who accessed the Internet using the corresponding device during the past twelve months.

(Source) "Communications Usage Trend Survey," MIC

63.3

50.4

23.2

13.5

12.0

10.5

0.8

59.5

48.2

20.8

6.5

9.7

8.8

1.4

0 20 40 60

Smartphones

Computers

Tablets

Internet-enabled televisions

Internet-enabled home game consoles

Mobile phones and PHS handsets (excluding smartphones)

Other

80（％）

2019（n=37,182）2018（ n=40,664）

Figure 5-2-1-2 Changes in the Internet usage rate


78.0 78.2 79.1 79.582.8 82.8 83.0 83.5 80.9 79.8

89.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019（year）

（％）

55

Chap

ter 5

Figure 5-2-1-6 Types of concerns about using the Internet (multiple responses accepted)


2018（n=3,091）2019（n=22,164）

2.3

0 20 40 60 80 100Leak of personal information and

Internet use history

Computer virus infections

Spam

Security measures

Concern about he reliability ofelectronic payment means

Viewing of illegal andharmful information

Concern about trouble withcommunication on social medea, etc.

Internet addict

Other

Concern about fraudent email orfraud using the Internet

（％）

88.484.6

62.665.7

44.143.343.3

37.820.921.1

13.011.612.111.2

2.4

46.847.9

51.948.3

Figure 5-2-1-4 Applications / purpose for using the Internet by age group (multiple answers)


0

20

40

60

80

100（％）

Usin

g on

line

gam

es

Info

rmat

ion

retri

eval

Usin

g vi

deo

post

ing

/ sh

arin

gsit

es

Usin

g fre

e ca

lling

app

s fro

mvo

ice

chat

site

s

Usin

g so

cial

net

wor

king

serv

ices

Send

ing

and

rece

ivin

g em

ail

Ope

ning

, upd

atin

g an

d vi

ewin

gof

, and

pos

ting

on w

ebsit

esan

d bl

ogsit

es

Usin

g e-

gove

rnm

ent a

nde-

loca

l gov

ernm

ent s

ervi

ces

Inte

rnet

auc

tions

, buy

ing/

exch

angi

ng th

roug

h fre

em

arke

t app

licat

ion

Fina

ncia

l tra

nsac

tions

Buyi

ng/e

xcha

ngin

g di

gita

lco

nten

t

Buyi

ng/e

xcha

ngin

g go

ods

and

serv

ices

(exc

ludi

ng d

igita

lco

nten

t pur

chas

es a

nd fi

nanc

ial

trans

actio

ns)

Usin

g e-

lear

ning

total 13 ～ 19 (n=1,936) 20 ～ 29 (n=2,654) 30 ～ 39 (n=3,616)40 ～ 49 (n=4,750) 50 ～ 59 (n=4,873) 60 or older (n=7,564)

Figure 5-2-1-5 Responses of individuals regarding concerns about using the Internet


（％）

2019（n＝29,851）

Feel Concerned34.5

Feel rather concerned40.5

Feel rather unconcerned

15.2

Feel not concerned

9.8

56

Chap

ter 5

was to “install anti-virus programs on PCs and other de-vices (operating system, software, etc.),” which 83.2 per-cent of enterprises have implemented. This was followed by the measure of “install anti-virus programs on serv-ers” (62.4 percent) (Figure 5-2-1-8).

(4) Trends of enterprises using cloud servicesa. Use of cloud services • The percentage of enterprises using cloud services was nearly 60

percent in 2019Looking at the state of cloud service usage in 2019,

64.7 percent of enterprises answered they had used cloud services either partially or extensively, which is a

significant rise of 6.0 percent from the previous year when it stood at 58.7 percent (Figure 5-2-1-9).

b. Effectiveness of cloud services • Many enterprises recognize cloud services as being effective

Among the enterprises that do use cloud services, 85.5 percent responded that they found it to be “very beneficial” or “somewhat beneficial” (Figure5-2-1-10).

c. Breakdown of cloud service usage • The most frequently used cloud service is “file storage and data sharing“

The most frequently used cloud service is “file stor-age and data sharing”, as cited by 56.0 percent of respon-

Figure 5-2-1-8 Implementation of information security measures by enterprises (multiple answers permitted)


2018（n=2,077）2019（n=2,092）

97.897.8

2.22.2

83.282.9

62.461.0

57.651.651.2

44.646.9

50.641.1

45.238.6

36.736.4

32.725.825.6

21.916.9

19.917.118.9

21.016.1

12.815.7

14.214.314.614.113.013.412.512.3

10.55.0

33.0

0 20 40 60 80 100Implemented some measures

Not implemented any particular measures

Install anti-virus programs on computers and other devices(operating system,

software, etc.)Install anti-virus programs on servers

Control access with IDs, passwords, etc.

Install and maintain firewalls

Training for employeesApply security patches for operating systems

Establish security policies

Maintain access logsConstruct anti-virus walls at external access pointsEncrypt data or networks

Security audits

Use proxy servers, etc.User authentication by means of

authentication technologiesLine monitoring

Install and maintain intrusion detection systems (IDS)

Establish manuals on respondingto viruses

Outsource security managementInstall and maintain

Web application firewallsOther measures

（%）

Figure 5-2-1-7 Implementation of information security measures by individuals (multiple answers permitted)


57.2

55.9

49.6

42.2

35.6

32.6

32.4

28.5

1.4

0 20 40 60

Updated a software

Installed an anti-virus software

Set a password on devices,etc.

Signed up to security servicesprovided by mobile operator etc.

Did not connect to the wireless LAN using unknow or unsecured source

Measures against spamChecked the terms of use andused only trusted applications

Did not input personal information

Other

（％）

2019（n=20,933）

57

Chap

ter 5

dents, this is followed, by “email” with 48.0 percent and “information sharing/portal” with 43.0 percent. Very advanced use of cloud services, such as utilizing it for “sales support” or “production management”, is still rather limited (Figure 5-2-1-11).

(5) Introduction and usage of IoT/AI systems and services by enterprises

a. Introduction of IoT/AI systems and services • Approximately 20 percent of enterprises have introduced, or are

planning to introduce, IoT/AI systems and services. Enterprises that have already introduced IoT/AI sys-

tems and services, for example, in order to collect and analyze digital data, accounted for 14.1 percent of all en-

terprises. We can see that if enterprises that are plan-ning to introduce these kinds of systems and services in the future are included, then this accounts for 20 percent of the total (Figure 5-2-1-12).

b. Purpose behind collecting and analyzing digital data • About 80 percent of enterprises collect and analyze digital data to

raise job performance and improve business processesLooking at the purpose for collecting and analyzing

digital data, the most frequent answer was “to raise job performance and improve business processes” with 83.5 percent, this was followed by “to improve customer ser-vices” (34.0 percent) and “for the optimization of proj-ects” (25.0 percent) (Figure 5-2-1-13).

Figure 5-2-1-9 Use of cloud services


36.1 28.6 10.4 17.9 6.9

29.4

24.4

22.8

27.5

22.5

21.7

13.4

14.5

15.0

22.1

29.3

30.0

7.6

9.3

10.4

0 20 40 60 80 100（％）

Used company wide Used by some offices or divisions Not used, but planning to use in the futureNot used and no plans to use in the future Do not understand cloud services

58.7

56.9

44.6

46.9

2017（n＝2,570）

2019（n＝2,115）

33.1 25.6 14.1 21.5 5.72018（n＝2,107）

2016（n＝2,071）

2015（n＝1,821）

64.7

number of enterprises

number of enterprises

(after weight adjustment)

State of cloud service usageUsed Not used

Do not understand

cloud services

N/AUsed company

wide

Used by some

offices or divisions

Not used, but planning to use in the future

Not used and no plans to

use in the future

All 2,122 2,122 1,369 764 605 600 220 379 147 7[Industryclassification]Construction 303 91 65 42 24 22 13 10 3 0Manufacture 359 566 351 186 165 172 64 108 40 3TransportationandPostalservices 341 194 107 50 58 71 26 45 16 0

WholesaleandRetail 305 453 315 203 111 109 43 66 29 -FinanceandInsurance 141 26 21 13 8 5 3 2 - -Realestate 132 31 25 14 10 5 2 3 1 0ICT 252 105 95 72 23 9 6 4 0 1Services,others 289 657 391 186 205 207 65 142 57 2

Figure 5-2-1-10 Impact of cloud computing services


Negative impact0.4％

Not very beneficial0.2％

Very beneficial33.6％

Somewhat beneficial51.9％

Do not know the impact

13.9％

2019（n＝1,319）

58

Chap

ter 5

Figure 5-2-1-13 Purpose behind collecting and analyzing digital data


10.2

9.0

12.9

23.9

43.2

73.8

8.4

15.9

13.9

25.0

34.0

83.5

0 20 40 60 80

Other

New business/management

Business continuity

For the optimization of projects

To improve customer services

To raise job performance and improving business

100（%）

2019（n＝291）2018（n＝254）

Figure 5-2-1-12 Current state of the introduction of IoT/AI systems and services


2019（n=2,111）

Introduced14.1%

Not introduced, but planning to

in the future9.8%

Not introduced65.4％

I don't know10.7%

Introduced of planning to in

the future23.9％

Figure 5-2-1-11 Breakdown of cloud service usage


56.0

48.0

43.0

37.3

35.7

31.4

18.4

15.4

12.5

11.4

11.2

10.2

9.6

8.1

5.7

5.5

1.9

7.9

53.1

52.2

40.5

38.4

31.9

29.3

16.7

12.6

14.3

9.2

7.0

9.0

8.4

8.4

6.3

6.4

2.1

6.8

0 20 40 60File storage and data sharing

Email

Information sharing/portal

Schedule sharing

Payment, financial accounting, HR

Data backups

Sales support

E-learning

Sharing information with business partners

System development and website construction

Orders and salesProduction management, distribution

management, store management

Billing and payment systems

Project management

Purchasing

Authentication systems

R&D related

Other

（%）

2018（n＝1,312）2019（n＝1,445）

10 30 50

59

Chap

ter 5

c. Impact of introducing IoT/AI systems and services • About 70 percent of enterprises recognized that there had been

positive impacts from IoT/AI systems and servicesLooking at the impact of IoT/AI systems and services,

enterprises that responded it had been “very beneficial” or “somewhat beneficial” totaled 79.8 percent of all en-terprises (Figure 5-2-1-14).

2. State of provision and usage of telecommunication services(1) State of provision of telecommunication services a. Overview(i) Subscriptions to voice communication services • Subscriptions to fixed communications are on a downward trend while

subscriptions to mobile communications and 0ABJ-IP phone services have steadily increased Subscriptions to fixed communications (including

NTT East and West subscription telephone services(including ISDN), non-NTT telephone servic-

es,5 and CATV telephone services but excluding 0ABJ-IP phone services) have been declining, while those for mobile communications (mobile phones, PHS and BWA) and 0ABJ-IP phone services have been growing steadily. Subscriptions to 050-IP phone services have been flat in recent years.

There were about 10.1 times more mobile communi-cations subscriptions than fixed communications sub-scriptions (Figure 5-2-2-1).

5 Non-NTT services are subscriber phone services provided by telecom carriers other than NTT East and West and cover direct subscriber telephone, ISDN services, new-type non-NTT telephone, and ISDN services.

Figure 5-2-1-14 Impact of introducing IoT/AI systems and services


Very beneficital

19.9%

Somwwhat beneficital59.9%

Not very beneficial

1.6%

Negative impact0.0% Do not know

the impact18.6%

2019（n=279）

"Very beneficial" or "Somewhat beneficial"

79.8％

Figure 5-2-2-1 Changes in subscriptions for voice communication services

(Notes)* 1 Subscriptions for mobile communications cover mobile phones, PHS services and BWA.* 2 Figures for mobile communications from FY 2013 onward are ’after adjusting for internal group transactions’. ’After adjusting for

internal group transactions’ refers to adjustments made to count 1 mobile phone device as 1 contract and not 2 contracts, so as not to diverge from the actual state, when an MNO receives mobile phone or BWA services as an MVNO from another MNO in the same group and provides these services together with its own services to 1 mobile phone device.

* 3 Figures of the past years are different from those in last year’s publication due to amendments by the target enterprises. (Source) Prepared from "Official Announcement of Quarterly Data on the Number of Telecommunications Service Subscriptions

and Market Share (FY2019 Q4 (End of March))," MIC

21.35

Fixed communications Mobile communications 0ABJ-IP phone services 050-IP phone services

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200（million subscriptions）

（FY）

116.30123.29

135.07146.44 149.19

156.33 161.75167.87 173.57

180.45

43.34 39.57 35.96

14.53 17.90 20.96

8.64 7.90 7.53

32.74 30.04

24.07 26.50

7.21 7.27

27.74

28.48

7.17

25.07

30.77

7.70

22.98

32.45

8.53

33.64

8.91

19.96

34.46

8.95

186.61

18.46

35.21

8.922009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

60

Chap

ter 5

(ii) Broadband usage • Subscriptions to mobile ultra-high-speed broadband services have

leaped dramatically year on yearThe number of subscriptions to fixed line broadband

services6 at the end of FY 2019 stood at 41.20 million (up by 2.4 percent from the previous year). Subscriptions to mobile ultra-high-speed broadband services was 152.62 million for 3.9G and 4G (LTE) services (up by 11.7 per-cent from the previous year), and 71.21 million for BWA services (up by 7.5 percent from the previous year) (Fig-ure 5-2-2-2). Trends for the net increase in the number of subscriptions to FTTH and DSL show that DSL contin-ues to decrease while FTTH continues to increase.

b. Mobile communications • Subscriptions to mobile communication services have risen each year.

The proportion of subscriptions to MVNO services across all mobile communication subscriptions also surgedSubscriptions to mobile communications7 (mobile

phones, PHS and BWA) at the end of FY 2019 totaled 186.61 million (up by 3.4 percent from the previous year). Net growth in comparison to the end of FY2018 was 6.16 million subscriptions, which demonstrates a continuing upward trend (Figure 5-2-2-3).

By carrier (Group), the market share for mobile com-munication subscriptions was 37.3 percent for NTT Do-como (down by 0.6 percentage points from the same month a year before), 27.6 percent for the KDDI Group

6 Figures for subscriptions to fixed-line broadband services cover FTTH, DSL, cable TV, and FWA services.7 Figures after adjusting for internal group transactions.

Figure 5-2-2-3 Changes in mobile communications subscriptions

(Notes)*1 ’After adjusting for internal group transactions’ refers to adjustments made to count 1 mobile phone device as 1 contract and not 2 contracts so as

not to diverge from reality, such as when an MNO receives mobile phone or BWA services as an MVNO from another MNO in the same group and provides these services together with its services in 1 mobile phone device.

*2 Figures of the past years are different from those in last year’s publication due to amendments by target enterprises.(Source) Prepared from "Official Announcement of Quarterly Data on the Number of Telecommunications Service Subscriptions and Market Share

(FY2019 Q4 (End of March))," MIC

Mobile phones / PHS / BWA (net total) Mobile phones / PHS / BWA Mobile phones

（million subscriptions）

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280254252249246

231215

196

177 185183182180174168162156 183

258

187

185181180178170163

157149

December 2019(3Q)

September 2019(2Q)

June 2019(1Q)

March 2019

March 2020(4Q)

March 2018

March 2017

March 2016

March 2015

Figure 5-2-2-2 Changes in broadband service subscriptions

(Note) Figures for past years are different from those in last year’s publication due to amendments by target enterprises. (Source) Prepared from "Official Announcement of Quarterly Data on the Number of Telecommunications Service Subscriptions and Market Share


0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45(million） (million）

FTTHDSLCATVFWA BWA LTE

【Fixed-line broadband services】【Mobile ultra-high-speed broadband services】

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

（end of FY）（end of FY）

7.4619.47

35.1447.89

58.2366.24

46.41

67.78

87.47

102.94

120.73

136.64

71.21

152.62

25.34 26.68 27.97 29.46 30.61 31.67

4.47 3.75 3.20 2.51 2.15 1.736.22 6.43 6.73 6.85 6.88 6.830.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.0036.04 36.86 37.91 38.82 39.64 40.24

33.09

1.406.71

41.20

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

61

Chap

ter 5

(up by 0.2 percentage points), and 21.8 percent for the SoftBank Group (down by 0.9 percentage points from the same month a year before) (Figure 5-2-2-4). By car-rier (Group), market share for MVNO services was 5.7 percent for NTT Docomo MVNO (up by 0.1 percentage points from the same month a year before), 3.8 percent for the KDDI Group MVNO (up by 0.4 percentage points from the same month a year before), and 3.7 per-

cent for the SoftBank Group MVNO (up by 0.8 percent-age points from the same month a year before).

Subscriptions for MVNO services8, out of subscrip-tions for mobile communications (mobile phones, PHS handsets, and BWA), continue to increase, and reached 24.65 million in FY 2019 (an increase of 14.7 percent)(Figure 5-2-2-5).

8 Figures after subtracting subscriptions to MVNOs that are MNOs.

Figure 5-2-2-4 Changes in market share for carriers in mobile communication subscriptions (after adjusting for internal group transactions)

(Note)KDDI Group market share includes KDDI, Okinawa Cellular, and UQ Communica-tions; Softbank Group market share includes Softbank, Y!Mobile, and Wireless City Planning.

(Source) Prepared from "Official Announcement of Quarterly Data on the Number of Telecommunications Service Subscriptions and Market Share


NTT Docomo NTT Docomo(MVNO) KDDI GroupKDDI Group(MVNO) SoftBank Group

Rakuten Mobile（December 2019 ～）SoftBank Group(MVNO)

0102030405060708090

100（%）

38.7 37.9 37.7 37.6 37.4

5.3 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7

27.6 27.4 27.6 27.7 27.8

2.8 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.7

23.1 22.8 22.5 22.2 21.9

2.4 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.5

37.3

5.7

27.6

3.821.83.7

March2018

March2019

March2020

（4Q）

June2019

（1Q）

September2019

（2Q）

December2019

（3Q）

Figure 5-2-2-5 Changes in subscriptions for MVNO services (excluding MVNOs that are MNO)

(Source) Prepared from “Official Announcement of Quarterly Data on the Number of Telecom-munications Service Subscriptions and Market Share (FY2019 Q4 (End of March)),” MIC

（million sbscriptions）

Mobile phones / PHS / BWA Mobile phones / PHSBWA

0

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

.23.88

.21.92

.1.96

.24.65

.22.65

.2.01

December2019(3Q)

.22.95

.20.99

.1.96

Septembr2019(2Q)

.22.28

.20.34

.1.94

June2019(1Q)

.21.50

.19.60

.1.90

Marh2019

March2020(4Q)

.18.40

.16.52

.1.88

Marh2018

.15.86

.14.09

.1.77

March2017

.12.69

.11.02

.1.67

March2016

62

Chap

ter 5

(2) Telecommunication usagea. State of traffic(i) Internet traffic • The total download traffic of broadband service subscribers in Japan

reached an average of 12.7 Tbps as of November 2019, a 15.2 percent increase from the same month in the year before

(a) Changes in traffic by broadband subscribersTraffic by the broadband service subscribers of

ISP99 continues to grow, with download traffic (A1 OUT) reaching a monthly average of 8,641.0 Gbps in November 2019 (a 18.7 percent increase from the same month the year before). Download traffic (A1 OUT) is 8.1 times larger than upload traffic (A1 IN: 1,073.0 Gbps), thus, most traffic is download traffic (Figure 5-2-2-6).

(b) Changes in traffic exchanged between ISPsData inflow has exceeded outflow in all three types of

traffic between ISPs: the traffic exchanged with major domestic internet exchanges (IX)s10 (B1), the traffic ex-changed with domestic ISPs without passing through major domestic IX (B2), and the traffic exchanged with overseas ISPs (B3) (Figure 5-2-2-6).

(c) Estimations for Internet traffic in JapanMIC have estimated the total download traffic by

broadband service subscribers in Japan from A1 - the traffic of ISP9 broadband service subscribers (DSL, FTTH, CATV, FWA) - and the percentage of the nine ISP’s subscriptions among all broadband subscriptions in Japan. This estimate found that traffic circulating on the internet, on average, was approximately 12.7 Tbps during November 2019. This is a 15.2 percent increase from the same month a year ago, and demonstrates a continuing rise in internet traffic (Figure 5-2-2-6).

(ii) Mobile communication traffic • Mobile communication traffic increased at a rate of about 1.2 times

over the last yearThe rapid increase in traffic, particularly data commu-

nications, in recent years is a significant factor in radio spectrum congestion in the frequencies assigned to mo-bile communication systems. In view of this, five mobile communications carriers (NTT Docomo, KDDI, Soft-Bank, UQ Communications, and Wireless City Plan-ning) worked together to tabulate and analyze data on the volume of mobile communication traffic (non-voice traffic). They found that, as of December 2019, mobile communication traffic increased about 1.2 times over the last year, and has reached an average of 3557.9 Gbps (Figure 5-2-2-7).

9 The total for nine cooperating ISPs, namely the Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ), NTT Communications, NTT Plala Inc., OPTAGE Inc., KDDI, Ju-piter Telecommunications Co., Ltd., SoftBank Corp., NIFTY Corporation, and BIGLOBE Inc.

10 The total for IXs run by Internet Multifeed, Equinix Japan, Japan Internet Exchange, BBIX, and WIDE Project.

Figure 5-2-2-6 Estimates for Internet traffic in Japan*1*2

(Notes)*1 The total for nine cooperating ISPs, namely the Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ), NTT Communications, NTT Plala Inc., OPTAGE Inc., KDDI, Jupiter Tele-

communications Co., Ltd., SoftBank Corp., NIFTY Corporation, and BIGLOBE Inc.*2 The total traffic by broadband service subscribers in Japan (estimated), the traffic per broadband service subscriber (estimated). For A1 and A2

columns, In stands for uploads and Out stands for downloads.*3 Total traffic by broadband service subscribers in Japan was estimated from the traffic of broadband service subscribers of the nine cooperating ISPs

(A1) and the share of all subscriptions of the nine cooperating ISPs (X). *4 Estimation by linear interpolation using the data of "Official Announcement of Quarterly Data on the Number of Telecommunications Service Sub-

scriptions and Market Share".

【Traffic estimates】

Year Month

Total traffic by broadband

service subscribers

in Japan (estimated)

[Gbps]*3

Traffic per broadband

service subscriber (estimated)

[kbps]

(A1) Traffic by

broadband service

subscribeers (DSL, FTTH,

CATV, FWA etc.) [Gbps]

(A2)Traffic by other

subscribers (leased lines, data centers, etc.) [Gbps]

(B1)Traffic exchanged between major

domestic Ixs and ISP9

[Gbps]

(B2)Traffic exchanged between domestic

ISPs and ISP9 without passing through major domestic Ixs

[Gbps]

(B3)Traffic exchanged

between overseas ISPs

and ISP9 [Gbps]

(X)Share of nine

cooperating ISPs

※ 4

in out in out in out in out in out in out in out

20175 1,406 8,027 36.1 206.4 954.8 5,452.9 1,390.0 597.1 590.5 179.1 3,207.1 685.2 1,283.1 322.6 67.93%

11 1,160 8,903 29.6 227.1 779.1 5,980.2 1,428.9 688.1 690.6 157.1 3,591.1 661.6 1,437.5 362.5 67.17%

20185 1,309 10,289 33.2 261.1 870.1 6,837.9 1,441.9 726.4 736.8 214.7 3,864.7 559.4 1,746.4 452.6 66.46%

11 1,401 10,976 35.3 277.0 929.1 7,281.8 1,921.4 867.5 964.9 283.4 4,848.6 710.5 1,669.2 400.9 66.34%

20195 1,563 12,086 38.7 299.4 1,016.7 7,859.6 2,159.4 948.9 950.2 289.4 5,519.1 848.9 1,671.0 408.5 65.03%

11 1,571 12,650 38.4 309.5 1,073.0 8,641.0 2,323.4 956.5 994.1 290.8 6,232.5 901.2 1,995.5 540.9 68.31%

63

Chap

ter 5

3. State of Provision and usage of broadcasting services • Subscriptions to NHK terrestrial, NHK-BS, WOWOW, 110 East CS and

cable TV services in FY 2018 increased from the previous yearSubscriptions to all broadcasting services increased

in FY 2018, except for 124/128 East CS broadcasts (Fig-ure 5-2-3-1).

Figure 5-2-2-7 Transitions in the monthly average mobile communications traffic in Japan

(Source) Prepared from “Information and Communications Statistics Database,” MIC

Tabulated Month June 2018 September 2018

December 2018 March 2019 June 2019 September

2019December

2019

Average monthly traffic up down total up down total up down total up down total up down total up down total up down total

Average(Gbps) 346.4 2366.5 2712.8 373.5 2564.4 2937.9 375.8 2535.4 2911.2 404.6 2680.6 3085.2 423.1 2926.9 3350.1 447.4 3082.3 3529.8 429.4 3128.5 3557.9

*1 A1 includes the following types of traffic: • Some traffic on public wireless LAN services from some ISP carriers • Some traffic on femtocell services from some mobile communications carriers*2 It was defined from November 2016 that traffic by CDN cache and traffic by customer ISPs connecting with cooperating ISPs which provide transit

are handled as A2. *3 B2 includes traffic exchanged via the following: • Private peering with domestic ISPs • Transit provided by domestic ISPs • Public peering at other domestic IXs other than major domestic IXs*4 B3 includes traffic exchanged via the following; however, it was defined from November 2016 that among the traffic, the traffic at domestic connec-

tion points are handled as B2. • Private peering with overseas ISPs • Transit provided by overseas ISPs • Public peering at overseas IXs.

(Source) Prepared from "Aggregation and Provisional Calculation of Internet Traffic in Japan (Announcement of aggregate results as of November 2019)," MIC

【Types of traffic】

ISP9Internet Initiative Japan(IIJ)

NTT CommunicationsNTT Plala Inc.OPTAGE Inc.

KDDIJupiter Telecommunications Co., Ltd.

SoftBank Corp.NIFTY Corporation

BIGLOBE Inc.

Domestic ISPsOverseas ISPs

B1 Traffic exchanged with major domestic IXs

A2　Traffic by other subscribers

B1In Out

In

Out

A1In

Out

A2

In

Out

B2

In

Out

C Traffic at major domestic IXs

A　Traffic by subscriber type

B　Traffic exchanged between ISPs

Broadband service subscribers（FTTH, DSL, CATV, FWA）

BB BBOther subscribers

(leased lines, data centers, etc.)

MajorDomestic

IXC

CDNCacheDC

BBEnterprises

Run by Internet Multifeed, Equinix Japan, Japan Internet Exchange, BBIX, and WIDE Project

B3

B2　Traffic exchanged between domestic ISPs without passing through major domestic IXs

B3　Traffic exchanged with overseas ISPs

A1　Traffic by broadband service subscribers

64

Chap

ter 5

4. Promoting informatization in government services(1) Promoting e-government • Promotion of e-government based on the inventory of administrative

procedures In order to improve the convenience of overall admin-

istrative services, the Cabinet Secretariat conducted a detailed survey on government administrative proce-dures (inventory survey). The results show that about 4.6% (2,542 types) of all types of procedures (55,765 types), which had more than 0.01 million filings in a year, accounted for 99% (approximately 2.4 billion) of the sum of procedure fillings. In particular, the online usage rate for application procedures in major fields (registra-tion field, national tax field, social insurance and labor insurance field), which are frequently used by citizens

and enterprises, has steadily been rising (about 233.26 million procedures out of all 413.54 million procedure fillings were filed online, an online usage rate is 56.4%, and an increase of 7.9 percentage points from the previ-ous fiscal year) (Figure 5-2-4-1).

(2) Promoting online governance by local governmentsa. Use of online procedures • The usage rate for local government procedures which were selected

for online-usage promotion increased over the previous fiscal yearThe online usage rate of local government administra-

tive procedures11 was 52.6 percent in FY 2018 (Figure 5-2-4-2).

11 The targeted procedures are those selected for online-usage promotion under the E-Local Government Online Usage Advancement Policy.

Figure 5-2-3-1 Subscribers to broadcasting services

(Notes)*1 NHK terrestrial subscribers are includes all types of NHK subscription contracts.*2 NHK-BS subscribers are the sum of NHK satellite contracts.*3 WOWOW subscribers are the sum of WOWOW contracts.*4 110° East CS subscribers are the sum of Sky PerfecTV contracts.*5 124/128° East CS subscribers are the sum of Sky PerfecTV premium contracts.*6 Up until FY 2010, cable TV subscribing households is the sum of households that subscribe to business enterprises which provided indepen-

dent broadcasting services with facilities licensed under the former licensing scheme. From 2011 onwards, it represents the number of sub-scribing households to registered business enterprises with wired telecommunication facilities providing independent broadcasting services (Both exclude broadcasts using IP multicasts).

(Source) Prepared using materials from Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association, materials from Japan Cable Laboratories, materials from NHK, and "State of Satellite Broadcasting" and "State of Cable Television" from MIC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

90

80

（million subscribers）

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Sattelite broadcasts etc.

29.607

2.137

1.027

2.901

44.714

22.215

110°East CS

（FY）

Cable TV

124/128°East CS

WOWOW

NHK

73.08 74.26 75.36 76.30 77.31 78.06 79.33 80.39

28.850

2.093

1.144

2.823

43.154

20.667

29.303

2.084

1.094

2.876

43.974

21.476

28.520

2.195

1.203

2.805

42.583

19.933

28.170

2.120

1.254

2.756

42.001

19.113

27.670

2.056

1.571

2.648

41.412

18.232

27.070

1.963

1.762

2.631

40.829

17.374

26.556

1.737

1.963

2.548

40.274

16.496

Figure 5-2-4-1 Changes in the online usage of application procedures in major fields

(Source) “Online of Inventory Results of Administrative Procedures” Cabinet Secretariat and MIC

FY Procedure filings (unit: million) Filings done online (unit: million) Online usage rate (unit: %)2018 413.54 233.26 56.42017 426.31 206.75 48.5

65

Chap

ter 5

1. State of Usage and number of radio stations(1) Radio stations • The number of radio stations in Japan has increased steadily since 2006

The number of radio stations (excluding PHS and wireless LAN handsets and other radio stations for which no license is required) at the end of FY 2019 in-creased by 6.1 percent from a year earlier to 266.27 mil-

lion, including 262.78 million mobile phones and other land mobile stations. Mobile phones and other mobile land stations accounted for 98.7 percent of all radio sta-tions. The number of convenience stations climbed by 5.7 percent from the previous year to 1.32 million (Fig-ure 5-3-1-1).

Section 3　Radio Spectrum Usage Trends

Figure 5-3-1-1 Changes in the number of radio stations

(Notes)*1 "Land mobile stations" refers to a radio station that is operated either while in motion on land or while stationary in an un-

specified location (such as mobile phones).*2 "Convenience stations" refers to a radio station used for simple radio communications.

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

0.49 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.49 0.49 0.55

0.41 0.41 0.54 0.58 0.63 0.68 0.71 0.70 0.73 1.25 1.32

0.70 0.72 0.74 0.77 0.84 0.90 0.97 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.25

0.49 0.47 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.41

109.93 114.48 118.79 132.66 143.88 154.72 174.93 197.11 214.57 231.09 247.48

98.1 98.2 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.7 98.6 98.6

0.59

1.17

1.32

0.40

262.78

98.7

98.1 98.2 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.7 98.6 98.6 98.7

0

20

40

60

80

100

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00（million stations）（%）

（End of FY）

（%）

other

Base stations

Convenience stations＊2

Amateur stations

Land mobile stations＊1

Percentage of land mobile stations

Figure 5-2-4-2 Changes in the usage of local government procedures selected for online-usage promotion

(Note)The total yearly filings are an estimate for the entire country calculated based on the total number of filings and the populations in the jurisdictions of local governments that had already placed the targeted procedures online.

(Source) "State of Online Use of Procedure, Notification etc. by Local Public Entities in FY 2018," MIC

FYTotal procedure

filings for the year

Filings done online

Online usage rate [%]

2012 349,000,000 148,496,598 42.6

2013 367,327,000 165,922,189 45.2

2014 368,733,000 173,807,766 47.1

2015 384,473,000 188,831,889 49.1

2016 389,170,000 199,207,981 51.2

2017 390,757,000 204,740,838 52.4

2018 403,631,000 212,130,214 52.6

42.6

45.247.1

49.151.2

52.4 52.6

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018（FY）30

35

40

45

50

55（％）

66

Chap

ter 5

2. Radio monitoring to eliminate interference with important radio com-munications

• There were 461 reports of interference with important radio communications in FY 2019, and 1,247 actions were taken against illegal radio stationsIn the interests of eliminating radio interference and

obstructions and maintaining a favorable radio spec-trum usage environment, officials at the 11 Regional Bu-reaus of Telecommunications and elsewhere use illegal radio station search vehicles and sensor stations in-stalled in towers and on building rooftops in major urban areas nationwide. These investigate the sources of radio signals that interfere with fire and emergency services radio, aeronautical and maritime radio, mobile phones, and other important radio communications. Officials also crack down on illegal radio stations and undertake public awareness activities to ensure more people use the radio spectrum properly.

Since FY 2010, radio authorities have been working to promptly eliminate interference with important radio communications with a system that can receive interfer-

ence reports around the clock. Radio authorities also monitor shortwave radio and cosmic radio waves from international radio surveillance facilities registered with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

In FY 2019, there were 1,886 reports of radio interfer-ence or obstructions of all kinds, 73 more (up by 4.0 per-cent from the previous year). Among these, there were 461 reports of interference with important radio com-munications, 49 more (up by 11.9 percent from the previ-ous year). In response to these reports, 1,850 actions12��were taken in FY 2019 (Figure 5-3-2-1).

In FY 2019, 6,537 illegal radio stations were detected, 1,843 more (up by 39.3 percent from the previous year). In response, 1,247 actions12 were taken in FY 2019, a de-crease of 97 actions (down by 7.2 percent from the previ-ous year). These actions included 189 indictments (15.2 percent of all actions) and 1,058 directives (84.8 percent of all actions).

12 The number of actions includes incomplete actions remaining from the previous fiscal year.

Figure 5-3-2-1 Changes in the number of radio station interference / obstruction reports and the number of actions taken in response

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500（reports/actions）

Reports of interference with important radio communications

Other interference report

Actions taken in response to reports

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 （FY）

512 532 513 689 501 532 605 771 676 603 522 412 461

2,364 2,241 2,041 1,934 1,873 1,826 1,740 1,995 1,821 1,811 1,727 1,401 1,425

2,876 2,773 2,554 2,623 2,374 2,358 2,345 2,766 2,497 2,414 2,249 1,813 1,886

Number of interference/obstruction reportsReports of interference with important radio communicationsOther interference reportActions taken in response to reports

Number of actions in response to interference/obstruction reportsNumber of actions in response to reports 3,179 2,772 2,289 2,669 2,453 2,389 2,346 2,667 2,348 2,414 2,310 1,946 1,850

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

67

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総務省 - chapter 5...according to the “survey of research and develop-ment”, japan’s total...

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