cells theory, structure, function. what is a cell? the smallest unit that can carry on all the...
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Cells
Theory, Structure, Function
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What is a Cell?
The smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life
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Robert Hooke
1665 Cork Cells “A lot of little
boxes” Dead Cells
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1673 Hand lens First live cells
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Schleiden
1838 observed that
plants are composed of cells
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Schwann
1839 observed that all
animals are composed of cells
Yes humans are animals
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Virchow
1858 observed that
cells come from other cells (reproduction)
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Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. The basic unit of structure and function within an organism is the cell.
3. All cells arise from existing cells.
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Create a Timeline
Must include: Accurate time increments 4 Pictures Descriptions of each scientist
accomplishment Schleiden Hooke Schwann Van Leeuwenhoek Virchow
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What is a Prokaryote?
An organism that lacks a nucleus
Lacks other membrane bound organelles
Ex. Bacteria
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What is a eukaryote?
Organism that has a well defined nucleus
Contains membrane-bound organelles
Some Specialized cells can function without a nucleus, Ex. Red blood cells
Ex. Plants, Fungi, Animals, Humans
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Create a T-Chart
With your shoulder partner create a T-chart that state the Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.
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What are the two types of organisms?
Unicellular – a complete living organism that consists of only one cell Examples – bacteria
Multicellular – a living organism consisting of more then one cell Examples – animals, plants
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Level of Organization
Cell tissue Organ Organs system Organism
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What is an organelle?
A cell component that performs specific functions Example – nucleus, cell membrane
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Cell Membrane
The outer boundary of the cell
Gives shape and flexibility to the cell
Is semi-permeable
Security guard
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Mitochondria
Breaks down food molecules and releases energy in the form of ATP
Battery/Generator
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Chloroplast
Only found in Plants Green Site of Photosynthesis
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Golgi Apparatus
Receives proteins from ER and chemically modifies them
Processes, packages, and secretes cell products
Uses vesicles for transport
UPS
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Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis
Can be attached to the ER or float loose in the cell
Line workers
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER with ribosomes
Smooth ER w/out ribosomes
Prepares proteins for export
breaks down toxic substances;
Can be rough or smooth
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Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes
Digests and rids the cell of waste
Prevents bacteria and viruses from invading
Performs: Program Cell
Death
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Nucleus
The cells brain Contains
chromosomes (DNA)
Involved in protein synthesis
Boss/Manager
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Nucleolus
The nucleolus is within the nucleus.
ribosome RNA are synthesized
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Cell Wall
Only in plant cells Thicker then the
membrane Relatively
inflexible Protects and
supports the cell
Block wall
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Cytoplasm
Semi-fluid material inside a cell
Nutrient rich
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Major cell organelles
Cilia and Flagella Hair-like organelles that extend beyond the
surface of the cell Assist in movement
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Vacuole
Sack of fluid surrounded by a membrane
Stores food, enzymes or waste.
Animals cells typically have many small ones
Plant cells typically have one large one
Storage closet
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Plant cell vs. Animal cell
Plant Cells have: Cell Wall One Large vacuole Plastids (stores food or pigment which
give color to plant) Chloroplast Solar panel
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Closing Quiz Cells
1. Which organelle propels a cell through an environment? Hint there are two possible answers.(1 pt)
2. Which organelle is the final processing center for a protein? (1pt)
3. Which three organelles are present in plant cells but not animal cells? (3 pts)
4. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? (1 pt)