Cell BasicsLearning Targets 1-7

Cell – the basic unit of life

Major Scientists Contribution to the study of Cells

Robert Hooke Used early compound microscopes to look at cork: called the empty chambers CELLS

Leeuwenhoek Used a single lens microscope to observe pond water; really improved microscope quality and use.

Schleiden All plants are made of cells

Schwann All animals are made of cells

Virchow New cells can only come from the dividing of existing cells.

Cells & Scientists

Cell Theory

Formulated by Rudolf Virchow1. All living things are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

3. New cells are produced from existing cells

Microscopes allowed scientists and researchers to study the structure and movement of living cells in great detail.

Different Varieties What can we do with this kind?Compound Light Microscope n/a

The microscope pictured to the left is referred to as a compound light microscope. The term light refers to the method by which light transmits the image to your eye. Compound deals with the microscope having more than one lens.

Electron Microscope

1. TEM

2. SEM

Can view very thin samples 1000x smaller than a light microscope

Produce 3-D images of the surfaces of cells and tissues Samples are non-living.

Scanning Probe Microscope

n/a A scanning probe microscope scans a tiny probe just above the surface of a sample and produces an image by recording the position of the probe. Can use with living tissue.

Significance of Microscopes

Electron Microscope

NanoparticlesAnt

Scanning Probe Microscope

Bacterial Flagellum

Kinds of Cells

Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells

Typical Size of Cell

Generally smaller Generally larger

Nucleus? NO(have genetic material, but not

enclosed)

YES!(genetic material is enclosed in the

nucleus)

Internal Membranes or Structures

Some have membranes but most do not

Yes, parts and structure are surrounded by membranes

Number of Cells

Unicellular Unicellular, but most are Multicellular

Example Organisms

a. Archaebacteriab. Eubacteria

a. Protistsb. Fungic. Plantsd. Animals

OrganellesOrganelle - a specialized

structure that performs jobs within the eukaryotic cell

ANIMAL CELL

Golgi Apparatus

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nucleolus

Nucleus

VacuoleCell Membrane

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

PLANT CELL

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Cell WallRough Endoplasmic Reticululm

Chloroplast

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Central Vacuole

Ribosomes

Organelles Animal Plant Organelles Animal Plant

Centrioles X X Rough ER X X

Cytoplasm X X Microtubules X X

Lysosomes X X Chromatin X X

Microfilament X X Cell Membrane X X

Mitochondria X X Cell Wall X

Ribosomes X X Chloroplast X

Smooth ER X X Vacuole X X

Golgi Apparatus X X Plastids X

Nucleus X X Nucleolus X X

Animal v. Plant Cells