cell structure & function - science at cathedral chapel...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
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Cell Theory
• All living things are made up of cells. • Cells are the smallest working units of all
living things. • All cells come from preexisting cells
through cell division.
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Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life
functions.
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Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
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Two Types of Cells
• Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic • Do not have
structures surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
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Eukaryotic • Contain organelles surrounded by membranes • Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
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“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell Parts
Organelles
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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cell Wall • Most commonly found
in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus
• Directs cell activities • Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear
membrane • Contains genetic material - DNA
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Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds nucleus • Made of two layers • Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chromosomes • In nucleus • Made of DNA • Contain instructions
for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Nucleolus • Inside nucleus • Contains RNA to build
proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture • Surrounded by cell membrane • Contains hereditary material
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Endoplasmic Reticulum • Moves materials around
in cell • Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes • Rough type (pictured):
ribosomes embedded in surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Ribosomes • Each cell contains
thousands • Make proteins • Found on ribosomes
& floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Mitochondria • Produces energy through
chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Golgi Bodies • Protein 'packaging
plant' • Move materials within
the cell • Move materials out of
the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Lysosome • Digestive 'plant' for
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Vacuoles • Membrane-bound
sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
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Chloroplast • Usually found in plant
cells • Contains green
chlorophyll • Where
photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html