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Cellular Uptake of Glucose

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Page 1: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

Cellular Uptake of Glucose

Page 2: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled
Page 3: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled
Page 4: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

– 80-110 mg/dl euglycemia

– < 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia

– > 150-200 mg/dl after CHO meal (ie, below Tmax)

– > 300-600 mg/dl uncontrolled diabetes

Cellular Uptake of Glucose1.) Gradient usually exists ECF>ICF (HK keeps ICF low)

2.) Glucose is polar, therefore is hydrophilicFacilitated diffusion occurs via 5 glucose transporters GLUT 1 GLUT 5

Page 5: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

Annimation of Glucose uptake

http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/insulin_phys.html
http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/insulin_phys.html
Page 6: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

Kinetics of Facilitated Diffusion

Page 7: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

– Based on concentration gradient

Cellular Uptake of Glucose3.) Unregulated glucose uptake

– GLUT 1, 2, 3 & 5 (liver, neurons, RBC, kidney)4.) Regulated glucose uptake

– Insulin on GLUT 4 (muscle, adipose)

5.) Insulin -- Pancreas cells & Chains– 3 disulfide bondsInsulin receptor -- membrane 4 subunits GLUT 4 translocation fromintracellular storage sites to membrane glucose

uptake 10-20x within 5 min.

Page 8: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

Glucose Transport Proteins

Page 9: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

GLUT Transporters: 1,2,3 & 5

Page 10: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

InsulinA chain 21AA

B chain 30AAS

S SS

Insulin Receptor

S S

B Subunits

A Subunits

Tyrosine Kinase (Autophosphorylate)

Fully active Tyrosine Kinase now can phosphorylate (activate/deactivate) intracellular enzymes

Activates PDE cAMP

activates PP-1 / dephosphorylates GS and PKA

EPI inhibits insulin receptor and release

Page 11: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled
Page 12: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled
Page 13: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled
Page 14: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

CP and ATP Use During Exercise

Myokinase reaction 2 ADP ATP + AMP

Page 15: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

Changes in ATP,ADP and AMP

Page 16: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled
Page 17: Cellular Uptake of Glucose. –80-110 mg/dl euglycemia –< 45 mg/dl hypoglycemia –> 150-200 mg/dlafter CHO meal (ie, below T max ) –> 300-600 mg/dluncontrolled

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