CCS Technology Development and Deployment Current Status and Some Potential Developments

Jon Gibbins

Director, UK CCS Research Centre Professor of Power Plant Engineering and Carbon Capture,

University of Edinburgh

The UKCCSRC is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences

Research Council as part of the Research Councils UK Energy Programme

jon.gibbins@ed.ac.uk www.ukccsrc.ac.uk

27 September 2013 London

Operating Large-scale Integrated CCS Projects

GCCSI Listing and analysis of CCS projects around the world, http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/projects/browse

Saline Formation

EOR

Industrikraft Möre AS Norway – Sargas

Test Centre Mongstad (TCM) – amine, ammonia

Peterhead Gas CCS Project – Cansolv amine

Captain Clean Energy Project – Siemens IGCC+pre-com

Teesside Low Carbon – IGCC+pre-com White Rose CCS Project – Alstom oxyfuel C.GEN North Killingholme Power Project – IGCC+precom Don Valley Power Project – IGCC+pre-com Rotterdam Opslag en Afvang Demonstratieproject (ROAD) – Commercial amine on supercritical coal

GCCSI Listing and analysis of CCS projects around the world, http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/projects/browse

Types of Carbon Capture Technology

IPCC Special Report on CCS

Hydrocarbon fuels

“ = Amine? ”

“ = IGCC? ”

“ = Pulverised coal? ” = ? very many possibilities!

Based on: Paul H.M. Feron, Exploring the potential for improvement of the energy performance of coal fired power plants with post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 4(2), 2010, 152-160

Commercial projects – Cansolv (Boundary Dam), Fluor (ROAD) + MHI, Alstom etc. But – new solvents, absorber intercooling, vapour compression, flash regeneration, thermal integration, solvent storage, flexible operation, construction methods, scale etc., etc.

Heat in

Heat out

Heat out

Heat out

Berlin, 2007 - CO2 Emissions Reduction Strategies for the Power Industry – CCS Opportunities and Challenges A Practical Assessment of Carbon Capture Options for New Build Pulverised Coal-Fired Power Plant in the UK, Michael Whitehouse, RWE

SaskPower Boundary Dam, Cansolv amine unit, Rectangular section concrete absorber http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/15-october-2012-mike-monea-and-colin-imrie-visit

http://www.usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/SaskPower%20CCS%20Presentation%20-%20USEA%20-%20March%202o13%20.pdf

Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture Technology Facilities

Amine Post Combustion Capture

Plant (150 KW)

Coal

S

B

C

G

Control Units & System

Integration

Oxygen

Coal

Biomass

AIR

Natural Gas

Gas Turbine APU & Turbec 150Kw

Oxy/air-Solid Fuels CTF with

EGR 250KW

Coal – Biomass

blend Fuels 50KW

Coal – Biomass Air/Oxy

FB Reactor 150KW

Gas Mixer Facilities

Up to 250 KW

O

L

Planned IGCC

Reactor (200 KW)

R

Gas Cleaning

and Shift

System Monitoring

Via Internet

R

E

E

M

A E

E

http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/system/files/Inventys%20Howden%20UKCCSRC%20%5BMay%202013%5D.pdf

http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/system/files/Inventys%20Howden%20UKCCSRC%20%5BMay%202013%5D.pdf

Vattenfall oxyfuel unit, built by Alstom – 30MW thermal

• Oxy-Coal/Biomass Combustion Test Facilities

• Air-Coal/Biomass Combustion Test Facilities

• FGR (Wet and Dry) + Gas Mixing Facilities

NET Power’s Allam Cycle

for coal

http://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurenet-powers-co2-cycle-the-breakthrough-that-ccs-needs

NET Power’s Allam Cycle

http://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurenet-powers-co2-cycle-the-breakthrough-that-ccs-needs

www.sccs.org/cns

September 2011

Scottish Low Carbon Investment Conference

(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)

A project that aligns policy objectives

the reverse effect

Central N Sea EOR

Don Valley Power Plant

CO2 Pumping Saline

Storage

17

5 MT per annum CO2 capture

£3 bn capital cost

Low carbon power (low emissions)

CO2 for EOR (tax revenue)

• FEED complete, section 36 planning awarded

• Awarded €180m grant under European Energy Programme for Recovery (EEPR)

• NER application in place

• Await UK process (CFD and debt)

(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)

Don Valley ~ 800 MW IGCC, Team with BP CCS project experience http://www.2coenergy.com/don_valley_power_project.html The 2Co project team has unparalleled commercial and technical experience in carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies needed across the full project chain. Shell, BOC/Linde and GE are key technology suppliers to the Don Valley CCS Project. The technologies they will use have been tested and proven at scale around the world. Samsung C&T and BOC have both recently agreed to take significant equity stakes in 2Co’s onshore plant.

(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)

What capital structure would enable the project?

the reverse effect 19

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

£m

DVPP

EOR

Gra

nt

Deb

t Eq

uity

UK Co-funding, EEPR, NER - £1bn

Supported Debt – £1bn EIB, UK Govt, GIB, other

Equity £0,5bn

Deb

t/Equ

ity

Returns and risks must be balanced to allow access to reasonably priced

commercial equity and debt.

(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)

What CFD structure would enable the project?

the reverse effect

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Prevailing COE Potential funding mechanism Effect of EOR

CO

E p

/kw

h

PPA Year ahead

price, so plant

always runs

Fixed Payment

covers fixed costs and debt

burden

Variable Payment

CFD

covers variable costs EOR

(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)

~ HRSG

Advanced Post

Combustion Capture Gas turbine

Air inlet

Gas Turbine Facilities with EGR + HAT Fuel Flexibility: NG, Biogas, Liquid Fuel, Biofuel & H2 Enriched Gas

Conclusions UK and Europe have solid experience of offshore CO2 storage

and a range of commercially-available technologies ready to be deployed at large scale

Funding mechanisms and enabling regulations being developed, also based on experience

Challenges are: a) First-of-a-kind deployment – funding mechanisms important b) Learning by doing – improve conventional technologies,

reduce costs, develop new technologies if real improvement c) Growing the sector – people and capacity

UKCCSRC works across the UK, throughout the CCS value chain, using analysis and experiments at a range of scales, to develop novel solutions and talented people.