cellular energy - nauset public schools
TRANSCRIPT
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Cellular EnergyTopic 3.4
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Energy
• All living systems require constant input of energy
• Energy-related pathways in biological systems are sequential to allow for more controlled and efficient transfer of energy
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Energy
• Energy input must exceed energy loss to maintain order and to power cellular processes
• Cellular processes that release energy may be coupled with cellular processes that require energy
• Loss of order or energy flow results in death
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Energy Pathway
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What is free energy?
• Maximum amount of available energy to do work
Video 12:59
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What does a change in Gibbs free energy (∆G ) mean?
• If ∆G is less than 0, then the reaction will release energy (exergonic) – reactions occur spontaneously (not quickly though)
• If ∆G is greater than 0, then the reaction absorbs energy (endergonic) – reactions do not occur spontaneously
• If ∆G is equal to 0, then the system is at equilibrium
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Energy Coupling
• The transfer of energy from one reaction to another in order to drive second reaction
• Cells make endergonic reactions happen by supplying them with free energy released by exergonic reactions
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Photosynthesis
• Endergonic reaction
• ∆G = 686 kcal/mol of energy
• ∆G > 0, the reaction absorbs energy from the sun and stores energy in the chemical bonds of glucose
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Cellular Respiration
• Exergonic reaction
• ∆G = - 686 kcal/mol of energy
• ∆G < 0, the reaction releases energy when glucose is metabolized
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Synthesis of ATP
• ADP + Pi → ATP
• Endergonic
• ∆G = 7.3 kcal/mol of energy
• ∆G > 0, the reaction absorbs energy when ADP is bonded to inorganic phosphate to produce ATP
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Hydrolysis of ATP
• ATP → ADP + Pi
• Exergonic
• ∆G = - 7.3 kcal/mol of energy
• ∆G < 0, the reaction releases energy when the terminal (last) inorganic phosphate is removed from ATP to produce ADP