Cells: The Basic Cells: The Basic Unit of LifeUnit of Life

Organization of LifeOrganization of Life

Everything has a least one cellEverything has a least one cell Many living things exist as only one cellMany living things exist as only one cell Other living things may have trillions of Other living things may have trillions of

cellscells

What is the worldWhat is the world’’s s largest cell?largest cell?

The egg!The egg!

The first cell of a chicken is the yolk with The first cell of a chicken is the yolk with a tiny white dot in it.a tiny white dot in it.

It is surrounded by a clear jellylike fluid It is surrounded by a clear jellylike fluid called egg white.called egg white.

The white dot divides over and over The white dot divides over and over again to become a chick.again to become a chick.

We are made up of about 100 trillion We are made up of about 100 trillion cells.cells.

We have about 200 different kind of cells We have about 200 different kind of cells and each is specialized to do a particular and each is specialized to do a particular jobjob

Examples: blood cells, bone cells, nerve Examples: blood cells, bone cells, nerve cells, skin cellscells, skin cells

TissueTissue

A group of cells working in a team to A group of cells working in a team to perform a specific job.perform a specific job.

The material around and between the The material around and between the cells is also part of the tissue.cells is also part of the tissue.

Examples: blood, fat, muscleExamples: blood, fat, muscle

OrgansOrgans

When two or more tissues work together When two or more tissues work together to perform a specific job, the group of to perform a specific job, the group of tissue is called an organ.tissue is called an organ.

Examples: stomach, intestines, heart, Examples: stomach, intestines, heart, lungs, skin lungs, skin

Plants have different kinds of tissues that Plants have different kinds of tissues that work together.work together.

The leaf is a plant organ, so is the stem The leaf is a plant organ, so is the stem and roots.and roots.

Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

Organs working together to perform Organs working together to perform particular jobs.particular jobs.

Examples: digestive system, respiratory Examples: digestive system, respiratory system, system,

Organisms: Independent Organisms: Independent LivingLiving

Anything that can live on its own is an Anything that can live on its own is an organism.organism.

A single cell living on its own is called A single cell living on its own is called unicellular.unicellular.

An organism that exist only as a group of An organism that exist only as a group of cells is called cells is called multicellular.multicellular.

PopulationsPopulations

A group of organisms of the same kind A group of organisms of the same kind living in the same area.living in the same area.

Examples: deer population in a forest, Examples: deer population in a forest, people in a specific town or city, oak people in a specific town or city, oak trees in a foresttrees in a forest

CommunitiesCommunities

Two or more populations living in the Two or more populations living in the same areasame area

Example: foxes, oak trees, lizards, Example: foxes, oak trees, lizards, flowers, and many more make up the flowers, and many more make up the forest community.forest community.

People, dogs, cats, and many more People, dogs, cats, and many more organism make your hometown organism make your hometown communitycommunity

EcosystemEcosystem

It is the community and all of the It is the community and all of the nonliving things that effect it, such as nonliving things that effect it, such as water, soil, temperature, and light. water, soil, temperature, and light.

Complete the following Complete the following sentence.sentence.

CellsCells are related to _____________ in are related to _____________ in the same way that _____________ are the same way that _____________ are related related to organ systemto organ system..

Cell TheoryCell Theory In 1839 Theodor Schwann wrote the first In 1839 Theodor Schwann wrote the first

two parts of the cell theory:two parts of the cell theory:All organisms are composed on one or All organisms are composed on one or

more cells.more cells.The cell is the basic unit of life in all living The cell is the basic unit of life in all living

things.things.In 1858 Rudolf Virchow wrote the third In 1858 Rudolf Virchow wrote the third

theory:theory:All cells come from existing cells.All cells come from existing cells.

What do all cells have?What do all cells have?

Cell membrane-Cell membrane- controls the passage of controls the passage of materials in and out of the cellmaterials in and out of the cell

DNADNA-controls all the activities of the cell -controls all the activities of the cell and contains the information need for and contains the information need for new cells.new cells.

CytoplasmCytoplasm-the fluid and almost -the fluid and almost everything in iteverything in it

OrganellesOrganelles-structures within the cell-structures within the cell

Two Types of CellsTwo Types of Cells

ProkaryoticProkaryotic

No nucleusNo nucleus

No membrane covered No membrane covered organellesorganelles

Circular DNACircular DNA

BacteriaBacteria

EukaryoticEukaryotic

NucleusNucleus

Membrane covered Membrane covered organellesorganelles

Linear DNALinear DNA

All other cellsAll other cells

Animal CellAnimal Cell

Organelles in Animal CellOrganelles in Animal Cell

Cell membraneCell membrane LysosomesLysosomes NucleusNucleus NucleolusNucleolus Nuclear membraneNuclear membrane vacuolesvacuoles mitochondriamitochondria

Golgi bodyGolgi body CytoplasmCytoplasm RibosomesRibosomes Smooth ERSmooth ER Rough ERRough ER centrosomescentrosomes

Plant CellPlant Cell

Organelles In Plant CellOrganelles In Plant CellOrganelles in yellow are only found in plant Organelles in yellow are only found in plant cellscells

Cell wallCell wall

Cell membraneCell membrane

Vacuoles (large)Vacuoles (large)

NucleusNucleus

NucleolusNucleolus

Nuclear membraneNuclear membrane

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

mitochondriamitochondria

CytoplasmCytoplasm

AmyloplastAmyloplast

CentrosomeCentrosome

Rough ERRough ER

Smooth ERSmooth ER

RibosomesRibosomes

Golgi bodyGolgi body

Bacteria CellsBacteria Cells

Structure of Bacteria CellStructure of Bacteria Cell

NucleolusNucleolus

The nucleolus primary function is to The nucleolus primary function is to assemble ribosomes, is the largest assemble ribosomes, is the largest structure in the cell nucleus.structure in the cell nucleus.