cell cycle (honors biology)
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Regents Biology 2006-2007
Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing as division…
![Page 2: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Regents Biology 2006-2007
MITOSIS:Making New CellsMaking New DNA
![Page 3: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Regents Biology
Where it all began…
![Page 4: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Regents Biology
Where it all began…You started as a cell smaller than a period at the end of a sentence…
![Page 5: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Regents Biology
Where it all began…You started as a cell smaller than a period at the end of a sentence…
![Page 6: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Regents Biology
§ Going from egg to baby…. the original fertilized egg has to divide…
Getting from there to now…
![Page 7: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Regents Biology
§ Going from egg to baby…. the original fertilized egg has to divide…
and divide…
Getting from there to now…
![Page 8: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Regents Biology
§ Going from egg to baby…. the original fertilized egg has to divide…
and divide… and divide…
Getting from there to now…
![Page 9: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Regents Biology
§ Going from egg to baby…. the original fertilized egg has to divide…
and divide… and divide… and divide…
Getting from there to now…
![Page 10: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…
amoeba
![Page 11: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
amoeba
![Page 12: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction amoeba
![Page 13: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
amoeba
![Page 14: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organisms
amoeba
![Page 15: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
amoeba
![Page 16: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
§ from fertilized egg to adult
amoeba
![Page 17: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
§ from fertilized egg to adult
amoeba
![Page 18: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
§ from fertilized egg to adultufor repair & replacement
amoeba
![Page 19: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
§ from fertilized egg to adultufor repair & replacement
amoeba
starfish
![Page 20: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
§ from fertilized egg to adultufor repair & replacement
amoeba
starfish
![Page 21: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
§ from fertilized egg to adultufor repair & replacement
§ replace cells that die from normal wear & tear or from injury
amoeba
starfish
![Page 22: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Regents Biology
Why do cells divide…§ One-celled organisms
ufor reproduction uasexual reproduction (clones)
§ Multi-celled organismsufor growth & development
§ from fertilized egg to adultufor repair & replacement
§ replace cells that die from normal wear & tear or from injury
amoeba
starfish
![Page 23: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Regents Biology
Dividing cells…§ What has to be copied
animal cellplant cell
![Page 24: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Regents Biology
Dividing cells…§ What has to be copied
u DNA
animal cellplant cell
![Page 25: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Regents Biology
Dividing cells…§ What has to be copied
u DNAu organelles
animal cellplant cell
![Page 26: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Regents Biology
Dividing cells…§ What has to be copied
u DNAu organellesu cell membrane
animal cellplant cell
![Page 27: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Regents Biology
Dividing cells…§ What has to be copied
u DNAu organellesu cell membraneu lots of other
molecules
animal cellplant cell
![Page 28: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Regents Biology
Dividing cells…§ What has to be copied
u DNAu organellesu cell membraneu lots of other
molecules§ enzymes
animal cellplant cell
![Page 29: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
![Page 30: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
![Page 31: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
![Page 32: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase
![Page 33: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
![Page 34: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase (pro-metaphase)
![Page 35: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase (pro-metaphase)
metaphase
![Page 36: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase (pro-metaphase)
metaphase anaphase
![Page 37: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase (pro-metaphase)
metaphase anaphase telophase
![Page 38: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase (pro-metaphase)
metaphase anaphase telophase
cytokinesis
![Page 39: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase (pro-metaphase)
metaphase anaphase telophase
cytokinesis
I.P.M.A.T.
![Page 40: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase
![Page 41: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase§ 90% of cell life cycle
u cell doing its “everyday job”§ produce RNA, synthesize proteins/enzymes
u prepares for duplication if triggered
![Page 42: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase§ 90% of cell life cycle
u cell doing its “everyday job”§ produce RNA, synthesize proteins/enzymes
u prepares for duplication if triggered
I’m working here!
![Page 43: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase§ 90% of cell life cycle
u cell doing its “everyday job”§ produce RNA, synthesize proteins/enzymes
u prepares for duplication if triggered
I’m working here!
Time to divide& multiply!
![Page 44: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase
![Page 45: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase§ Divided into 3 phases:
u G1 = 1st Gap (Growth)§ cell doing its “everyday job”§ cell grows
u S = DNA Synthesis§ copies chromosomes
u G2 = 2nd Gap (Growth)§ prepares for division § cell grows (more)§ produces organelles,
proteins, membranes
![Page 46: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase§ Divided into 3 phases:
u G1 = 1st Gap (Growth)§ cell doing its “everyday job”§ cell grows
u S = DNA Synthesis§ copies chromosomes
u G2 = 2nd Gap (Growth)§ prepares for division § cell grows (more)§ produces organelles,
proteins, membranes
G0
![Page 47: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Regents Biology
Interphase§ Divided into 3 phases:
u G1 = 1st Gap (Growth)§ cell doing its “everyday job”§ cell grows
u S = DNA Synthesis§ copies chromosomes
u G2 = 2nd Gap (Growth)§ prepares for division § cell grows (more)§ produces organelles,
proteins, membranes
G0
signal to
divide
![Page 48: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
![Page 49: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
![Page 50: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
G1, S, G2, M
![Page 51: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
G1, S, G2, M
epithelial cells,blood cells,stem cells
![Page 52: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
cell grows & matures to never divide again
G1, S, G2, M
epithelial cells,blood cells,stem cells
![Page 53: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
cell grows & matures to never divide again
G1, S, G2, M G1→G0
epithelial cells,blood cells,stem cells
![Page 54: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
cell grows & matures to never divide again
G1, S, G2, M G1→G0
epithelial cells,blood cells,stem cells
brain / nerve cellsmuscle cells
![Page 55: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
cell grows & matures to never divide again
G1, S, G2, M G1→G0
epithelial cells,blood cells,stem cells
liver cells
brain / nerve cellsmuscle cells
![Page 56: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell cycle§ Cell has a “life cycle”
cell is formed from a mitotic division
cell grows & maturesto divide again
cell grows & matures to never divide again
G1, S, G2, M G1→G0
epithelial cells,blood cells,stem cells
liver cells
brain / nerve cellsmuscle cells
![Page 57: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Regents Biology
Copying DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
![Page 58: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Regents Biology
Copying DNA§ A dividing cell duplicates its DNA
u creates 2 copies of all DNAu separates the 2 copies to opposite ends of
the cell u splits into 2 daughter cells
nucleus
cell
DNA
![Page 59: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Regents Biology
Copying DNA§ A dividing cell duplicates its DNA
u creates 2 copies of all DNAu separates the 2 copies to opposite ends of
the cell u splits into 2 daughter cells
§ But the DNA starts loosely wound in the nucleus
nucleus
cell
DNA
![Page 60: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Regents Biology
Copying DNA§ A dividing cell duplicates its DNA
u creates 2 copies of all DNAu separates the 2 copies to opposite ends of
the cell u splits into 2 daughter cells
§ But the DNA starts loosely wound in the nucleus
§ If you tried to divide it like that, it could tangle & breaknucleus
cell
DNA
![Page 61: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Regents Biology
Organizing & packaging DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
nucleus
cell
![Page 62: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Regents Biology
Organizing & packaging DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
nucleus
cellDNA in chromosomes ineveryday “working” cell
![Page 63: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Regents Biology
Organizing & packaging DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
nucleus
cellDNA in chromosomes ineveryday “working” cell
DNA in chromosomes in cell getting ready to divide
![Page 64: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Regents Biology
Organizing & packaging DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
nucleus
cellDNA in chromosomes ineveryday “working” cell
DNA in chromosomes in cell getting ready to divide
DNA has been “wound up”
![Page 65: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Regents Biology
Organizing & packaging DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
nucleus
cell
4 chromosomesin this organism
DNA in chromosomes ineveryday “working” cell
DNA in chromosomes in cell getting ready to divide
DNA has been “wound up”
![Page 66: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Regents Biology
![Page 67: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Regents Biology
double-strandedhuman chromosomesready for mitosis
![Page 68: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Regents Biology
DNA must be duplicated…
![Page 69: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Regents Biology
DNA must be duplicated…
nucleus
cell
DNA in chromosomes
![Page 70: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Regents Biology
DNA must be duplicated…
nucleus
cell
DNA in chromosomes chromosomes in cell
4 single-stranded chromosomes
![Page 71: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Regents Biology
DNA must be duplicated…
nucleus
cell
DNA in chromosomes
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
chromosomes in cell
4 single-stranded chromosomes
![Page 72: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Regents Biology
DNA must be duplicated…
nucleus
cell
DNA in chromosomes
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
chromosomes in cell
4 single-stranded chromosomes
![Page 73: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Regents Biology
DNA must be duplicated…
nucleus
cell
DNA in chromosomes
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
chromosomes in cell
4 single-stranded chromosomes
duplicatedchromosomes
4 double-stranded chromosomes
![Page 74: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells
nucleus
cell
DNA
![Page 75: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 1: cell copies DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
![Page 76: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 1: cell copies DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA
![Page 77: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 1: cell copies DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA Copy DNA!
![Page 78: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 1: cell copies DNA
nucleus
cell
DNA Copy DNA!
(interphase)
![Page 79: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Regents Biology
Mitosis
![Page 80: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Regents Biology
Mitosis § Dividing cell’s DNA between
2 daughter nucleiu “dance of the chromosomes”
![Page 81: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Regents Biology
Mitosis § Dividing cell’s DNA between
2 daughter nucleiu “dance of the chromosomes”
§ 4 phasesu prophaseu metaphaseu anaphaseu telophase
![Page 82: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
![Page 83: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 2: DNA winds into chromosomes
u DNA is wound up into chromosomes to keep it organized
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes
![Page 84: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 2: DNA winds into chromosomes
u DNA is wound up into chromosomes to keep it organized
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes Wind up!
![Page 85: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 2: DNA winds into chromosomes
u DNA is wound up into chromosomes to keep it organized
nucleus
cell
duplicated chromosomes Wind up!
(prophase)
![Page 86: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells
duplicated chromosomeslined up in middle of cell
![Page 87: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 3: Chromosomes line up
u chromosomes line up in middleu attached to protein “cables” that will help
them move
duplicated chromosomeslined up in middle of cell
![Page 88: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 3: Chromosomes line up
u chromosomes line up in middleu attached to protein “cables” that will help
them move
duplicated chromosomeslined up in middle of cell
Line up!
![Page 89: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 3: Chromosomes line up
u chromosomes line up in middleu attached to protein “cables” that will help
them move
duplicated chromosomeslined up in middle of cell
Line up!
(metaphase)
![Page 90: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 3: Chromosomes line up
u chromosomes line up in middleu attached to protein “cables” that will help
them move
duplicated chromosomeslined up in middle of cell
Line up!
(metaphase)
![Page 91: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 3: Chromosomes line up
u chromosomes line up in middleu attached to protein “cables” that will help
them move
duplicated chromosomeslined up in middle of cell
Line up!
(metaphase)
![Page 92: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells
chromosomes split & move to opposite ends
![Page 93: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 4: Chromosomes separate
u chromosomes split, separating pairsu start moving to opposite ends
chromosomes split & move to opposite ends
![Page 94: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 4: Chromosomes separate
u chromosomes split, separating pairsu start moving to opposite ends
chromosomes split & move to opposite ends
Separate!
![Page 95: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 4: Chromosomes separate
u chromosomes split, separating pairsu start moving to opposite ends
chromosomes split & move to opposite ends
Separate!
(anaphase)
![Page 96: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 4: Chromosomes separate
u chromosomes split, separating pairsu start moving to opposite ends
chromosomes split & move to opposite ends
Separate!
(anaphase)
![Page 97: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 4: Chromosomes separate
u chromosomes split, separating pairsu start moving to opposite ends
chromosomes split & move to opposite ends
Separate!
(anaphase)
![Page 98: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells
![Page 99: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 5: Cell starts to divide
u cells start to divideu nucleus forms again
![Page 100: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 5: Cell starts to divide
u cells start to divideu nucleus forms again
Divide!
![Page 101: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 5: Cell starts to divide
u cells start to divideu nucleus forms again
Divide!
(telophase)
![Page 102: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells
![Page 103: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 6: DNA unwinds again
u cells separateu now they can do their every day jobs
![Page 104: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell Cycle: Dividing DNA & cells§ Stage 6: DNA unwinds again
u cells separateu now they can do their every day jobs
(cytokinesis)
![Page 105: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Regents Biology
New “daughter” cells
![Page 106: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Regents Biology
New “daughter” cells§ Get 2 exact copies of original cells
u same DNAu “clones”
![Page 107: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Regents Biology
New “daughter” cells§ Get 2 exact copies of original cells
u same DNAu “clones”
![Page 108: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Regents Biology
New “daughter” cells§ Get 2 exact copies of original cells
u same DNAu “clones”
![Page 109: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Regents Biology
New “daughter” cells§ Get 2 exact copies of original cells
u same DNAu “clones”
![Page 110: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Regents Biology
Cell division in Animals
![Page 111: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Regents Biology
Mitosis in whitefish embryo
![Page 112: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Regents Biology
Mitosis in plant cell
![Page 113: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Regents Biology
onion root tip
![Page 114: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
![Page 115: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
![Page 116: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
![Page 117: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase
![Page 118: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
![Page 119: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
metaphase
![Page 120: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
metaphase anaphase
![Page 121: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase
![Page 122: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase
cytokinesis
![Page 123: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase
cytokinesis
I.P.M.A.T.C.
![Page 124: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Regents Biology
Overview of mitosis
interphase prophase
metaphase anaphase telophase
cytokinesis
I.P.M.A.T.C.
Please Make Another Two Cells
![Page 125: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Regents Biology 2006-2007
![Page 126: Cell Cycle (Honors Biology)](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051312/546ed1ccaf795971298b57bc/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Regents Biology 2006-2007
Any Questions??Any Questions??