cd4cdmcd4cdm estimating co 2 emissions reduction by example

CD4CDM

Estimating CO2 Emissions Reduction

by example

CD4CDM

On Emissions from Power Plants:

Power Generation (MWh)

Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)

X=CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

=

X

44g/moleCO2

12g/moleC

X1 ton C

1 kgC

TJvol unit of fuel Xkg

CTJ

Xvol fuel

consumedMwh output

conversion factors

Plant based- actual data

Carbon emission factor, per fuel type - IPCC

Net calorific value, country specific, per fuel type - IPCC

Emission Factor (Tons CO2/kWh)

GHG = EFA X

CD4CDM



X=CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

On Emissions from Power Plants :


=Installe

d Capacit

y (MW)

XPlant

Capacity

(%)

8760 hours in a year

X

On Emissions from a Power Grid :

Total CO2 Emissions (tons

CO2)

= t Op * Pt*CEFt

Emission factor for specific technology and

or fuel type(tons CO2/MWh)

Total electricity generation output of grid (MWh)

Percentage contribution to

grid (%)

CD4CDM

On Emissions from a Power Grid :

Total CO2 Emissions

= t Op * Pt*CEFt

= Op t Pt*CEFt

= Op* CEFwt.ave

CD4CDM

Module

Submodule

WorksheetSheet

Year

Fuel Typekg CO2/

kWh

Generation Mix , %

EF (kgCO2/kWh)

Oil-based 0.798 11.58 0.09Diesel 0.764 9.18 0.07Hydro 0 10.29 0.00Geothermal 0 21.68 0.00Coal 0.94 47.22 0.44Natural Gas 0.581 0.05 0.00

1000.61

Energy

CO2 Emissions from Total Electricity

Consumption per city/municipality

1-A Supplementary - Worksheet to

compute for CO2 Emission Factor

(kgCO2/kWH)1 of 12000

Step 1 - Calculate for Weighted CO2 Emission Factor

Total PercentageWeighted EF

CD4CDM

Module

Submodule Worksheet

SheetYear

A B C D

City/MunicipalityEmission Factor (kg CO2/kWh)

Electricity Consumption

(MWh)

CO2

Emissions (Gg CO2)

From 1-1 A D = B x C*10-3

City A 0.61 164,346 99.70

Step 2 - Calculate for CO2 emissions

EnergyCO2 Emissions from Electricity

Consumption1-11 of 12000

Total CO2 Emissions

= Op* CEFwt.ave

CD4CDM

Conversion Factors

1 kiloton = 1000 tons = 1,000,000 kg

1000 tons = 1 kiloton = 1 Gigagram

1 GWh = 1000 MWh = 1,000,000 kWh

1 ton = 1000 kg = 1,000,000 g

Kilo = 103

Mega = 106

Giga = 109

CD4CDM

Example 1: Aquarius Hydroelectric Project

Description of the project activity:

• Host country: Brazil

• generate electricity using hydroelectric resources to sell to the power grid.

• Hydroelectric power with 4.2 MW installed capacity = 25,755 MWh/year

• categorized as I-D (Renewable Energy Project - renewable electricity for a grid)

• baseline methodology - baseline is average of “operating margin” and “build margin”

• crediting period is 7 years - renewable twice

CD4CDM

Aquarius Hydroelectric Project

CD4CDM


Sources On-Site Off-SiteDirect - CO2 emissions during

project construction -excluded- emissions during operation(production of electricity fromhydro power) – negligible = 0

- One-step upstream: emissionsdue to transport of constructionmaterials and equipment to projectsite- excluded

Indirect(leakage)

None are expected

Emissions from manufacture ofparts, supplies and machineryrequired for building the project– excluded.

emissions at the national gridthat would be displaced byproviding renewable power –baseline emissions

CD4CDM


Step 1. Determine expected annual electricity production of project

Step 2. Determine expected project emissions

Step 3. Determine baseline emissions

i) determine baseline methodology

ii) compute for emission factors

iii) compute for baseline emissions

Step 4. Determine annual emissions reduction

CD4CDM


XPlant

Capacity Factor (%)

Annual Plant Electricity

Output (MWh/yr)

=Installed

Plant Capacity (MW)

X Hours year

XPlant

Capacity Factor (%)

= 4.2 MW X 70% X 8760Hours year

= 25,755 MWh/year


Output

• how much electricity the hydropower project will deliver annually

• how much amount of electricity will be displaced from the grid by the hydropower

CD4CDM


Power Generatio

n (MWh/year)


X=Annual

CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

= 25,755 MWh/year

X Zero (0)

Zero project emissions

=Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

CD4CDM

“approximate operating margin” - grid mix of all generating sources serving the system, excluding hydro, geothermal, wind, low-cost biomass, nuclear and solar generation

“build margin” - grid mix of recent capacity additions (newly installed plants) defined as lower of most recent 20% of plants built or the 5 most recently built plants

EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2

*Baseline and Monitoring Methods Workshop on July 17

Step 3. Determine baseline emissionsi) determine baseline methodology

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GRID

Hydro

Diesel

Coal

Wind

Geothermal

Nat Gas

Solar

Priority Source Dispatched to GridSources most likely to be displaced by Project

Back

CD4CDM


Generation withdiesel

199.3 GWh Actual (SIESEE)

Dieselconsumption

72,236 Millionliters/year

Actual (SIESEE)

Specificconsumption

363 Liter/kWh* calculated

Calorific value(Diesel)

10,700 Kcal/liter Reference value

Diesel EF 20.0 Tons C/TJ Reference value

Emission factor 1.190 KgCO2/kWH Calculated

EF = Calorific value

X Carbon EFXSpecific consumption

X Conversion factors

* page 30 of Aquarius PDD (Liter/MWh) - errata

CD4CDM


operating margin -mix composed of diesel-fueled (199.3 GWh) and natural gas-fueled (420.5GWh) power plants

• diesel EF = 1.190 kg CO2/kWh (32.16%)• nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (67.84%)• weighted EF = 0.851 kgCO2/kWh

build marginmix composed of natural gas-fueled (718.32 GWh) and hydroelectric (883.008GWh) power plants

• nat gas EF = 0.690 kgCO2/kWh (44.85%)• hydro EF = 0 kgCO2/kWh (55.15%)• weighted EF = 0.310 kgCO2/kWh

* Aquarius PDD typographical error - 883,008GWh

CD4CDM

EFbase = (EFoperating + EFbuild)/2

= (0.851 + 0.310)/2

EFbase = 0.580 kgCO2/kWh


iii) compute for baseline emissions (annual)

0.580 kgCO2/kWhX

25,755MWh=

Annual CO2

Emissions (tons CO2) X

1000kWh1MWh X

1tonCO2

1000kgCO2

= 14,942 tons CO2

Annual CO2 Emissions (tons CO2)

CD4CDM


Eredn = Ebase - Eproject

=14, 942 tons CO2 - 0

= 14,942 tons CO2

Emissions reductions1 year 14,942 tons CO2

7 years 104,594 tons CO2



CD4CDM

Example 2: Burgos Wind Farm Project

Description of the project activity:

• Host country: Philippines (Burgos, Ilocos Norte)

• generate electricity using wind energy to sell to the Luzon power grid.

• First commercial wind power with approximately 120 MW total capacity*

• divided into different phases - Phase 1 = 42MW installed capacity = 107GWh/year

• categorized as I-D (Renewable Energy Project - renewable electricity for a grid)* as per Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) feasibility

study

CD4CDM

Example 2: Burgos Wind Farm Project

Assumption:

• crediting period: 10 years

• start of crediting period: 2004

• baseline methodology: fossil fuel mix of 2000 will be the same mix as crediting period

• constant annual emissions reduction for the entire crediting period

• no leakages considered, no other direct or indirect emissions covered

CD4CDM


Output (MWh/yr)

=Installed

Plant Capacity (MW)

X Hours year

XPlant

Capacity Factor (%)

= (42 MW) x (29%) x (8760hours/year)

= 107 GWh/year



Power Generation (MWh/year)

Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)X=


107,000GWh/year

X Zero (0)

=


= Zero Project Emissions

CD4CDM

Step 3. Determine baseline emissionsi) determine baseline methodology

a) operating margin and build margin average b) recent capacity additionsc) power generation mix of 2000d) projected energy mix


- collect data on fuel consumption and power generation per fuel type to get specific consumption (volume consumed/kWh generated)

Assumption:• table of emission factors on next page:

CD4CDM


Fuel Type kg CO2/ kWh

Oil-based 0.798

Diesel 0.764

Hydro 0

Geothermal 0

Coal 0.94

Natural Gas 0.581

Greenhouse Gases from Local Communities: An Inventory Manual - Page 14

Fuel TypePower Generation,

GWh% Contribution to

Luzon Grid

Oil-based 4,017 11.58

Diesel 3,182 9.18

Hydro 3,569 10.29

Geothermal 7,520 21.68

Coal 16,374 47.22

Natural Gas 17.357 0.05

Total 34,679 100.00

Source: DOE

CD4CDM

Module

Worksheet

Sheet

Year

Fuel Typekg CO2/

kWh

Generation Mix , %

EF (kgCO2/kWh)

Oil-based 0.798 11.58 0.09Diesel 0.764 9.18 0.07Hydro 0 10.29 0.00Geothermal 0 21.68 0.00Coal 0.94 47.22 0.44Natural Gas 0.581 0.05 0.00

1000.6066

Step 1 - Calculate for Weighted CO2 Emission Factor

Total PercentageWeighted EF

Energy1-A Supplementary - Worksheet to compute for CO2 Emission Factor (kgCO2/kWH)

1 of 1

2000

Final Weighted Emission Factor = 0.6066 kgCO2/kWh

CD4CDM

iii) compute for baseline emissions (annual)

0.6066 kgCO2/kWhX

107,000MWh=

Annual CO2

Emissions (tons CO2) X

1000kWh1MWh X

1tonCO2

1000kgCO2

= 64,906 tonsCO2


Eredn = Ebase - Eproject

=64,906 tons CO2 - 0

Eredn =64,906 tons CO2

CD4CDM

Emissions reductions2004 64,906 tons CO2

2005 129,812 tons CO2

2006 194,718 tons CO2

2007 259,624 tons CO2

2008 324,530 tons CO2

2009 389,436 tons CO2

2010 454,342 tons CO2

2011 519,248 tons CO2

2012 584,154 tons CO2

2013 649,060 tons CO2

If at $3 per ton CO2

$1, 947, 180

CD4CDM

Exercise: Wigton Wind Farm ProjectDescription of the project activity:

• Host country: Jamaica

• generate electricity using wind energy to sell to the grid.

• First commercial wind power with approximately 20.7 MW capacity = 62.97Million kWh

• categorized as I-D (Renewable Energy Project - renewable electricity for a grid)

• baseline methodology - “Recent Additions to the Grid (10 years)”

• crediting period - 10 years

CD4CDM

Exercise: Wigton Wind Farm Project

CD4CDM


Steps in computing for the emissions reduction:

1. Compute for the project activity emission.

2. Compute for the weighted carbon emission factor for baseline scenario.

3. Compute for the baseline emission. 4. Compute for the annual emissions

reduction and the cumulative emission reduction for the crediting period.

5. Estimate total sales of CERs based on US$3 per ton of CO2 for the entire crediting period.

CD4CDM


1. Compute for the project activity emission.


Output (MWh/yr)

=Installed

Plant Capacity (MW)

X Hours year

XPlant

Capacity Factor (%)

= 20.7 MW 34.7

%X 8760X

= 62.97GWh = 62,970MWhPower

Generation (MWh/year)

Emission Factor (Tons CO2/MWh)X=


62,970MWh

X Zero (0)

=


= Zero Project Emissions

CD4CDM

2. Compute for the weighted carbon emission factor for baseline scenario. 3. Compute for the baseline emission. 4. Compute for the annual emissions reduction and the cumulative emission reduction for the crediting period. 5. Estimate total sales of CERs based on US$3 per ton of CO2 for the entire crediting period.

cd4cdmcd4cdm estimating co 2 emissions reduction by example

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