cengİz enerjİ sanayİ ve tİc. a.Ş. · 2020. 11. 9. · cengİz enerjİ sanayİ ve tİc. a.Ş....

CENGİZ ENERJİ SANAYİ VE TİC. A.Ş.

CENGİZ NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER

PLANT CAPACITY ADDITION

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

Conducted By

EN-ÇEV ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY

CENGİZ NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT CAPACITY ADDITION

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT i

PROJECT OWNER: CENGİZ ENERJI SANAYİ VE TİCARET A.Ş.

PROJECT NAME: CENGİZ NATURAL GAS COMBINED CYCLE

POWER PLANT CAPACITY ADDITION

LOCATION: SAMSUN / TURKİYE

REPORT PREPARED BY:

EN-ÇEV ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY

AUGUST 2012

NAME POSITION Özer Emrah Öztürk Project Coordinator Merve Demir Chemical Engineer Yucel Suat Güngör Environmental Engineer Gözde Gökçe Hydrogeology Engineer Efsun Ağırtas Biologist Merve Yıldızalp Sociologist


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ v

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... viii

ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... ix

1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................. 7

2.1 Policies ................................................................................................................................ 7

2.1.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation ............................................. 7

2.1.2 World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) ..................................... 7

2.1.2.1. Requirements of Equator Principles ............................................................................ 7

2.2. Legal and Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................... 9

2.3 Institutions ......................................................................................................................... 11

3.PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 12

3.1.General Project Activity ................................................................................................... 12

3.2. Location of the Project ..................................................................................................... 29

4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE DATA ............................................................................ 34

4.1. Physical, Biological and Social Environment .................................................................. 34

4.1.1 Geological Characteristics ............................................................................................. 34

4.1.2 Soil Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 43

4.1.3 Land Use ........................................................................................................................ 46

4.1.4 Topography ......................................................................................................... 50

4.1.5 Water Resources ............................................................................................................ 53

4.1.6 Climatology .................................................................................................................... 59

4.1.7 Water Quality ................................................................................................................. 83

4.1.8 Ambient Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 86

4.1.9 Noise .............................................................................................................................. 92

4.1.10. Archaeological and Cultural Resources ...................................................................... 93

4.2. Biological Enivronment ................................................................................................... 93

4.2.1 Flora ............................................................................................................................... 93

4.2.2. Fauna ........................................................................................................................... 100

4.2.3. Aquatic Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................. 107

4.2.4. Sensitive Zones ........................................................................................................... 118


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT iii

4.3. Social Environment ........................................................................................................ 125

4.3.1. Economy ..................................................................................................................... 125

4.3.1.1. Agricultural Production ........................................................................................... 125

4.3.1.2. Organic Farming ...................................................................................................... 126

4.3.1.3. Animal Production ................................................................................................... 126

4.3.1.4. Industrial Activities .................................................................................................. 130

4.3.1.5. Tourism .................................................................................................................... 130

4.3.2. Demography ................................................................................................................ 131

4.3.3. Education .................................................................................................................... 131

4.3.4. Health .......................................................................................................................... 132

4.3.5. Cultural Services ......................................................................................................... 135

4.3.6. Urban and Rural Land Usage in the Vicinity of the Project ....................................... 137

4.3.7. Income and Unemployment ........................................................................................ 138

5. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .................................................................. 140

5.1 Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment in the Construction Phase ................ 140

5.1.1 Topography and Soils .................................................................................................. 140

5.1.2 Air Emissions ............................................................................................................... 141

5.1.3 Noise ............................................................................................................................ 145

5.1.4 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 147

5.1.5 Water Usage and Quality ............................................................................................. 147

5.1.6.Wastes ......................................................................................................................... 148

5.1.7 Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................................ 151

5.1.8 Demographic ................................................................................................................ 151

5.1.9 Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................................... 152

5.2. Impacts on Physical and Biological Environment in the Operation Phase .................... 153

5.2.1 Topography and Soils .................................................................................................. 153

5.2.2 Air Emissions ............................................................................................................... 157

5.2.3 Noise ............................................................................................................................ 167

5.2.4 Hydrology .................................................................................................................... 171

5.2.5 Water Usage and Quality ............................................................................................. 171

5.2.6 Wastes .......................................................................................................................... 180

5.2.7 Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................................ 185


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT iv

5.2.8 Land Use ...................................................................................................................... 188

5.2.9 Social Environment ...................................................................................................... 188

5.2.10 Occupational Health and Safety ....................................................................... 190

6. MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................ 192

7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ..................................................................................... 198

7.1 Site .................................................................................................................................. 198

7.2 Fuel Types ....................................................................................................................... 198

7.3 Technology ..................................................................................................................... 200

7.4. The "Do Nothing" Scenario ........................................................................................... 200

8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...................................................... 201

8.1.MONITORING .................................................................................................................. 202

8.1.1.Monitoring Program During the Construction Phase .................................................. 202

8.1.2.Monitoring Program during the Operation Phase ........................................................ 204

8.1.3.Post-Operation Period .................................................................................................. 205

9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ............................................................. 207

9.1 Purpose, Structure and Content ....................................................................................... 207

9.2 Public Consultation and Disclosure Meetings ................................................................ 208

9.3. Grievance Mechanism ................................................................................................... 209


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT v

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Composition of Petroleum and Natural Gas .............................................................................................. 12 Table 2. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years (MWh), 2004-2009. ................ 13 Table 3. Energy Demands For 2006-2013 .............................................................................................................. 15 Table 4. Thermal Power Calculation ....................................................................................................................... 18 Table 5. Characteristics of Natural Gas to be taken from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş. .................................... 18 Table 6. NGCCPP Current Status ........................................................................................................................... 19 Table 7. Units to be added with NGCCPP Capacity addition ................................................................................. 20 Table 8. UTM Coordinates of the Project Area ...................................................................................................... 29 Table 9 Pipe line (from the Pool to the Sea) .............................................................................................................. 30 Table 10. Earthquakes Measured on the Project Area and its Vicinity and their relevant Magnitudes. .................. 40 Table 11. Land Distribution in the Province of Samsun ......................................................................................... 43 Table 12. Basic Information about Agriculture According to 2007 Statistical Data ............................................... 46 Table 13. Distribution of Agricultural Lands .......................................................................................................... 47 Table 14. Cereals Growing and Production ............................................................................................................ 47 Table 15. Legumes Growing and Production .......................................................................................................... 48 Table 16. Forage Crops Growing and Production ................................................................................................... 48 Table 17. Industrial Plants Growing and Production .............................................................................................. 48 Table 18. Number of Fruits and Trees and Production ........................................................................................... 48 Table 19. Area, production and yield of vegetable crops ........................................................................................ 49 Table 20. 1975-2010 Samsun Meteorology Station Pressure Values during the Years 1975-2010 ........................ 59 Table 21 Samsun Meteorology Station Temperature Values Between 1975-2010 ................................................. 60 Table 22. Samsun Weather Station Precipitation Values Between 1975-2010 ....................................................... 61 Table 23 Largest Precipitation Values Observed at Standard Times ...................................................................... 62 Table 24. Rainy, Misty, Hail and Frosty Days Between 1975-2010 ....................................................................... 65 Table 25. Cloudy, Closed and Open Days Between 1975-2010 ............................................................................. 66 Table 26. Samsun Meteorology Station Relative Humidity Values Between 1975-2010 ....................................... 67 Table 27. Samsun Meteorology Station Evaporation Values Between 1975-2010 ................................................. 68 Table 28. Total Number of Wind Blows Between 1975-2010 ................................................................................ 69 Table 29. Total Number of Seasonal Blows Between 1975-2010 ........................................................................... 71 Table 30 Average Wind Speed According to Directions Between 1975-2010 ....................................................... 76 Table 31. Seasonal Wind Blow Speeds Between 1975-2010 .................................................................................. 77 Table 32. Monthly Average Wind Rates Between 1975-2010 ................................................................................ 82 Table 33. Number of Stormy Days and Strong Windy Days Between 1975-2010 ................................................. 83 Table 34. Annual Quantities of Gasoline and Diesel Use ....................................................................................... 89 Table 35. Annual Vehicle Types and Numbers ....................................................................................................... 89 Table 36. Main Sources of NOX .............................................................................................................................. 91 Table 37. Distances of Measurement Locations to the Project Site ........................................................................ 93 Table 38. Flora Table ............................................................................................................................................... 96 Table 39. Fauna Table / Bird Species List ............................................................................................................ 101 Table 40 .Phytoplankton Samples Taken with the Niskin Bottle .......................................................................... 111 Table 41. Samples Taken with the Phytoplankton Bucket .................................................................................... 112 Table 42. Samples taken with a Zooplankton Bucket ........................................................................................... 113 Table 43. Samples of Macrobentic Species ........................................................................................................... 114 Table 44. Black Sea Fish Species .......................................................................................................................... 116 Table 45. Reproduction Periods of Fish Species in the Black Sea ....................................................................... 117 Table 46. Distribution of Agricultural Lands ...................................................................................................... 125 Table 47. Basic Information on Agriculture according to Statistical Data , ......................................................... 126 Table 48. Animal Presence in Samsun .................................................................................................................. 127


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT vi

Table 49. 2011Animal Presence by Districts ........................................................................................................ 127 Table 50. Activity Status of Poultry Enterprises ................................................................................................... 128 Table 51. In 2011 Beekeeping Activities ............................................................................................................. 128 Table 52. 2011 Milk Production by Districts ....................................................................................................... 128 Table 53. Wool, Hair and Angora Production with Number of Animals .............................................................. 129 Table 54. Number of Animals Slaughtered by Years ............................................................................................ 129 Table 55. Number of Samsun Industry by Sectors ................................................................................................ 130 Table 56. Tekkeköy district 2011 population data ................................................................................................ 131 Table 57. Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) by provinces and immigration, migration and net migration rate ................................................................................................................................................... 131 Table 58. The Distribution Of Educational Status Of The Population .................................................................. 132 Table 59. Distribution of Health Institutions and Private Hospitals in 2007 by Locations ................................... 133 Table 60. Distribution of notifiable diseases districts occurred in 2008 ............................................................... 134 Table 61. Various Cultural Statistical Data , ......................................................................................................... 135 Table 62. The level of employment by kind of businesses ................................................................................... 138 Table 63.Unemployment-Population Information 2008 ....................................................................................... 138 Table 64. Labour data in the province of Samsun ................................................................................................. 139 Table 65. General Properties of the Tüpraş-404 Diesel Fuel................................................................................. 141 Table 66. Release Factors of Pollution Emitted from Vehicles (kg/t) ................................................................... 142 Table 67. Emission Factors from diesel Vehicles (kg/h) ....................................................................................... 142 Table 68. Construction Machnies to be used on the Activity Area ....................................................................... 143 Table 69. Plant Area Dust Emission Factors and Emission Flows (land preparation phase)) ............................... 144 Table 70. Dust Emission Factors and Emission Pipeline Flows (land preparation phase) .................................... 145 Table 71. Values according to the distances of noise levels which will ocur in construction stage ...................... 146 Table 72. Liquid Waste Amount During the Construction Phase ......................................................................... 148 Table 73. Solid Waste to emerge during the Construction Phase of the Project .................................................. 149 Table 74. pH+ Distribution in Lands of Turkey According to Regions ............................................................... 154 Table 75. Criteria for Soil Acidification Sensitivity.............................................................................................. 156 Table 76. Properties of Natural Gas to be Taken from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş ....................................... 158 Table 77. Flue Properties of the Gas Turbine........................................................................................................ 159 Table 78. Industrial Based Air Pollution Control Regulation -Mass debits ......................................................... 161 Table 79. Chimney Parameters ............................................................................................................................. 162 Table 80. Concentration values of the emissions that might be released from the plant ....................................... 162 Table 81. Pollutant Mass Debit Values .................................................................................................................. 162 Table 82. Regulation for evaluation and management of air pollution Table 2.2 :Long term, short term limit values in the Facility Impact Area and Gradual Reduction Table ......................................................................... 163 Table 83. Regulation for Air quality evaluation and management Annex-1A: Gradual reduction in long term and short term limit values during temporary period .................................................................................................... 163 Table 84. Regulation on Air quality evaluation and management Annex-1.B .................................................... 165 Table 85. Regulation for Large combustion Plants Annex- 4 Emission Limit Values For Gas Turbines ............ 166 Table 86. Air Emissions from Gas Turbines ......................................................................................................... 167 Table 87. The Equipments used within the Project and its technical specifications ............................................. 168 Table 88. Environmental noise limit levels for the Industrial plants given in Table-4, ANNEX-VII of Turkish Assessment of Environmental Noise Regulation. .................................................................................................. 169 Table 89. The values of Noise levels to occur in actuating inaccording to the distances ...................................... 170 Table 90. Noise Level Guidelines of IFC General EHS Guideline ....................................................................... 171 Table 91. Softening, Demineralization, Regeneration, Active Carbon Washing and Regeneration Plants, Water Pollution Control Regulation Table 20.7 ............................................................................................................... 175 Table 92. Pollutants and Average Concentrations in Domestic Qualified Wastewaters ....................................... 175


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT vii

Table 93. Qualified Domestic Wastewater Discharge Criteria, Water Pollution and Control Regulations, Table 21.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 177 Table 94. Input-Output water temperatures in the process ................................................................................... 179 Table 95. Applicable Criteria for Deep Sea Discharge ......................................................................................... 179 Table 96. Qualified Domestic Wastewater Discharge Criteria, Water Pollution and Control Regulations, Table 21.1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 181 Table 97. Sector: Water Softening, Demineralization and Regeneration, Activated Carbon Washing and Regeneration Plants, Water Pollution and Control Regulations, Table 20.7 ......................................................... 182 Table 98. Inlet-outlet water temperatures in Process ............................................................................................ 182 Table 99. Applicable Criteria for Deep Sea Discharge ......................................................................................... 183 Table 100. Samsun and the surrounding Region Yearly Electricity Consumption (MWh), 1995-2005. .............. 189 Table 101 Environmental Impacts and Planned Mitigation Activities in the Construction Phase ........................ 192 Table 102 Environmental Impacts and Planned Mitigation Activities in the Operation Phase ............................. 194 Table 103. Air Emission Values of Alternative Energy Production Plants .......................................................... 199 Table 104 Legal framework for environmental compliance ................................................................................. 201


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT viii

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years 1995-2005.............................. 14 Figure 2. NGCCPP Work Flow Scheme ................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 3. Typical Natural Gas Combine Cycle Power Plant ................................................................................... 24 Figure 4. Flow Process Chart of Plant .................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 5. Process Representative Image ................................................................................................................. 26 Figure 6. Process Flow Diagram ............................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 7. Satellite Image of the Project Area (1) .................................................................................................... 30 Figure 8. Satellite Image of the Project Area (2) ....................................................................................................... 31 Figure 9. The photo showing the project site .......................................................................................................... 32 Figure 10. Representative Photo ............................................................................................................................... 32 Figure 11. Stratigraphic Cross-Section of the Study Area and its Vicinity ............................................................. 35 Figure 12. Earthquake Map of the Project Area ...................................................................................................... 42 Figure 13. Active Fault Map of the Project Area .................................................................................................... 43 Figure 14. Land Features of the Project Area ......................................................................................................... 44 Figure 15. Topographical Status ............................................................................................................................. 51 Figure 16. Pressure Distribution Graphic Between 1975-2010............................................................................... 59 Figure 17. Graphic of the Distribution of Temperature Values Between 1975-2010 ............................................. 60 Figure 18. Rainfall Distribution Graphic Between 1975-2010 ............................................................................... 61 Figure 19. Samsun Meteorology Station Rainfall-Intensity-Time Repeat Curves .................................................. 64 Figure 20. Distribution of Rainy, Misty, Hail and Frosty Days Between 1975-2010 ............................................. 66 Figure 21. Distribution Map of Cloudy, Closed and Open Days Between 1975-2010 ........................................... 67 Figure 22. Distribution Map of Relative Humidity (%) Between 1975-2010 ......................................................... 68 Figure 23. Distribution Graphic of Evaporation (mm) Between 1975-2010 .......................................................... 69 Figure 24. Wind Diagram According to Number of Blows Between 1975-2010 .................................................. 71 Figure 25 Wind Diagram of Seasonal Number of Wind Blows Between 1975-2010 ............................................. 73 Figure 26. Diagram of Monthly Number of Blows Between 1975-2000 ................................................................ 75 Figure 27. Diagram of Wind Rates According to the Long Years Blowing Rates ................................................. 77 Figure 28. Diagram of Seasonal Average Wind Rates by Directions ..................................................................... 79 Figure 29. Diagram of Monthly Average Wind Rates by Directions ...................................................................... 81 Figure 30. Graphic of Monthly Average Wind Rates ............................................................................................. 82 Figure 31. Number of Stormy Days, Strong Windy Days Between 1975-2010 ..................................................... 83 Figure 32. Air Quality of Samsın (1-2) Province .................................................................................................... 87 Figure 33. Distribution by Year of the Number of Companies being issued an Emission Licence ........................ 88 Figure 34. Samsun 2010 Air Quality – Source: MoEF, www. havaizleme.gov.tr ................................................ 90 Figure 35. Tekkeköy 2010 Air Quality – Source: MoEF, www. havaizleme.gov.tr ............................................. 90 Figure 36. Regions of Turkey Phytogeography (Davis P.H, Harper P.C. and Hege, I.C. (eds.), 1971. Plant Life of South-West Asia. The Botanical Society o f Edinburgh) ......................................................................................... 94 Figure 37. Vegetation Formations of the Black Sea Phytogeography Region ........................................................ 95 Figure 38. Sampling Stations ................................................................................................................................ 109 Figure 39. Equivalent noise level impact distance ................................................................................................ 146 Figure 40. Impact Distances of equivalent noise levels ........................................................................................ 170 Figure 41. Flow Diagram Related to Water Use at Plant Units ............................................................................ 172 Figure 42. The energy demand projection between 2010 and 2019 (low demand) .............................................. 200


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ix

ABBREVIATIONS A.Ş. INC.

ÇGDYY Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise

DSİ State Hydraulic Works

EHS Environmental, Health and Safety

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EP Equator Principles

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

GHGs Green House Gases

IFC International Finance Corporation

IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature

MT Monitoring Team

MTA Mineral Research and Exploration

RCIOAP Regulation on the Control of Industrial Origin Air Pollution

RCWP Regulation on the Control of Water Pollution

SAN. IND.

ŞTİ. CO.

TİC. TRADE

TÜİK Turkey Statistics Corporation

g gram

ha hektar

Hz hertz

kg kilogram

km kilometer

m meter


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT x

m2 meter square

m³ kubic meter

mm milimeter

no. number

PM Particular Matter

s second

‰ per mille

kW kilowatt = 103 watt

MW Megawatt = 103kW

GW Gigawatt = 103MW

TW Terawatt = 103 GW

kWh kilowatt – hour (103 watt-saat)

GWh Gigawatt – hour (106 kWh)

TWh Terawatt – hour (109 kWh)


ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1

1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed Project aims a capacity addition for the existing “Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant” located in the Province of Samsun, Tekkeköy District, Selyeri Region which is owned by Cengiz Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş.

With an increase of 610 MW (610MWe - 628,3MWm - 1168,6MWt) the total capacity of the plant is expected to be 850 MW (850MWe – 875,5MWm - 1628,5MWt). After capacity addition, the power plant is expected to produce an annual electricity of approximately 6375 GWh, in which natural gas will be used as fuel like the existing/operating facility.

The Project site is determined as “Energy Generation Plant Facility Area” in the 1/5000 scale Master Development Plan, which remains on the section of 46.000 m2 of an area of 132.862,94 m2 registered with plot number F36c05a and parcel number 3756 in the title deed.

As the amount of capacity addition to be conducted on installed power at the plant falls in to the , Annex-I List 2.a. “Thermal Power Plants with a total thermal power of 300 MWt (Megawatt Thermal) and greater and other Combustion Systems” of the EIA Regulation which entered into force after being published in the Official Gazette No. 26939, dated 17.07.2008, an EIA report has been prepared and the “EIA Positive Certificate” on 17.08.2011 was issued for the project which means the EIA report has found satisfied by the relevant authorities. “EIA Positive Certificate” is given in Annex-1.

Moreover, regarding the supply of water that will be needed in the subsequent process for cooling water, the “Deep Sea Discharge” Project was presented to the MoEF and the EIA Positive Certificated was issued under the dated 12.01.2010. Project approval of “Deep Sea Discharge” is given in Annex-2.

In connection with the project, the construction of an additional land and sea pipeline (1750 m2 land line, 2500 m2 DDD underwater line) will be realized with the deep sea discharge system on the area registered with plot number F36c05a and parcel number 3715 in the title deed. Final report on sea water intake and discharge pipelines design project is given in Annex-3.

The area on which the project will be established is owned by the ETİ Bakır A.Ş. Samsun Enterprise. A rental agreement has been conducted between the mentioned company and Cengiz Enerji Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş in respect to the usage of the parcel no. 3756. The certificate of title and rental agreement are given in Annex-4.

Natural gas will be used as the only fuel at the facility and natural gas storage will not be conducted. In the event that natural gas cannot be provided to the facility, any other raw material will not be used and the facility will not continue to its activity. The fuel to be used will be supplied from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş, which is one of the companies in the Energy unit of Cengiz Holding and the total hourly natural gas consumption will be 170.000m3.

The aim of the Project is to increase the energy production by increasing the capacity at the energy production facility having low cost and high efficiency. Natural gas to be used within the scope of the project is planned to be supplied from the natural gas pipeline of BOTAŞ (Petroleum Transportation with Pipelines Inc.) which is located to the east of the project site. SAMGAZ Doğal Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş will actualize natural gas intake from the BOTAŞ pipeline in order conduct the distribution of natural gas in the province of Samsun. The “Gas Fired



Combined Cycle Power Plant” which of the capacity is planned to be increased within the scope of the project, will take the natural gas required for energy generation from the pipelines of SAMGAZ Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş.

The facility at which a capacity addition is planned will be operated as combined cycle. The combined cycle system benefits from exhaust gases emerging from the gas turbine by means of a waste heat boiler and steam is produced. Than it is taken to steam turbines and electrical energy generation is continued. In this way, high efficiency electric power generation is performed at the facility.

Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant is designed in 2 blocks and electricity will be produced in both blocks with one new technology LMS Gas Turbine. With the use of the exhaust from these two gas turbines, there will be two HRSG Waste Heat Boilers (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) that will produce steam. Steam to be obtained from these boilers will be sent to one Steam Turbine unit. With the use of steam from this turbine electrical energy will be produced.

With the capacity addition, another block will be added to the facility. Thus, the plant will consist of 3 blocks.

The capacity addition of the Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant and the construction period is planned to take approximately 19 months.

Within the scope of the project the operation period of the plant is determined as 7.000 hours/year and the economic life of the project will be 30 years. The facility will operate for 11 months in a year at full load and in 3 shifts. During the construction phase of the project 100 to 300 people and during the operation phase of the project 30 people are planned to be employed.

Within the scope of the project, all technical and social infrastructure needs of the personnel to be employed will be provided from the construction site on the facility area and a dining hall, kitchen, locker space, showers, toilets, sinks as well as administrative and technical offices will be available. The drinking water and potable water of the personnel will be supplied from the city network as it may also be provided from the market in case of extra need.

Electrical energy obtained with the use of natural gas at the facility will be delivered to the national transmission line aiming to contribute to meeting the energy needs of Turkey. Electricity to be generated in the plant will be connected to the network at two points of a connection voltage of 380 kV. The connection of the facility at which a capacity addition will be conducted; will be delivered to the Cengiz 380 kV switchyard center to be newly built and from there to the Çarşamba – Altınkaya line by means of energy transmission lines to be newly established and to the San-Sal Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant in the event that it is constructed.

This report is implementing a Social and Environmental Management System that incorporates with Equator Principles. It describes and priorities the actions needed to implement mitigation measures, corrective actions and monitoring methods to manage the impacts and risks, identified in this ESIA.



The Equator Principles are a financial industry benchmark for determining, assessing and managing social & environmental risk in project financing. Key elements of Equator Principles (EP) compliance include:

• The categorization of an EP project based on the magnitude of its potential impacts and risks in accordance with the environmental and social screening criteria of the International Finance Corporation (IFC)

• The conduct of a Social and Environmental Assessment process to address the relevant

social and environmental impacts and risks of the proposed project. The Assessment should propose mitigation and management measures relevant and appropriate to the nature and scale of the proposed Project.

A Project that prepared in accordance with the EP should include;

• A description of the project and its social and environmental aspects • Maps and drawings of the project and a delineation or description of its area of

influence • Discussion of the Project’s compliance with the legal and regulatory framework, the

applicable IFC Performance Standards and the environmental and health and safety performance levels established for the project

• Key potential impacts and risks, including the identification of the affected communities • Planned mitigation and any areas of concern that need to be further addressed • The process of community engagement

Both the Turkish and World Bank's policies and equator principles have been considered during the assessment. The ESIA study has been carried out according to requirements of the current EIA Regulation of Turkish Government and the Environmental Assessment Policies and Procedures of the World Bank OP 4.01, IFC Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. Moreover, as required by the EHS Guidelines, the stringent levels and measures have been considered where the national regulations and the international guidelines differ. The environmental impacts for the proposed Project are a few in number since the Project is a capacity addition and will take place in industrial zone(Energy Generation Facility Zone). However, the potential environmental impacts were assessed and the necessary measures were determined. The potential impacts identified for Thermal Power Plants according to the EHS Guidelines1 are as follows;

1 IFC EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants



• Air Emissions

As also recommended by IFC EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants, it is important to use the cleanest fuel economically available (Natural gas preferred to oil, which is preferred to coal)2. In the proposed Project, natural gas will be used as fuel whose gas emissions are quite lower compared to other thermal systems. During the construction phase of the project, there will be formation of dust emission due to exhaust gases and excavation works from construction machines to be used as there will be no any other emissions caused by construction works. Flue gas emissions at the facility in operation [carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] will be in question. Modelling studies have been conducted for the proposed Project and it was seen that the emissions comply with both national and international limits. Besides, parameters those may affect air quality during the operational phase will be monitored and the monitoring system can be viewed on-line since continuous monitoring systems shall be installed.

• Effluents and Water Consumption

Within the scope of the project, considering that the entire water being used will return as wastewater, the total amount of domestic qualified wastewater from the personnel during the construction phase will be totally 30 m3 /day.

Domestic qualified wastewater (accommodation, WC, shower, etc.) from the personnel to be employed during the construction phase of the project will be delivered to the biological wastewater treatment plant located in the adjacent power plant which also belongs to Cengiz Holding and will be discharged with the deep sea discharge system after suitably treated accordance with the discharge standards of “Wastewater Pollution Control Regulation”. Water used in the gas turbine cooling tower will be used after being subjected to a pre-filtration and the system will operate as closed-circuit. Water decreasing to evaporation will be eliminated with water supplement from the pre-filtration. At this stage, there will be no wastewater formation. Water to be used at this stage will be supplied from the sea and will be re-discharged to the sea without undergoing any chemical alterations. There will only be a change at temperature-related parameters of water as the limit values specified in the Water Pollution Control Regulation will not be exceeded.

Domestic qualified wastewater emerging at the current plant is given to the biological treatment plant. Demin and condensation water being emerged are treated at the demineralization plant after being collected at tanks.

Based on the provision of the DSİ General Directorate Circular No. 2005/23, dated 25.07.2006 stating that “as additional water amount would force the capacity and functions of spare and tertiary drainage channels with a task of discharge high groundwater, which are opened in parallel with the irrigation system, discharge of wastewater shall strictly not permitted even if 2 IFC EHS Guidelines for Thermal Power Plants



treated and the cancellation of previously granted conditional permissions is required”, discharge to the Çoban Yatağı Drainage Channel will not be performed in any way during the operation phase of the project including the existing facilities of the investor company. For this reason, the investor company will add domestic and process based wastewater to the deep sea discharge system from where cooling water is supplied upon having treated at the regulation limit values. In this way, all liquid waste will have been discharged to the sea before underground and/or channel-discharge operations are performed.

• Solid Waste

For the amount of domestic qualified solid waste that will emerge during the construction phase of the project; the “Solid Waste Control Regulation” will be applied. With this regard, this waste will be separately collected and necessary measures will be taken in order to facilitate the disposal and evaluation of this waste, to prevent environmental pollution and to contribute to the economy.

Solid waste will not be discharged to places which would adversely affect the environment and will be collected and stored in sealed standard garbage containers by complying “Solid Waste Control Regulation”. The solid waste will be continued to be collected by the Tekkeköy Municipality in a state without giving any harm to the environment in terms of odour, dust, leakage and similar factors.

• Hazardous Material and Oil

Flammable, explosive, hazardous and toxic substances will not be used since the operation will be carried out only with construction machines, picks, shovels etc. equipment. Waste oil and grease that may emerge from the maintenance and repair work of construction machines and in order to minimize the effect of fuels harmful for human health, a waste management in compliance with the provisions of the “Hazardous Waste Control Regulation” will be provided. In case of any leakage from equipment used in the facility, the “Regulation on Point-Based Contaminated Areas and Soil Pollution Control” shall be complied and in order to minimize any substances harmful to human health and the environment the provisions of the “Hazardous Waste Control Regulation” as well as the provisions of the “Waste Oil Control Regulation” shall be followed. Hazardous waste to emerge shall be stored in red colour tanks/containers having a phrase “Waste Oil” on it and shall be transferred to disposal facilities by licensed vehicles. Any empty packages of chemicals to be used during operation of the power plant, which contact chemicals, as well as used air filters upon their replacement, would pose as hazardous wastes. During the operation phase, any kind of hazardous waste will be sent to disposal companies licensed by Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. Afterwards, the wastes will be disposed in compliance with Regulation on Hazardous Wastes.



• Noise

The results of prepared acoustic report have been evaluated according to “Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Pollution” and “IFC Environmental, Health and Safety General Guidelines”.

In the construction phase, environmental noise value will reach to 46,0 dBA where the closest settlement area is 1050 m distance. The daytime limit value determined in regulation and the guideline is 70 dBA. Therefore, no negative impact is expected. It is anticipated that the vibrations will occur by machine and equipments however, it will not affect the buildings in settlement area considering the quite much distance.

In the operation phase, the daytime noise level to be occurred at the nearest settlement is 30.2 dBA and it is below the limit values according to national regulation and also IFC EHS Guidelines.



2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 Policies

This chapter discusses the policy, legal and institutional arrangement/ framework within which this EIA was drawn. 2.1.1 National Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation The Turkish Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulation was enacted in view of the national environmental policies as a result of the accepted need of identifying environmental impacts of the defined types of plants, before they are realized. According to the correspondence between project owner and The Ministry of Environment and Urban Affairs; it was concluded that the project falls in to Annex 1(Projects require an Environmental Impact Assessment) of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation with refer to the following article;

- Article 2- Thermal power plants

a) Thermal power plants and incineration systems with a total thermal power of 300 MWt and over. With this regard, an “Environmental Impact Assessment Report” has been prepared and the process has been finalised on 17.08.2011 by obtaining the EIA Positive/Affirmative Certificate” from the Ministry of Environment And Forestry. 2.1.2 World Bank Policy on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) The World Bank requires EIA of projects proposed for Bank financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable in order to improve decision making of the Bank on the project. The Environment Strategy outlines the Bank’s approach to address the environmental challenges and ensures that Bank projects and programs integrate principles of environmental sustainability. This study is in line with the Bank's requirements. The Bank's guideline regarding the conduct of an EIA has been adequately followed by the EIA Team. 2.1.2.1. Requirements of Equator Principles The project has been prepared in accordance with the frame of the Equator Principles. All numbered principles have been evaluated in detail in the report. The principles are listed below. Principle 1: Review and Categorisation The proposed project is categorized based on the magnitude of its potential impacts.



Principle 2: Social and Environmental Assessment For each project assessed as being either Category A or Category B, the borrower has conducted a Social and Environmental Assessment process, appropriate to the nature and scale of the proposed project. Principle 3: Applicable Social and Environmental Standards The project Social and Environmental Assessment will establish the project’s compliance status with applicable IFC Performance Standards and Industry Specific EHS Guidelines. Principle 4: Action Plan and Management System For all Category A and Category B projects the borrower must prepare an Action Plan to describe and prioritise the actions needed to implement mitigation measures, corrective actions and monitoring measures necessary to manage the impacts and risks identified in the Social and Environmental Assessment. Principle 5: Consultation and Disclosure For all Category A and, as appropriate, Category B projects, consultation should take place with project affected communities in a structured and culturally appropriate manner. Materials will be made available to the public by the borrower for a reasonable minimum period in the relevant local language and in a culturally appropriate manner. Principle 6: Grievance Mechanism For all Category A and, as appropriate, Category B projects a grievance mechanism scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project will be established. The mechanism will address concerns about the project’s social and environmental performance promptly and transparently, in a culturally appropriate manner, and will be readily accessible to all segments of the affected communities. Principle 7: Independent Review For all Category A projects and, as appropriate, for Category B projects, an independent social or environmental expert not directly associated with the borrower will review the Assessment, Action Plan and consultation process documentation. Principle 8: Covenants The borrower will covenant in financing documentation to comply with applicable legislation, the Action Plan, periodic compliance reports and to decommission facilities in accordance with an agreed decommissioning plan. Principle 9: Independent Monitoring and Reporting For all Category A projects and, as appropriate, for Category B projects, an independent environmental expert(s) will be appointed to verify monitoring information. Principle 10: Public reporting by Lenders The Equator Principles are underpinned by IFC policies, standards and guidelines, including the IFC Performance Standards:

• PS1 Social & Environmental Assessment and Management System • PS2 Labour and Working Conditions • PS3 Pollution Prevention and Abatement • PS4 Community Health, Safety and Security • PS5 Land Acquisition and Involuntary Resettlement • PS6 Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Natural Resource Management • PS7 Indigenous Peoples • PS8 Cultural Heritage



In addition to the EP; The IFC’s Performance standards on social and environmental sustainability and the General and Specific (for thermal power plants) Health and Safety Guidelines has been considered during whole project. 2.2. Legal and Regulatory Framework The relevant laws that promote environmental management in Turkey have been adequately reviewed and applied by the EIA Team including the following: Regulation on the Control of Industrial Origin Air Pollution (Official Gazette Issue No

27277 of 03.07.2009 – As amended by Official Gazette Issue No 27537 of 30.03.2010) Regulation on Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise Pollution (Date:

04/06/2010, No: 27601) Water Pollution Control Regulation (Date: 31.12.2004, No: 25687) Regulation on Water for Human Consumption (Date: 17.02.2005, No: 22730) Solid Waste Control Regulation (Date: 14.03.1991, No: 20814) Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation (Date: 17.07 2008, No: 26939) Regulation on Control of Hazardous Wastes (Date: 14.03.2005, No: 25755) Regulation and Guidelines on Occupational Health and Safety (Work Law No: 4857) Regulation on Control of Waste Oils (Date: 30.07.2008, No: 26952) Regulation of Polychloride Biphenyl and Polychloride Terphenyls (PCT) (Official

Gazette Issue No 26739 of 27.12.2007) Regulation on the Large Combustion Plants (Official Gazette Issue No 27605 of

08.06.2010) Regulation on the General Principles for Waste Management (Official Gazette Issue No

26927 of 05.07.2008) Environmental Supervision Regulation (Official Gazette Issue No 27061 of

21.11.2008) Regulation on the Permissions and Licenses Required to Be Obtained As Per the

Environmental Law (Date:29.04.2009 No: 27214) Groundwater Law (Date: 23.12.1960, No: 10688) Electricity Market Law (Date: 20.2.2001, No: 4628) Natural Gas Market Law (Date: 18.4.2001, No: 4646) Environment Law (Date: 9.8.1983, No: 2872) Regulation on Control of Excavation Soil, Construction and Debris Waste (Date:

18.03.2004; No: 25406) Related EU Directives Related International Conventions (as summarized below)

Bern Convention on Protection of Wildlife and Natural Habitats This convention aims to protect the wild plant and animal species together with their natural living environments, putting special emphasis on the endangered species. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1984.



Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) CITES Convention has developed a system which set up a condition of government permission for the trading of endangered species of wild fauna and flora. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1996. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The basic aim of the Convention is to emphasize the fact that ‘wetlands are important economic, cultural, scientific and social resources and their loss is irreversible’. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1994. Biodiversity Convention (Rio Conference) The Convention establishes three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1997. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Paris The convention considers adoption of new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern scientific methods. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1983. The Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution The Convention aims to protect the Mediterranean Sea against all sorts of pollution by the Mediterranean countries. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1981. Convention on Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal The convention aims to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting from the generation, management, transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous and other wastes. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1994. Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution To create an essential framework for controlling and reducing the damage to human health and the environment caused by transboundary air pollution. Turkey has become a party to the Convention on 1994.



2.3 Institutions The related institutions related to the installation of a new natural gas driven power plant are listed as below:

• Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Abrogated Ministry of Environment And Forestry)

• Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources • Ministry of Labour and Social Security • Ministry of Science, Industry and Trade • Electricity Market Regulation Authority • State Planning Organization • General Directorate of Petroleum Works • General Directorate of Petroleum Transmission Lines Co. • Power Resources Development Administration • General Directorate of Turkish Electricity Transmission Lines Co. • General Directorate of Turkish Electricity Distribution Lines Co. • Electricity Generation Inc.

These institutions listed above are actually the stakeholders that form the framework conditions for encouragement and support of power market.



3.PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1.General Project Activity Cengiz Enerji Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş. is planned to increase the capacity of “Cengiz 240 MW Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant” to 850 MW (850MWe – 875,5MWm - 1628,5MWt) with an increase of 610 MW (610MWe - 628,3MWm - 1168,6MWt). After capacity addition, the power plant is expected to produce an annual electricity of approximately 6375 GWh, in which natural gas will be used as fuel.

The Aim, Importance and Necessity of The Project

The aim of the Project is to increase energy production by increasing the capacity at the energy production facility having low cost and high efficiency. Particularly in electricity generation, both in the world and in our country, there is a large increase in natural gas power plants. The most preferred source among fossil fuels is natural gas in terms of environment. These systems highly preferred today due to advantages such as low investment and operating costs, high efficiency, short instalment term, minimum environmental impact, high reliability and availability began also to be quickly established in our country since the 1980’s.

Table 1. Composition of Petroleum and Natural Gas Component Natural Gas Mole

Fraction Petroleum Mole Fraction

Methane (CH4 ) 0.90 0.44

Ethane (C2H6) 0.05 0.04

Propane (C3H8) 0.03 0.04

Butane(C4H10) 0.01 0.03

Pentane (C5H12) 0.01 0.02

Hex and heavier (C6H14 and higher)



Natural Gas Fuel Cycle Plants have been established by means of the law no. 3096 and relevant regulations, which entered into force in 1984 and allowed private sector institutions other than privileged companies to establish and operate electrical energy generating facilities in order to meet the electrical heat energy of their own facilities and group members.

Natural gas is the most preferred fuel within fossil energy systems and is directly combusted in gas turbines which have shown rapid technological movements in recent years. However, as the efficiency obtained in gas turbines in simple cycle is maximum at a rate of %38, Combined Cycle Systems, at which higher thermal efficiency is obtained, have become the most applied energy technologies today to generate power from natural gas.

An intense increase in the consumption of electrical energy has been experienced in Samsun and surrounding regions depending on years. As it can be seen in following tables and figures, electricity is consumed at an higher amount in the province of Samsun that the total amount of electricity consumed in the provinces of Kastamonu, Çankırı and Sinop. At the same time, when looked at the total consumed electricity amount in the provinces of Samsun, Tokat, Çorum and Amasya, only in the province of Samsun, we see that the amount of energy being consumed in Samsun forms approximately the half of the total amount consumed in the 4 provinces.

Table 2. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years (MWh), 2004-2009.

YEARS KASTAMONU, ÇANKIRI, SINOP

SAMSUN TRABZON, ORDU, GIRESUN, RIZE,

ARTVIN

SAMSUN, TOKAT, ÇORUM, AMASYA

2004 683.325 1.259.763 2.139.640 2.471.800

2005 745.725 1.390.797 2.347.769 2.685.826

2006 829.667 1.674.028 2.626.438 3.107.215

2007 915.964 1.854.457 2.930.837 3.425.399

2008 1.045.334 1.959.868 3.127.603 3.662.901

2009 1.072.596 1.927.090 3.241.115 3.623.229



Figure 1. Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Surrounding Regions by Years 1995-2005. As it can be seen from the graphic provided above, intense electricity production was not conducted in the region in proportion to the years of intense electricity consumption encountered in the province of Samsun. On the contrary, a decline has been experienced in the production of electricity in recent years.

Considering that, a substantial portion of electrical energy produced in Turkey is lost in lines during the transportation routes at energy transmission lines, the need of the region in this sense for the production of electrical energy can be clearly seen.

According to the IX. Development Plan which entered into force after being issued in the Official Gazette No. 26215, dated 01.07.2006, an increase at an average of 6,2 percent is expected in primary energy demand in proportion to economic and social development. It is foreseen that the share of 28% of natural gas in energy consumption in 2005 will increase to 34% and that the share of oil products will decrease from 37% to 31%. On the other hand, it is projected that electricity demand will show an increase of 8.1 percent per year in parallel with the developments primarily in industry production and in the service sector.

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

MW

h

Years

Total Electricity Consumption in Samsun and Its Vicinity

Kastamonu, Çankırı, Sinop

Samsun

Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Rize, Artvin



Table 3. Energy Demands For 2006-2013

Turkey’s developing and growing economic structure and its fast growing young and dynamic population raises the necessity to meet the growing energy demand at a rate of %7-8 within the next 15 years.

In parallel with the increasing number of industrial facilities with the project, it is aimed to meet the energy needs of these facilities in the region and to provide cost-effective and quality energy to consumers in compliance with the energy market legislation and regulations and within the framework of the free energy market competitive conditions.

With the realization of this planned project and other energy generation facilities, it is of great importance in terms of reliable economy and environmental impacts to solve the power shortage of Turkey in a clean way, which Turkey might face in the near future

With the capacity addition in the said facility, if compared with other power generation facilities, an environmental-friendly, relatively low cost and reliable energy source will be ensured. Technology of the Project Natural gas is a mixture of light molecular weight hydrocarbons such as methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H8). They can be found alone or in conjunction with oil underground. Like oil, natural gas is also found in the pores of rocks and reaches production wells upon flowing through rocks. Natural gas is separated at surface and contained heavy hydrocarbons (butane, pentane, etc.) are removed. Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel that we use in our homes. In the event of combustion of natural gas carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen oxides are emerging. Oil and natural gas are consisting of the same type hydrocarbon molecules as the names are given to fluids in liquid and gas phases respectively. Natural gas may be found alone in underground as it also might be found in oil reservoirs as gas hood and / or as dissolved in oil. While natural gas consists mostly of C1-C5 hydrocarbons, oil contains C1-C60 + (C60 and heavier) hydrocarbons. Dissolved gas in oil is the most important energy source that provides oil to flow into the well. The structure of a production block in a Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant and its operation mechanism is briefly as following: Each combined cycle production block contains a Gas Turbine-Engine + Gas Turbine-Motor Generator + Waste Heat Boiler + Condenser Unit + Steam Turbine + Steam Turbine Generator. In addition to these, Dry Type Cooling Towers or Water Cooled Wet Type Cooling Towers +

Energy Targets 2006 2013 2007-2013*

Primary Energy Demand (BTEP) 96.560 147.400 6,2

Electricity Energy Demand (GWH) 171.450 295.500 8,1



Water Treatment Facility + Switchgear Facility + Control and Control Systems are also included within the scope of the project3. Production blocks of Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants operate independently of each other. Electricity generation is carried out in two different stages. Natural gas mixed with air is burned in gas turbines and turns a generator which is on the same shaft of the turbine and electricity is produced at the first stage. At the same time, hot gases emerging from this combustion are sent to the waste heat boiler to produce steam from this heat. The steam having reached the necessary pressure and temperature is sent to the steam turbine and turns the turbine. By means of the generator being on the same shaft of the turbine, second stage electricity is produced. The steam from the steam turbine is condensed in condensers by means of cooling water and is converted into the water. The condensed water accumulating in the lower section of the condenser is sent to boilers for re-boiling. The steam produced in boilers, is sent to the steam turbine and the cycle is completed. To keep the maximum level of efficiency, boiler steam pressure is produced in three different levels (high, medium, low). In this way, the hot gas in boilers will be utilized as much as possible. The work flow scheme of the proposed Project is given below.

3 Electricity Generation and Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plants in Turkey (Prof. Dr. Fikret Keskinel)



Figure 2. NGCCPP Work Flow Scheme Synchronously to recent technological developments, gas turbines have reached very high efficiencies and their economy has rapidly increased. Thus, new generation industrial gas turbines have reached high reliability allowing operation for long periods with low maintenance. If evaluated in technical terms, gas turbine systems; • Kinetic energy which is created by the combustion of natural gas and air mixture (12-35 bar)

in the combustion chamber turns the generator by means of the turbine and transmission. Electrical energy is obtained through the rotation of the generator.

• The temperature at exhaust outputs of gas turbine systems is at a temperature of about 500-600 °C.

• With the help of a heat exchanger (waste heat boiler) direct saturated and/or hot water is obtained from the gas turbine output.

Fuel To Be Used Natural gas to be used within the scope of the project is planned to be supplied from the natural gas pipeline of BOTAŞ (Petroleum Transportation with Pipelines Inc.) which is located to the east of the project site. SAMGAZ Doğal Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş will actualize natural gas intake from the BOTAŞ pipeline in order conduct the distribution of natural gas in the province of



Samsun. The “Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Plant” which of the capacity is planned to be increased within the scope of the project, will take the natural gas required for energy generation from the pipelines of SAMGAZ Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş. The map showing the BOTAŞ pipeline in the region and the minute designated between BOTAŞ and SAMGAZ Doğal Gaz Dağıtım A.Ş is provided in Annex-5. Natural gas will be used as the only fuel at the facility and natural gas storage will not be conducted. In the event that natural gas cannot be provided to the facility, any other raw material will not be used and the facility will not continue its activity. The fuel to be used will be supplied from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş, which is one of the companies in the Energy unit of Cengiz Holding and the total hourly natural gas consumption will be 170.000 m3. The thermal power of the facility is approximately 1628,5 MW and the thermal power calculation is given below. Table 4. Thermal Power Calculation Natural Gas Thermal Power 8.250 kCal / Sm3 Amount of Natural Gas to be used in the Facility 170.000 m3/ hour 47,22 Sm3/ s Thermal Power 8.250 kCal/Sm3 x 47,22 Sm3/s

389.583,3 kCal/s 389.583,3 kCal/s x 4,18 j/cal 1.628.458,3 kj/sn 1.628,5 MW

After the pressure of natural gas is reduced in the pressure reduction station electricity will be generate upon being burned in the engine. Evaporation which is to emerge after exhaust gas is passed through steam boilers will be passed through the steam turbine and additional electricity will be produced. The characteristics of natural gas to be used is given in the following table.

Table 5. Characteristics of Natural Gas to be taken from Samgaz Doğalgaz Dağıtım A.Ş. Upper Thermal Value (kcal/m3) 9,042.93 Lower Thermal Power (kcal/m3) 8,144.94 Specific Weight 0.56601 Standard Density 0.69360 N2 0.8468% CO2 0.0498% METHAN 98.0670% ETHAN 0.7096% PROPAN 0.2346% I-BUT 0.0387% N-BUT 0.0383% I-PEN. 0.0076% N-PEN. 0.0054% HEXZA 0.0024% The facility at which a capacity addition is planned will be operated as combined cycle. In the combined cycle, it is benefited from exhaust gases emerging from the gas turbine by means of a



waste heat boiler and steam is produced. Steam being produced is taken to steam turbines and electrical energy generation is continued. In this way, high efficiency electric power generation is performed at the facility. The Energy Production Plant which of the EIA Positive Certificated is obtained is designed in 2 blocks and electricity will be produced in both blocks with one new technology LMS 100 Gas Turbine. With the use of the exhaust from these two gas turbines, there will be two HRSG Waste Heat Boilers (Heat Recovery Steam Generator) that will produce steam. Steam to be obtained from these boilers will be sent to one Steam Turbine unit. With the use of steam from this turbine electrical energy will be produced. With the capacity addition another block will be added to the facility. Thus, the plant will consist of 3 blocks. The following table gives information about the current status of the facility and about the units to be added with capacity addition. Table 6. NGCCPP Current Status LMS 100 GTG Gas Turbine Generator Set 1 per Unit

Flue (Bypass) 1 per Unit

Waste Heat Recovery 1 per Unit

Auxilliary Units 1 per Unit

Steam Turbine Generator Building 1

Feed Water Pumps 2 per Unit

Cooling Water Pumps with Sea Water 4 per Unit t

Gas Compressors 1

Gas Cooler 2 per Unit

Gas Filters 1 per Unit

Water Conditioning Plant 1

Pure Water Storage Tank 1

Pure Water Tanks 1 per Unit

Pure Water Filters 1 per Unit

Air Compressor 2 per Unit

Power Control Unit 1

Gas Compressor Transformer 1 per Unit

Auxiliary Transformers 1 per Unit

Motor Control Panels 1 per Unit

Switchyard 1



Table 7. Units to be added with NGCCPP Capacity addition

Gas turbine and Auxiliary Units Generator Steam turbine and Auxiliary Units Waste Heat Boiler Transformers and Switchyard Center Fuel System AG and OG Systems Natural Gas Regulator System and Gas Pre-Heatment System Instrument and Service Air Compressor System Auxiliary Boiler System Sea Water Cooling Water System Additional Units Information on units to be added is given below. Gas Turbine Unit It is the unit where natural gas and air compressed in the compressor area is mixed and burned and where subsequently mechanical power is obtained as a result of the move of the shaft to which also the generator is connected. The gas turbine provides an electrical power of 390 MW. The air compression ratio is 19:1. Before air is absorbed from external environment to the gas turbine it is filtered. Exhaust gas which emerges as a result of combustion goes to the boiler to be evaluated in waste heat boilers. Gas Turbine Auxiliary Units

Natural Gas Pressure and Temperature Adjustment Unit Turbine Bearing Lubricating Unit Shaft Rolling Gear System Compressor Cleaning System Air Intake Filtration and Conditioning System Exhaust Gas System Ventilation System Noise Isolation System Automatic Fire Detection System CO2 Fire Extinguishing System Gas Detection System Turbine Control System

Waste Heat Boiler System In thermal power plants, regarding the energy conversion in cycle, the release of combustion gases to the environment which emerge as a result of burning fuel in the boiler and during and discarded steam in the condenser being cooled and re-passed to liquid phase, a large amount of heat is released to the environment.



A vast majority of the heat energy provided from fuel in order to ensure the continuity of the cycle in thermal plants is emitted from the condenser and the fuel. As it is technically not possible to produce electricity from this energy which has to be emitted to the atmosphere, this heat energy is called as waste heat. The use of flue waste heat which is one of the two waste heat sources at thermal power plants decrease the temperature of flue gas. However, this temperature has a lower limit depending on the content of the fuel since in the event that flue gas temperature falls below a certain value, the acidic gas would pass to liquid phase and the flue would be damaged. As a result of this, although having a higher temperature, waste heat energy from the flue forms only a small portion of the total usable waste heat potential at the plant. For this reason, the priority of waste heat evaluation at thermal power plants is the heat energy emitted from the condenser which has a higher potential. As the heat temperature of waste heat at the condenser is at a level of 35-40°C, its quality is low and it requires additional investment in housing and greenhouses using conventional heating systems (low temperature heating system investment). For this reason, as investment will increase although the cost of this waste heat is lower, it use in current housing and greenhouses is usually not economical. In waste heat evaluation applications at power plants, indirect methods like the use of intermediate steam is used instead of the use of waste heat emitted to the environment directly from the condenser. The use of these indirect methods are also investigated in the TSAD Project.

The Investigation of Methods of the Conversion, Development of Thermal Power Plant Waste Heat to Benefits and Heating Application of Buildings which of the objective is to enhance Energy Efficiency in energy production by evaluating plant waste heat potential in the most effective way – Within the scope of the TSAD project, there are thermal power plants in our country which operate under EÜAŞ and Subsidiaries (YEAŞ, KEAŞ, SEAŞ ve HEAŞ)4. Useful heat energy to be obtained at thermal power plants can be used in various fields which are;

• District Heating Systems • District Cooling Systems • Heating Purposes in Greenhouses

The planned power plant’s efficiency is 60%. The waste heat from gas engines will be taken to waste heat boilers and will be used in the steam-obtaining from water process. The steam obtained through waste heat boilers will be evaluated in the steam turbine and subsequently in the generation of electricity. The temperature of the gas released from the flue is around 100 °C and remains well below the emission limit values. Although that the investor company dos not have a waste heat evaluation project in current situation, the investor company will examine the above given waste heat assessment methods during the operation phase and will those have projected if found appropriate. Demineralised water steam is obtained at waste heat boilers by evaluating the exhaust gas from gas turbines. There is steam at 3 different pressure stages at the boiler. These 3 separate steam

4 www.tsad.org.tr



is sent to the steam turbine after being superheated steam from particular section of the waste heat boiler. As the thermal power plant is a combined cycle system, steam which is operated in the turbine is resend to the boiler after being condensed and thus the system operates in a closed loop manner. Dwindling water is approximately 46 tons/hour which is supplied from the demineralization plant. The exhaust gas system is emitted from the flue at about 100 degree after being used at the waste heat boiler. Steam Turbine It is 220 MW. 3 separate steam obtained from the waste heat boiler is sent to the superheated steam turbine and converts thermal energy into mechanical energy. Mechanical energy rotates the turbine shaft and the generator located on the same shaft performs electricity production. Used steam is sent to the condenser and from here to the waste heat boiler feed water tank by means of condensate pumps. Sub-units at the Steam Turbine system are as following:

Lubrication Oil System Hydraulic Control System Main Steam Lines and Instrumentation Steam Bypass Stations Vacuum System Turbine Condensate System Turbine Control System

Generator The Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine which are located on the same shaft with a single shaft design transfer mechanical energy to the generator on the same shaft. The generator capacity is approximately 610 MW. The following are located on the generator;

Sealing Lubricating System Bearing Lubrication System Cooling System with Hydrogen

Natural Gas Pressure Reducing and Gas Pre-Heatment and Filtration System Gas pressure on the pressure values that are required for gas turbine system because it is not considered by the gas pressure line must be regulated. A pressure of about 41 bar is required in front of the gas turbine. The capacity of the natural gas system is around 65 tons/hour. At the same time, the gas heating process is both increase in efficiency and condensation at low temperatures which is required as it constitutes a risk for the machine. Gas filtration is necessary to prevent ingress of undesirable gases. Particles above 2 µm are hold during the filtration system. Instrument and Service Air Compressor System Instrument air is used in valves instruments operating with air in the system. Service air is used in workshops for maintenance purposes. The amount of air to be used in the system is approximately 400 Nm3/h. Air pres

cengİz enerjİ sanayİ ve tİc. a.Ş. · 2020. 11. 9. · cengİz enerjİ sanayİ ve tİc. a.Ş....

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