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Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems

Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems (COINS)

Alex Zettl: Director NSE Grantees Meeting

Dec. 10, 2014

COINS Institutions: UC Berkeley, Stanford, Cal Tech, UC Merced


COINS Mission

COINS mission was to inspire and realize applications directed towards sensing of environmental conditions using nano science and technology. Three drivers:

•  Personal Environmental Monitoring •  Community-based Environmental Monitoring •  Mobile Environmental Monitoring


COINS Application Drivers

Personal Environmental Monitoring § Current personal environmental

monitors are still expensive ($5k), power hungry, run only for hours at a time, and can measure limited gases.""

§ COINS goal: Interface nano-enabled sensors with smart phone technology"

- Should be small, sensitive, low-cost, low-power, and detect multiple analytes"

- Interface with smart phones, eventually becoming embedded in the device"

Smart Phone!

Pollution"



Community-based Environment Monitoring § Low-power, low-cost chemical sensors will

enable fixed broad area coverage or semi-portable field monitors to provide real-time feedback of environmental conditions to:"

•  Detect and locate leaks of explosive gas, radiation, and harmful pollutants"

•  Monitor pesticide drift in air and chemical build-up in ground and drinking water"

Chevron Refinery Fire"Richmond, CA August 2012"

Radioactive Waste Leaking from Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, 2011"

"§ COINS goal: Develop novel

low-power, low-cost, selective nanomaterials-enabled sensing systems for real-time detection of explosives, toxicants, and radiation."

Third-Generation COINS Sensing System


Mobile Environmental Monitoring "§ Expensive and power hungry, most current

mobile monitoring systems require either gas-powered vehicles or humans for mobility."

"§ After disasters, collapsed buildings, mine

shafts, or damaged plants are dangerous for response teams making it difficult to monitor and control situations."


Nuclear Crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi Plant, Japan, 2011"

Deployable Chemical Detection System"

§ COINS goal: Create mobile robots with application-appropriate detection capabilities, such as survivor or hazard location.""- Should be self propelled,

communicate wirelessly, and able to reach confined spaces"

Rescuers search for survivors after building collapse, Bangladesh, 2013"


Mobility Platform

COINS CRAWLERS

15 grams, 1.5 bl/sec (climbing) 16 gram, 15 bl/sec

CLASH DASH


100nm

Drain1 Source1

Gate

Body Gate Gate Oxide Channel

Substrate insula;ng layer

Drain2 Source2

!

(a) (b)

(c)

Systems Integration

!

Sensor Arrays

Recognition Peptide Sensors

Nanoparticle Sensors


Systems Integration – COINS Sensing System

COINS Sensor Tag


Knowledge Transfer

–  Over 40 PhDs awarded (13 to industry) and 25 postdocs (11 to faculty positions), over 200 publications, 29 patents awarded, and 29 patent applicants and invention disclosures, 7 spin-off companies

–  Majority of COINS REU students now attending graduate school

–  Including 9 URM/female at UC Berkeley and Stanford –  5 more REU alumni attending graduate school in the fall

–  Over 180 seminars and over 30 workshops given –  Events such as Exploratorium’s Nano Days, Bay Area Science

Festival, Castle Science and Technology Center


Education and Outreach Programs: • Research Experience for

Undergraduates (REU) • Research Experience for

Teachers (RET) • Nano Experience of Students

(NES)

Graduate Pipeline Success: 6 URG REU participants admitted to UCB PhD Programs in past two years

•  Expanding REU program to entire College of Engineering


Knowledge Transfer

•  Student Organizations

–  Berkeley Nanotechnology Club –  Nano-High

–  Career Development Initiative

–  Center for Talented Youth

–  Berkeley Compass Project


COINS Effect on UC Berkeley

Pre - COINS

EECS

Physics

Chemistry

MSE BioE

ChemE

Policy

Env. Sci.

MechE

Post - COINS

EECS

Physics

Chemistry

MSE BioE

ChemE

Policy

Env. Sci.

MechE


New Berkeley Interdisciplinary Sciences Building

Three floors dedicated to Nanoscience (COINS researchers secured $12M NIST Grant for Nano-tailored laboratories)


Phage-litmus colorimetric

sensor

PBDE Receptor

Engineered phage

Self-assembly

Sensing

Analysis

Decision

Bio-inspired colorimetric sensor system

iColor reader

Pattern recognition and decision making

Chemical exposure induces color change

Stimuli

Sensing – Peptide-based Colorimetric Sensor

Chung & Lee et al, Nature (2011)

Lee Lab


ACS Nano (2011)

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Fig. 2 Biosensor response at different BDE-209 (DBDE) concentrations (red triangles): 10 ppt (left), 50 ppt (center) and 100 ppt (right). Background response (after Au-graphene) transfer is also plotted for each electrode represented in black dots.

Fig. 3. Calibration plot for the biosensor in the 5 to 100 ppt range

In conclusion, a gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene impedimetric biosensor for the detection of BDE-209 is presented for the first time. Response towards BDE-209 in the range between 5 to 100 ppt presents good linearity. Using this aqueous detection platform, COINS will pursue the use of other peptides for the selective detection of other molecules of interest for COINS sensing platform.

Sensing – Peptide/Nanodevice Integration

!

Modular PDA coating materials: ⇒  PDA-maleimide + Peptide-SH

CNT-FET based PBDE sensor Graphene-Au Impedimetric Sensor

PBDE

PBDE

PBDE

PBDE

1fM detection limit

Nanoscale (2013) PBDE receptor-Au-graphene


Sensing - Microheater Gas Sensor Arrays

• 12 heaters per chip Peak power: ~4 mW @ 300oC Average power: 4 µW for 1ms pulses per second

• Multiplexing capabilities

compatible with COINS Sensing System prototype for multi-analyte detection

Mickelson, Maboudian, & Zettl

ppm H2S

CO

INS

Sen

sor (

nA) WO3 NPs

Nanoparticle Network Sensor Array Microheater Sensor

SnO2 NPs

CO

INS

Sen

sor (

nA)


Schematic of Piezoelectric

Virus

Device fabrication

Nucleus

Synthetic light collecting structure Flexible film

Au Au

e-

Gold electrodes in Flexible PDMS

Performance Test

Energy - Biopiezoelectric Energy Generator

Lee & Ramesh

880 nm

6.6 nm

pVIII

C-terminal

N-terminal

-

+

2700 α-helix pVIII subunits

Piezoelectric nanofiber

dipole

PFM characterization

Biopiezoelectric Energy Generator


Energy – Screen-Engineered Field-Effect Photovoltaics

Screening-engineered field-effect photovoltaics (SFPV) –enables fabrication of low-cost, high efficiency PV from virtually any class of semiconductor


),,( 0 φpVVG

11 0

No External Control

Sustained self-oscillations occur with a fixed DC bias!

Electronics and Wireless – CNT Self-Oscillations and Parametric Amplification

Alemán, B., Zettl. A., et al.

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