cell structure. cell theory states the following: 1.all organisms are made up of cells (one or more)...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell Structure
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Cell Theory
States the following:
1. All organisms are made up of cells (one or more)
2. All cells come from preexisting cells (cell reproduction)
3. All cells are essentially the same in chemical composition
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Prokaryotic vs Eukaryoticcells
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Prokaryote vs. EukaryoteProkaryote Eukaryote
No nucleus Nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound organelles
Only bacteria All other cells
Evolved 3.5 billion ya Evolved 1.5 billion ya
About 1-10 micrometers in size
About 2-1000 micrometers in size
Can live w/out oxygen Requires oxygen to live
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Components of an Animal Cell
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Components of a Plant Cell
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Elodea cells
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Onion cells stained
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Cheek cells
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We will use the following analogy…• Think of the cell as a city
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Let’s Start from the Inside…The Nucleus (Animal and Plant Cells
A &P)
The Central Command Center
Information (DNA)
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Ribosomes-factories• Ribosomes
- Each cell contains thousands- Miniature 'protein factories'- Composes 25% of cell's mass- Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum- Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm
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Rough/Smooth ER and Ribosomes (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)
• Where proteins and lipids are made
• Some molecular traffic directed by ER
Internal transport systems
City streets
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Golgi Bodies (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)
• Packages cell proteins & lipids
• For cellular export
Post Office
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Mitochondria (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)
• Produces energy (ATP) for the cell to use
Power Plant
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Chloroplasts (only in Plant Cells)
• Where photosynthesis occurs
• Sugars are made
A secondary Power Plant
solar cells (only in plants)
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Lysosome (Animal and Plant Cells A &P, Mostly Animal)
• Uses digestive enzymes to break down macromolecules
Garbage Dump
Treatment plant
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Vacuoles (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)
• Fluid filled space, used for storage, digestion, water retention (in plants)
Warehouse
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Cytoplasm or Cytosol (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)
• Mainly water, forms the “body” of the cell
Air of the city
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Cytoskeleton (Animal and Plant Cells A &P)
• Aid in cell movement (actin)
• Also help in protein/lipid movement inside the cell (microtubules) and cell support
Support rods
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Cell Wall (only in Plant Cells)
• Provide rigidity for structure and support
• Contains cellulose
Outer Wall
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Membrane Structure
• Fluid like