cells: plants and animals
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Cells: Plants and Animals. Cells: Plants and Animals. Overview of Cells Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells Cells Organization within the Body Tissue Overview. How Cells Were Named. Cells in cork - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Cells: Plants and Animals
1. Overview of Cells2. Differences Between Plant and
Animal Cells3. Cells Organization within the Body4. Tissue Overview
Cells: Plants and Animals
• Cells in cork• walled boxes that are
similar to tiny rooms, or cellula, occupied by monks = "cell.“
Cellsin a plant
How Cells Were Named
Cellsin an animal
Cell Size
Cells Contain Organelles
Comparing Animal and Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Variety of Shapes
• One or more small vacuoles
• Centrioles• Lysosomes• Often have cilia
or flagella
• Cell Membrane• Cytoplasm• ER (smooth and rough)• Ribosomes• Mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• Nucleus
• Cell Wall• Rectangular• One large, central vacuole• Plastids• Chloroplasts• Rarely have cilia or flagella
Comparing Animal and Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Variety of Shapes
• One or more small vacuoles
• Centrioles• Lysosomes• Often have cilia
or flagella
• Cell Membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• Mitochondria• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Golgi Apparatus
• Cell Wall• Rectangular• One large, central vacuole• Plastids• Chloroplasts• Rarely have cilia or flagella
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Double layer of phospholipids
• controls the flow of water
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
Electron MicroscopeImage of Rickettsia felis
Animal Cells
Cell Membrane
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Pollen Tube of an Orange Bush Monkey Flower
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Surrounded by double membrane• Holds DNA
• Involved in cell division
Nucleus
Electron MicroscopeImage of a WhiteBlood Cell
Animal Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Make energy for the cell• Can be different shapes• Surrounded by a double membrane
Mitochondrion
Electron MicroscopeImage of a PlantCell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Different functions depending on cell type
• Produces chemicals for the cell• Controls the release of ions• Collects proteins
EndoplasmicReticulum
Electron MicroscopeImage of aCartilage Cell
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
• Surrounded with a single membrane• Packages substances to be transported
Animal Cell
Golgi
Electron MicroscopeImage of aBone Marrow Cell
Comparing Animal and Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Variety of Shapes
• One or more small vacuoles
• Centrioles• Lysosomes• Often have cilia
or flagella
• Cell Wall• Rectangular• One large, central vacuole• Plastids• Chloroplasts• Rarely have cilia or flagella
• Cell Membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• Mitochondria• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Golgi Apparatus
Comparing Animal and Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Variety of Shapes
• One or more small vacuoles
• Centrioles• Lysosomes• Often have cilia
or flagella
• Cell Wall• Rectangular• One large, central vacuole• Plastids• Chloroplasts• Rarely have cilia or flagella
• Cell Membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• Mitochondria• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Golgi Apparatus
• Membrane bound sac• Intracellular digestion• Release of cellular waste• Generally small in animal cells
Animal Cell
Vacuoles
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Pancreatic Cell
Animal Cell
• Part of cytoskeleton of the cell• Ring of nine groups of fused microtubules• Groups of three microtubles
• Plants do not have centrioles
Animal Cell
Centriole
Electron MicroscopeImage of a White Blood Cell
Animal Cell
• Contain enzymes necessary for intracellular digestion• In white blood cells, these lysozymes digest bacteria• Cause cell death if improperly released into cytoplasm
Animal Cell
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Nerve
Lysosome
Animal Cell
Lysosome
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Nerve
Animal Cell
Lysosome
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Nerve
Animal Cell
Lysosome
• Rigid, protective cell wall• Made of polysaccharides• Provides and maintains shape of the cell• Protective barrier
• Animal Cells do not have a cell wall
Plant Cell
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Sunflower Leaf
Plant Cell
• Membrane bound sac• Store nutrients and waste products• Increase cell size during growth• Generally large in plant cells
Plant Cell
Central Vacuole
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Guard Cell of a New Dawn Climbing Rose
Plant Cell
• Contain chlorophyll, which allows the plant to make energy from sunlight• Surrounded by a double outer membrane
Plant Cell
Chloroplast
Electron MicroscopeImage of a Sugar Beet
Plant Cell
Comparing Animal and Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
• Variety of Shapes
• One or more small vacuoles
• Centrioles• Lysosomes• Often have cilia
or flagella
• Cell Wall• Rectangular• One large, central vacuole• Rarely have lysosomes• Plastids• Chloroplasts• Rarely have cilia or flagella
• Cell Membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• Mitochondria• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Golgi Apparatus
More About Animal Cells
SERTOLI CELL LEYDIG CELL NERVE CELL
EGGPITUITARY CELL
Cells in Perspective
ORGAN – Two or more types of tissues; larger functional unite.g., skin, kidney, intestine, blood
vessels
Cells in Perspective
TISSUE – Groups of cells with same general function and texture (texture = tissue)
e.g., muscle, nerve, epithelium, and connective tis.
CELL – Smallest unit, Simplest animals consist of a single cell.
ORGAN SYSTEM - Several organs
e.g., respiratory, digestive, reproductive systems
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
SYSTEM
FOUR BASIC TYPES OF TISSUES IN THE BODY --------------------------------------
Epithelium Connective tissue
Muscular tissue Nervous tissue
Functions: • Cover organs, line organs, blood
vessels, and secretory cells of glands
Epithelium
Function: • binds the other tissues together to
form organs• include blood, cartilage, and bone
Connective Tissue
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Function:
• generation of contractile force
Distribution:• Smooth – involuntary
movements of organs, respiratory tract, blood vessels, uterus, etc.
• Cardiac – involuntary contractions of the heart
• Skeletal – voluntary movements, mostly associated with the skeleton
Muscle
Nervous Tissue Functions:
• transmission, reception, and integration of electrical impulses
Characteristics: • neurons – very large excitable
cells with long processes called axons and dendrites
• Glial cells – the supporting cells of nervous tissue
• Nerves – collections of neuronal processes bound together by connective tissue
FOUR BASIC TYPES OF TISSUES IN THE BODY --------------------------------------
Epithelium Connective tissue
Muscular tissue Nervous tissue
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
Epithelium
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
Epithelium
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
Muscular tissue
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
Muscular tissue
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
NERVOUS TISSUE
EPITHELIUM CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE
Where are these basic tissues located?
NERVOUS TISSUE
• http://viewer.serenusview.com/Viewer.aspx?SlideId=d68a4e8e-8932-492c-911c-0a2a968463aa
Plant Cells
http://viewer.serenusview.com/Viewer.aspx?SlideId=2c7d93ed-dae2-40bb-90fc-74253b381d4e
Normal Blood Cells
• http://staging.digitalscope.org/Viewer.aspx?SlideId=b0af451a-ce41-463b-ac84-68cb4e2d142e
Abnormal Blood Cells
Shapes of Epithelial Cells
• http://viewer.serenusview.com/LinkHandler.axd?LinkId=469f3768-acb7-4ef3-aa82-2bdd18f77dc6
Intestinal Cells
• http://viewer.serenusview.com/LinkHandler.axd?LinkId=5a615a12-3e73-4b15-a6fa-910ac47caf9f
Eye Cells
1. Overview of Cells2. Differences Between Plant and
Animal Cells3. Cells Organization within the Body4. Tissue Overview
Cells: Plants and Animals