cellular respiration and photosynthesis. cellular respiration cellular respiration: the breakdown of...
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Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration: The breakdown of food (glucose) for energy
Takes place in all organisms: a. Plants b. Animals c. Bacteria d. One-celled paramecium and amoeba.
A process that occurs continuously in all organisms.
Useable Energy• ATP: energy used at the cellular level
1.mitosis 2. protein production3. active transport
ATP is also used by the body4. movement 5. breathing 6. thinking…etc…
Useable Energy
• ATP is made in two ways:
– Aerobic Cellular Respiration: if oxygen is used
– Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: if oxygen is not used
ATP ATP • Also known as Adenosine
Triphosphate.
It contains:1. Adenine - contains nitrogen
2. A sugar called ribose
3. 3 phosphates with
2 high energy phosphate bonds
Recycled ATP
• RemovingRemoving A A Phosphate Group Phosphate Group From ATP Releases From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADPEnergy & forms ADP
•AddingAdding A Phosphate A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Group To ADP stores Energy in ATPEnergy in ATP
Remove
Add
ATP ADP + P
AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
• Takes place in the mitochondria of plants and animals
• Oxygen is necessary•
• SUMMARY EQUATION: C6H12O6 + O12 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + 36 ATP
3 Steps - AEROBIC RESPIRATION
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb’s Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain
4.
Aerobic respiration Step 1 is called Glycolysis
Kreb’scycle
Glucose
Glycolysis in theCytoplasm
PyruvatePyruvate
Electron Transport Chain
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
• FERMENTATION: - also known as anaerobic respiration– Carried out where oxygen is lacking– Still uses glucose as fuel
• Two types:– Lactic Acid Fermentation:
• Makes 2 ATP• Associated with muscle fatigue
– Ethyl Alcohol Fermentation:• Makes 2 ATP• Important to the brewing and baking industries
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONvs.
AEROBIC RESPIRATION Glucose Glucose
Glycolysis in the cytoplasm
pyruvatepyruvate
Glycolysisin the cytoplasm
pyruvatepyruvate
Electron TransportChain
Kreb’s Cycle
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATIONvs.
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Kreb’s Cycle
Pyruvate
Photosynthesis• Photosynthesis:
process where plants use sunlight to make (glucose)
– The energy for life comes from the Sun
•
Photosynthesis• SUMMARY EQUATION:
6CO2 + 6H2O + C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight glucose + oxygen
Photosynthesis - starts with light
Photosynthesis• Chloroplasts: organelles that carry on photosynthesis
Follow the sun’s path.
1. Sun’s rays hits a leaf 2. Enters into a plant cell 3. Enters into a chloroplast 4. Enters into thylakoid membrane (where photosynthesis takes place)
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Where in the Chloroplasts doesPhotosynthesis occur?
Thylakoid membrane
They need one another
(glucose)
Also during Photosynthesis
Photolysis - the process where sunlight splits water
this. H2O + sunlight H + O + electrons The Oxygen from photolysis is the air we breathe
Respiration and Photosynthesis
Respiration Photosynthesis
Organelle:
Reactants:
Produces:
Organism:
When does it take place?:
Mitochondria Chloroplast
O2 and C6H12O6
Sunlight, CO2
and H2O
Energy (ATP) Food (C6H12O6)
Animals and Plants
Plants
All the time (24/7)
Only during sunlight