cell division objectives 1. describe the cell cycle. 2. describe the events in each stage of...
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Cell Division
Objectives1. Describe the cell cycle.2. Describe the events in each stage of mitosis.3. Explain cancer as a disease of the cell cycle.
Pg 240-252
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Think! Think!! Think!!!
Does a living thing grow larger because it increases the size of its cells or because it produces more cells?
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Think! Think!! Think!!!
Living things grow because they produce more cells. There is a limit to the size that cells can grow. The DNA that is in the nucleus of each cell is like the library of a small town. When the town is small, there are enough books for the residents to share. If the town population were to increase, there would be a shortage of books. So instead of growing larger, cells must reproduce.
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Cell Division
Cell Division – the process by which a cell divides into two new identical daughter cells
Before cell division, the DNA of the cell is copied, so each daughter cell gets a copy.
DNA – (deoxyribonucleic acid) the large molecule in the nucleus of each cell that carries genetic information
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Chromatin
Chromatin - DNA in the nucleus that looks like spread out “strings” when the cell is not dividing
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes – condensed chromatin visible in the nucleus when the cell is dividing
Humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs.
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Chromosomes
Before cell division, each chromosome is duplicated. The identical chromosomes attach to each other.Sister Chromatids –
two identical chromosomesattached to each other
Centromere – the place that the sister chromatids are attached to each other
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The Cell Cycle
Interphase G1 – “G for Grow” the cell
size increases S – “S for DNA Synthesis”
the chromosomes are duplicated
G2 – centrioles and other organelles required for cell
division are madeMitosis – the duplicated chromosomes separate, has four phasesCytokinesis – the cell physically splits in two
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Cancer: A Disease of the Cell Cycle
Cancer – a disorder in which some of the body’s cells divide uncontrollably.
The cells that continue to divide cause masses called tumors.
Causes can be tobacco, UV radiation, or viruses.
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Mitosis
Prophase – chromatin condenses into sister chromatids, centrioles separate, spindle forms, nuclear envelope breaks downMetaphase – sister chromatids line up across middle of cell, each is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromereAnaphase – sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cellTelophase – sister chromatids lose their shape and become chromatin, two new nuclear envelopes form
http://www.rattlerscience.com/life/classes/preapbio/documents/Unit%203/chapter10/cell_cycle.swf
http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab2_mitosis/graphics/aavideo.mov