central local government region of south australia water ...€¦ · central local government...

Central Local Government Region of South Australia

Water Supply Investigation

Principal Contacts Gerry Doyle

June 2005 Ref No 20040684RA3

Executive Summary

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: i

Executive Summary

The Central Local Government Region of South Australia (CLGRSA) engaged Tonkin Consulting in conjunction with EconSearch and MasterPlan to undertake a review of the water supply systems within the region. The region is made up of 15 member Councils from the Barossa Valley to the Flinders Ranges and includes the Yorke Peninsula. It constitutes 27% of the States Incorporated Area and 27% of the States population outside of Adelaide. The project involved three key elements. Firstly, a review of all relevant information relating to water supply that was available from the stakeholders identified in conjunction with the Project Steering Committee. Secondly, a comprehensive consultation process was undertaken with all identified stakeholders through both one on one meetings and workshops. The final element of the project was to analyse the information obtained to prepare recommendations for the region, including a 5, 10 and 20 year capital works program. From analysis of the supplied information the primary sources of water, the key users, the infrastructure condition, the development prospects of the Region and the enhancement requirements for the water supply system within the region were identified. The primary water sources used within the region are:

• SA Water Corporation Supply - either sourced from the River Murray or from local groundwater;

• Rainwater for private use; • Groundwater; • STED Re-use; • Private Water Supply schemes; • Surface Water collection; and • Stormwater collection and re-use.

The key users within the region identified were:

• Irrigation for viticulture or agriculture; • Mineral Processing; • General Industry; • Municipal Watering; • Domestic; and • Tourist Facilities.

Executive Summary

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: ii

A review of the supply systems within the region was undertaken, with some of the non SA Water systems identified as being under utilised, in the case of treated effluent and stormwater re-use, or over utilised, in the case of the surface water and groundwater systems. Management of the non SA Water resources within the Central Local Government Region (CLGR) will be a significant component of the future works for the region. In addition it is recommended that alternative sources not currently used, such as desalination of seawater, water trading, be investigated by the CLGRSA. Consultation with the stakeholders was used to confirm the water supply sources and key users within the region. It also was used to review the development opportunities within the region. During the consultation process the view that development was a key aspect of the future of the region was expressed. To facilitate development within the region a funding methodology is needed. A number of alternatives have been presented in this report and consensus was reached at a workshop for Council, Regional Development Boards and Natural Resource Management Board staff on a preferred alternative. This alternative involves the State Government instructing SA Water to collect a levy on behalf of the region, which would then be used by the Council from which it was collected for water supply projects. A presentation was made to a forum of South Australia’s politicians to provide opportunity for further discussion of the funding alternatives to commence. The funding outcome will also have a significant impact on the opportunities available to the region to undertake recommended works. Consultation also identified that within the SA Water supply system, opportunity exists to enhance the water supply to communities currently serviced from groundwater supplies. These projects will provide an improvement to quality of life for residents of the communities. The recommendations of the report, including a 5, 10 and 20 year capital works program together with a prioritisation methodology, provide a framework for education of the Councils regarding SA Water’s community service obligations and for the Councils to manage the non SA Water resources within the region to ensure sustainable use. The key directions for the region as an outcome of this report should be to determine the feasibility of the funding alternatives, implement the preferred alternatives and to commence capital works to improve the management of the water available within the region and enhance water quality of reticulated groundwater supplied systems.

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: iii

Acknowledgements

Steering Committee Members: • Steven Griffiths (District Council of Yorke Peninsula) Chaiman • Bill Furse (Central Local Government Region) • Henri Mueller (District Council of Malalla) • Mark Malcolm (Southern Flinders Regional Development Board) • Nigel Hand (District Council of Barunga West) • Paul Feronas (SA Water) • Alan Collett

Key Stakeholders Representatives:

• Ian Baldwin (The Barossa Council) • Judith Jones (The Barossa Council) • Michael Lange (The Barossa Council) • Lyn Addison (District Council of Barunga West • Mark Goldstone (Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council) • Emma Wauchope (Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council) • Des Jennings (Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council) • Rob Veitch (Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council) • John Carrangis (Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council) • Roly Kavanagh (District Council of the Copper Coast) • Peter Dinning (District Council of the Copper Coast) • Paul Gates (District Council of the Copper Coast) • Ralph Hazel (District Council of the Copper Coast) • Mayor Max McHugh (The Flinders Ranges Council) • Lee Connors (The Flinders Ranges Council) • Frank Endermann (The Flinders Ranges Council) • Stephen Kerrigan (Goyder Regional Council) • Roy O’Connor (Goyder Regional Council) • John Brak (Goyder Regional Council) • Kim Chapman (Goyder Regional Council) • Peter Beare (Light Regional Council) • Dave Hasset (Light Regional Council) • Greg Aherns (Light Regional Council) • Andrew Philpott (Light Regional Council) • Colin Dunlop (District Council of Malalla) • John Tillack (District Council of Malalla) • Stephen Bateman (District Council of Malalla)

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: iv

• Chairman Trevor Roocke (District Council Mount Remarkable) • Sean Cheriton (District Council Mount Remarkable) • Ben Coventry (Northern Areas Council) • Alan Thomson (Northern Areas Council) • Tony Renshaw (District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton) • John Schmidt (District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton) • Tom King (District Council of Peterborough) • Terry Barnes (District Council of Peterborough) • Ian Burfitt (Port Pirie Regional Council) • Councillor Debbie Devlin (Port Pirie Regional Council) • Phil Barry (Wakefield Regional Council) • Chris Fels (Wakefield Regional Council) • Elca McCarthy (Wakefield Regional Council) • Trevor Graham (Yorke Peninsula District Council) • Roger Brooks (Yorke Peninsula District Council) • Rick Wilkinson (Yorke Peninsula District Council) • Peter Stockings (Yorke Peninsula District Council and Yorke RDB Inc) • Roy Blight (Barossa Light Development Inc) • Geoffrey Gray (Mid North Regional Development Board) • Kirsty Dudley (Mid North Regional Development Board) • Linda Carter (Mid North Regional Development Board) • Gary Anesbury (Northern Regional Development Board) • Jerry Johnson (Northern Regional Development Board) • Ian Miller (Southern Flinders Ranges Regional Development Board) • Simon Milcock (Yorke Regional Development Board Inc) • Kerry Ward (Northern and Yorke Agricultural District INRM) • Anita Crisp (Northern and Yorke Agricultural District INRM) • Trudie Stanley (Northern and Yorke Agricultural District INRM) • Linda Pearson (Northern and Yorke Agricultural District INRM) • David Clark (Northern and Yorke Agricultural District INRM) • David Deane (Northern and Yorke Agricultural District INRM)

Government Agency Representatives:

• Chris Marles (SA Water) • Bart van der Wel (Department of Water, Land, Biodiversity and

Conservation • Gerry Davies (Primary Industry and Resources South Australia) • Don Basso (Department of Trade and Economic Development) • Hannah Ellyard (Northern Adelaide and Barossa CWMB) • David Bradshaw (Environment Business Australia) • Robert Jenkins (Office for Infrastructure Development) • Mehilka Kayaalp (Department of Health) • Ray Najar (Murray Darling Association)

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: v

Industry Representatives:

• Hugh Forde (Business SA) • Doug Young (Winemakers Federation) • Michael Blight (Livestock Markets Limited) • Gavin Limbert (Virginia Horticulture Centre) • Steve Eberhard (Zinifex Port Pirie Smelter)

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: vi

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation

1. Introduction 1 1.1 Project Aims 1 1.2 Project Methodology 1 1.3 Region Profile 3 1.3.1 Profile of the Region’s Industry Base 5 1.3.2 Regional Industries Dependent Upon Water 17

2. Regional Water Supply Systems 24 2.1 SA Water Supply 24 2.1.1 Introduction 24 2.1.2 Historical Background to Water Supply within the Central Local Government Region 24 2.1.3 Water Systems Elements within the Central Local Government Region 32 2.2 Council or Privately owned/operated Water Supply Schemes 36 2.3 Groundwater 36 2.3.1 Introduction 36 2.3.2 Prescribed Water Resource Areas 36 2.3.3 Aquifer Types 39 2.3.4 Total Dissolved Solids (Salinity) 43 2.3.5 Standing Water Level 46 2.3.6 Aquifer Yield 46 2.3.7 Aquifer Storage and Recovery 46 2.4 Treated Effluent Re-use 51 2.4.1 Introduction 51 2.4.2 Background to STEDS and Effluent Reuse 51 2.4.3 Legislative Requirements 52 2.4.4 Current Effluent Reuse in CLGRSA Region 52 2.4.5 Summary 58 2.5 Stormwater Re-use 60 2.6 Surface Water 60 2.7 Current Water Usage and Pricing Arrangements 61 2.7.1 SA Water Supply 61 2.7.2 Groundwater Supply 62 2.7.3 Surface Water 62 2.7.4 Rainwater 63 2.7.5 Effluent Reuse 63 2.7.6 Stormwater Reuse 65 2.7.7 Water Supply Schemes 66 2.7.8 State Wide Pricing Policy 68 2.7.9 Catchment Environment Levies 70 2.8 Regional Growth Prospects and Implications for Water Supply 71 2.8.1 Analytical Review 71 2.8.2 Council and Regional Development Board Growth Prospects 77 2.8.3 Barriers to Development 83

3. Literature Review 87 3.1 Introduction 87

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: vii

3.2 Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia 87 3.3 Regional Planning 90 3.3.1 Planning Strategy for South Australia 90 3.3.2 Council Development Plans 91 3.4 Infrastructure Pricing Policies 93 3.4.1 National Water Initiative 93 3.4.2 Principles of Cost Recovery 93 3.4.3 Infrastructure Pricing 94 3.5 Case Studies 95 3.5.1 Water Corporation (Perth, Western Australia) 95 3.5.2 Hunter Water (Hunter Valley, New South Wales) 98

4. Consultation Review 101 4.1 Key Stakeholder Consultation Summary 102 4.1.1 Introduction 102 4.1.2 Member Council Meetings 102 4.1.3 Regional Development Board Meetings 114 4.1.4 Natural Resource Management Board Meetings 116 4.2 SA Water Consultation Summary 118 4.2.1 Introduction 118 4.2.2 Concept to Implementation Process 119 4.2.3 SA Water Matters Common Across the Central Local Government Region 120 4.2.4 Barossa Country Lands Region 121 4.2.5 Swan Reach to Barossa Junction 124 4.2.6 Barossa Valley Component of the Warren Country Lands Region 128 4.2.7 Western Component of the Warren Country Lands Region 131 4.2.8 Yorke Peninsula 134 4.2.9 Morgan Whyalla – Rising Main 139 4.2.10 Morgan Whyalla – Gravity Section 141 4.2.11 Independent Schemes 146 4.2.12 Non Potable Supplies 149 4.3 Industry Workshop Summary 152 4.3.1 Introduction 152 4.3.2 Current Water Use and Requirements 152 4.3.3 Alternative Sources 153 4.3.4 Water Pricing 153 4.4 Government Workshop Summary 153 4.4.1 Introduction 153 4.4.2 Sustainability of Water Supply Resources 154 4.4.3 Community Expectations and Education 155 4.4.4 Water Supply Reform Strategies 155 4.5 Key Stakeholder Workshop Summary 157 4.5.1 Introduction 157 4.5.2 Funding of Future Works 157 4.5.3 Prioritising of Works 159

5. Issues Identified 161 5.1 Introduction 161 5.2 Quality of Life Improvement 161 5.3 Facilitation of Development Opportunities 163 5.4 Education 165 5.5 Environmental Management 165 5.6 Conclusion 168

6. Alternatives for Addressing Identified Issues 169 6.1 Introduction 169 6.2 Alternatives to Undertake Recommended Projects 169 6.2.1 Enhancement of Water Quality at Various Locations 169 6.2.2 Provision of Reticulated Supply to Terowie 171 6.2.3 Facilitation of Development Opportunities 173 6.2.4 Council Education Program 174

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: viii

6.2.5 Community Education Program 175 6.2.6 Feasibility Study of Alternative Supply Sources 175 6.2.7 Review of Effluent Disposal Practices and the Options for Re-Use 176 6.2.8 Preparation of Stormwater Master Plans including Re-Use Options 177 6.2.9 Incentive / Assistance Scheme for the Installation of Water Saving Devices 179 6.2.10 Surface Water Management Review 179 6.2.11 Groundwater Management Review 180 6.2.12 Amendment of Planning Policies 180 6.3 Options for Funding 182 6.3.1 Project by Project Funding 182 6.3.2 Levying Ratepayers 184 6.3.3 Existing Council Budgets 185 6.3.4 Facilitate Capital Costs and Recoup Costs from Beneficiaries 185 6.3.5 Councils’ Preferred Alternative 186 6.3.6 Discussion of Funding Options 186 6.3.7 Conclusion 189

7. Prioritisation Methodology 190 7.1 Aim 190 7.2 Methodology Structure 190 7.3 Assessment Criteria 191 7.3.1 Quality of Life Improvement 191 7.3.2 Expansion of Residential Community 191 7.3.3 Expansion of Industry 191 7.3.4 Environment / Sustainability 192 7.3.5 Water Source 192 7.3.6 Benefit 192 7.3.7 Impact 192 7.3.8 Cost 192 7.4 Criteria Weighting 192 7.5 Prioritisation Worksheet 193

8. Capital Works Program 196 8.1 Introduction 196 8.2 Five Year Program 196 8.3 Ten Year Program 196 8.4 Twenty Year Program 197

9. Conclusion 198 Glossary of Terms Bibliography Tables Table 1.1 Regional concordance in the Central Local Government Region 5 Table 1.2 Profile of the Central Local Government Regions industry base, 2002/03 7 Table 1.3 Central Local Government Region populations as at 30 June 2004 9 Table 1.4 Central Local Government Region population projections, 1996 – 2016 10 Table 1.5 Population of major towns, 2001 12 Table 1.6 Proportion of population living in major towns within the CLGRa 13 Table 1.7 Key water resources in Central Local Government Region 14 Table 1.8 SA Water Supply Data 18 Table 1.9 Residential usage per resident of SA Water supply, 2003/04 20 Table 1.10 Residential consumption of SA Water per meter, 2003/04 21 Table 1.11 Non-residential consumption of SA Water, 2003/04 22 Table 1.12 Commercial consumption of SA Water supply, 2003/04 23 Table 2.1 Maximum Recommended Salinity 43 Table 2.2 Population, Volume of Effluent Collected and Treated for STEDS operating in the

CLGR 58 Table 2.3 Effluent reuse in the Central Local Government region 64

Table of Contents

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: ix

Table 2.4 Stormwater reuse in CLGR 65 Table 2.5 BIL scheme charges, 1999 66 Table 2.6 Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme charges for irrigation customers 68 Table 2.7 Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme charges for residential and commercial customers:68 Table 2.8 Current water pricing structure for SA Water non-commercial customers 69 Table 2.9 Current water pricing structure for SA Water commercial customers 70 Table 2.10 Regional growth prospects in the Central Local Government region 77 Table 2.11 Regional Development Board jurisdiction 79 Table 3.1 Cross references between the Strategic Infrastructure Plan to the South Australian

Strategic Plan (Source OFID 2005) 87 Table 3.2 Regional Water Projects included in the State Infrastructure Plan (Source OFID 2005)89 Table 3.3 Current water pricing structure in Western Australia 98 Table 3.4 Hunter Water Corporation charges 100 Table 4.1 Summary Table of Council “Wish Lists” 111 Table 4.2 Warren Country Lands Water Resource Preliminary Predictions 130 Table 4.3 Independent Scheme Water Sources and Location 146 Table 4.4 Non Potable Scheme Locations in the CLGR 150 Table 4.5 Possible Actions for the CLGRSA 160 Figures Figure 1.1 Map of the Central Local Government Region of South Australia showing Council

Boundaries and Major Towns 4 Figure 1.2 Users of SA Water mains water supply in the Central Local Government region,

2003/04 19 Figure 2.1 SA Water Supply System within the CLGR 25 Figure 2.2 SA Water Supply System Schematic 34 Figure 2.3 SA Water Supply Sub-Systems and CLGR Council Boundaries 35 Figure 2.4 Prescribed Water Resource Areas within the CLGRSA 37 Figure 2.5 Groundwater Basins 40 Figure 2.6 Total Dissolved Solids for groundwater across the CLGRSA. 45 Figure 2.7 Standing Water Levels for Groundwater within the CLGRSA 48 Figure 2.8 Groundwater Yield (L/s) throughout the CLGRSA 49 Figure 2.9 Areas of Shallow, High Yield and Low Salinity Groundwater in the CLGRSA 50 Figure 4.1 SA Water Barossa Country Lands Region Water Supply System 123 Figure 4.2 SA Water Swan Reach to Barossa Junction Water Supply System 126 Figure 4.3 Barossa Valley Component of the Warren Country Lands SA Water Supply System 129 Figure 4.4 Western Component of the Warren Country Lands SA Water Supply System 133 Figure 4.5 SA Water Yorke Peninsula Water Supply System 135 Figure 4.6 SA Water Morgan-Whyalla Rising Main System 140 Figure 4.7 SA Water Morgan-Whyalla Gravity Supply System 143 Figure 4.8 SA Water Independent Water Supply Schemes 148 Figure 4.9 SA Water Non-Potable Water Supply Schemes 151 Figure 7.1 Prioritisation Methodology Worksheet 194 Figure 7.2 Methodology Worksheet for Recommended Projects 195 Appendices Appendix A Stakeholder List Appendix B Stakeholder Questionnaire and Meeting Notes

Document History and Status

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: x

Document History and Status

Rev Description Author Rev’d App’d Date A Draft for comment GD PKR PDC 8/06/05

Introduction

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: 08/06/05 Page: 1

1. Introduction

1.1 Project Aims

The Central Local Government Region of South Australia (CLGRSA) commissioned Tonkin Consulting in conjunction with Econsearch and Masterplan to undertake an investigation into the water supply within the CLGRSA member Council’s area. The project has involved a review of the water supply to the region including the source of water, the nature of the end use, water supply infrastructure conditions, Council requirements for development and the requirements for alteration of the supply network. Material was sourced from previous studies that had been undertaken within the region or part thereof and discussion with identified key stakeholders, including SA Water Corporation (SA Water). The project outcomes are the preparation of a document which summarises the regional water supply situation, the capital works required by the region to enusre sustainable supply and enhanced quality of supply, possible funding sources (which may include the facilitation of development) and a methodology for prioritising the work required. It is envisaged that the CLGRSA will utilise this document to lobby relevant Government authorities for assistance in achieving its regional water supply aims. The outcomes of this project will enable the 15 member Councils of the CLGRSA to plan and structure water supply improvements within their Council areas in conjunction with SA Water and other relevant Government authorities.

1.2 Project Methodology

The project was divided into three primary elements. The first component undertaken was a review of all relevant information relating to water supply that was available from the stakeholders identified in conjunction with the Project Steering Committee. Secondly, a comprehensive consultation process was undertaken with all identified stakeholders through both one on one meetings and workshops. The final element of the project was analysis of the information obtained and the preparation of a report including recommendations for the region. Each component of the project had specific outcomes associated with it, these are summarised as follows:

Introduction


Information Review

The information received as part of the project was sourced through the fifteen member Councils, five Regional Development Boards (RDBs), identified industry, relevant Government agencies and a search of relevant web sites and libraries. The information received/obtained is not an exhaustive list of all documentation relating to water supply within the region. The literature viewed was used to determine the existing state of the water supply system within the region, the anticipated demand changes from existing users of the region, the scope to undertake alternative supply technology and to review supply schemes serving similar regions in Australia. Consultation

Consultation was undertaken with identified key stakeholders via a series of one on one meetings and group workshops. The one on one consultations were held with the fifteen (15) member Councils, five (5) RDBs, the interim Natural Resource Management (NRM) Board and SA Water. Three workshops were held, the first with key water users within the region, the second with regulators and suppliers of water to the region and the third with the member Councils, RDBS and NRM Board representatives. The consultation process allowed those within the region to provide comment on anticipated growth within the area known to them. It also provided the opportunity for perceived problems with the various supply sources to be identified and discussed. Analysis

The analysis of all information obtained through the first two stages was undertaken to determine the works required by the CLGRSA and its member Councils to achieve the supply requirements for the existing population and industry base as well as to facilitate the future development anticipated. The alternatives for funding the projects were also considered as part of the analysis process.

Introduction


1.3 Region Profile

The CLGRSA comprises fifteen (15) member Councils, these are: • The Barossa Council; • District Council of Barunga West; • Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council; • District Council of The Copper Coast; • The Flinders Ranges Council; • Regional Council of Goyder; • Light Regional Council; • District Council of Mallala; • District Council of Mount Remarkable; • Northern Areas Council; • District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton; • District Council of Peterborough; • Port Pirie Regional Council; • Wakefield Regional Council; and • District Council of Yorke Peninsula.

The CLGRSA comprises 27% of the incorporated area of the State and 27% of the State’s population outside of Adelaide. Figure 1.1 shows the Council boundaries, Council populations, major town locations and major town populations within the CLGRSA.

Port Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional CouncilPort Pirie Regional Council

District Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga WestDistrict Council of Barunga West

District Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper CoastDistrict Council of the Copper Coast

Wakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilWakefield Regional CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilClare And Gilbert Valleys Council

Regional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of GoyderRegional Council of Goyder

The Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges CouncilThe Flinders Ranges Council

Light Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional CouncilLight Regional Council

District Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of MallalaDistrict Council of Mallala

The Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa CouncilThe Barossa Council

District Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke PeninsulaDistrict Council of Yorke Peninsula

NAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBYNAPPERBY

HAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKERHAWKER

FREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELINGFREELING GREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCKGREENOCK

TANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDATANUNDA

WILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWNWILLIAMSTOWN

LYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCHLYNDOCH

ANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTONANGASTON

NURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPANURIOOTPA

District Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount RemarkableDistrict Council of Mount Remarkable

District Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / CarrietonDistrict Council of Orroroo / Carrieton

District Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of Peterborough

Northern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas CouncilNorthern Areas Council

QUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORNQUORN

WILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTONWILMINGTON

ORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROOORROROO

PETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGHPETERBOROUGH

WIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARAWIRRABARA

JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN

CRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOKCRYSTAL BROOK

SPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDINGSPALDING

BURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRABURRA

CLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARECLARE

WALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROOWALLAROO

MOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTAMOONTA

BALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVABALAKLAVARIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONRIVERTONPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELD EUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDA

KAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAKAPUNDAMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLAND

ARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANARDROSSANMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALADUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLINDUBLIN

TWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLSTWO WELLS

MINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATONMINLATON

YORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWNYORKETOWN

BUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTEBUTE

PORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTONPORT BROUGHTON

GLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONEGLADSTONE

LAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURALAURA

BOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTREBOOLEROO CENTRE

HAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGEHAMLEY BRIDGE

AUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURN

SADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTHSADDLEWORTH

PORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEINPORT GERMEIN

SNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWNSNOWTOWN

KADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINAKADINA

ROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWN

ROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHYROSEWORTHY

TEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIETEROWIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIE

N

Central Local Government RegionW a t e r S u p p l y

I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o nCOUNCIL BOUNDARIES AND

MAJOR TOWNS MAP

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING

Cadastral Data:Job Number:Filename:Drawn:Date:

DEH2004.0684Population_towns.worTom Davey19/05/2005

MAP DETAILSTONKIN CONSULTING

[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE

TWAYVILLE SA 50345 COOKE TERRACE

+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 1.1

Population by Towns

Less than 250250 to 400400 to 600600 to 800800 to 1,200

1,200 to 2,000Greater than 2,000

Population by Regions

less than 2,5002,500 to 5,0005,000 to 8,0008,000 to 12,000greater than 12,000

LEGEND

LGA Boundary

Central LGA Boundaries

-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20-20

Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000Scale: 1:1,100,000

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 40404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040404040 60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km60km

Introduction


1.3.1 Profile of the Region’s Industry Base

1.3.1.1 Central Local Government Region defined

The profile for the Central Local Government Region (CLGR) is based on a database prepared by EconSearch [21] for the Department of Business Manufacturing and Trade (SA Economic Model). The concordance between the regions used for the SA Economic Model project and the Statistical Local Areas (SLAs) included in the CLGR is shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 Regional concordance in the Central Local Government Region

SA Economic Region a Component Statistical Local Areas

Statistical Local Areas included in the CLGR

Barossa Barossa (DC) - Barossa, Barossa (DC) - Angaston, Barossa (DC) - Tanunda, Mallala (DC) and Light (DC),

All

Yorke and Lower North Barunga West (DC), Copper Coast (DC), Wakefield (DC), Clare & Gilbert Valleys (DC), Goyder (DC), Yorke Peninsula (DC) – North and Yorke Peninsula (DC) – South

All

Northern Coober Pedy (DC), Northern Areas (DC), Mt Remarkable (DC), Orroroo/Carrieton (DC), Peterborough (DC), Flinders Ranges (DC), Port Augusta (C), Port Pirie (C) - City, Port Pirie (C) – Balance, Roxby Downs (M), Whyalla (C), Unincorp. Whyalla, Unincorp. Pirie, Unincorp. Flinders Ranges and Unincorp. Far North

Excludes Coober Pedy (DC), Port Augusta (C), Roxby Downs (M), Whyalla (C), Unincorp. Whyalla, Unincorp. Pirie, Unincorp. Flinders Ranges and Unincorp. Far North

a As defined in EconSearch 2005b [21] Because data for the regional profile were extracted from a number of sources and at different geographically defined levels, there was a considerable amount of data manipulation to derive a consistent data set across the 43 sectors that make up the regional economy. For example adjustments were made to the census employment (journey to work) data to derive an appropriate employment profile for that part of the Northern region that is included in the CLGR region.

Introduction


Estimates for the value of agricultural output were derived from the PIRSA Food Scorecard. Scorecard estimates are derived on the basis of Regional Development Board boundaries. The Northern Regional Development Board includes all of the SLAs in the Northern Region except Whyalla (C) and Port Pirie (C). A similar approach was used to estimate the value of mining output. Population estimates and ABS Household Expenditure Survey data were used to derive estimates for household expenditure. Average wages and salaries per taxable individual were used to derive revised estimates of compensation of employees and output for the service sectors.

1.3.1.2 Regional economic structure

Estimates of the economic contribution of the CLGR are presented in terms of the following indicators:

• Total employment (no. of jobs); • Employment (full-time equivalents); • Household income ($'000); • Value of output ($'000); • Household expenditure ($'000); and • Contribution to Gross Regional Product ($'000);

Employment by industrial sector is detailed on a total and full time equivalent (fte) basis and is a measure of the number of working proprietors, managers, directors and other employees. Employment is measured by place of remuneration rather than place of residence. This has a significant impact on employment numbers in the CLGR, particularly the Barossa region where a large number of residents are employed outside the region (mostly in Adelaide). The Retail sector was the highest employment sector (6,217 total jobs) followed by the Health and Community Services sector (4,160). Other major service sector employers are Education (3,267), Accommodation, Cafes and Restaurants (2,586) and Property and Business Services (2,130). Of the primary sectors, employment is greatest in the Grains sector (3,639 total, 3,261 fte) followed by the Winegrapes (1,636) and Sheep (1,509) sectors. Wine and Beverages (3,382) generates by far the largest number of jobs of the manufacturing sectors, followed by Metals and Metal Products (1,666) and Food Products (983) sectors (Refer Table 1.2). Household income is a component of gross state product (GSP) and is a measure of wages and salaries and other payments to employees, including overtime payments and income tax, but excluding payroll tax. It also includes the drawings of working proprietors. Household income is highest in the Health and Community Services and Education Sectors ($132m and $126m respectively) followed by the retail sector ($108m). Although the Retail sector is the largest employer, the lower income ranking reflects lower average wages and a higher proportion of part-time employees. The other large household income generators are the Wine and Beverages ($101m) and Property and Business Services ($81m) sectors (Refer Table 1.2).

Introduction


Table 1.2 Profile of the Central Local Government Regions industry base, 2002/03

Sector Total

Employment (no. of jobs)

Employment (fte)a

Household Income

($m)

Value of Output

($m)

Household Expenditure

($m)

Contribution to GRPb

($m) 1 Sheep 1,509 1,332 21.0 183.1 0.1 100.1 2 Grains 3,639 3,261 52.0 495.0 0.0 272.6 3 Beef cattle 575 514 8.2 19.0 0.1 12.5 4 Dairy cattle 139 127 3.7 10.2 0.0 4.7 5 Pigs 291 261 5.6 76.4 0.0 14.8 6 Poultry 243 201 6.9 27.1 1.5 15.7 7 Winegrapes 1,636 1,426 30.3 112.1 0.0 74.8 8 Vegetables 89 73 1.3 8.5 5.3 5.2 9 Fruit and nuts 37 33 0.7 7.8 4.6 4.5 10 Agriculture n.e.c. 382 324 6.5 39.8 2.6 24.1 11 Services to agric., hunting & trapping 232 198 5.7 26.2 0.2 9.3 12 Forestry and logging 39 33 0.8 6.7 0.0 1.4 13 Commercial fishing 290 234 7.3 21.9 1.4 9.6 14 Aquaculture 38 30 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.9 15 Coal; oil and gas 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16 Other mining 233 210 6.3 55.2 0.0 26.7 17 Services to mining 66 58 4.5 18.7 0.0 8.0 18 Food products 983 856 34.7 207.6 45.0 57.1 19 Wine and beverages 3,382 3,087 101.4 1,432.5 7.9 424.5 20 Textiles, clothing and footwear 54 39 1.1 7.2 2.3 1.2 21 Wood, paper and publishing 429 363 14.4 54.6 5.9 20.4 22 Petrochemical and other chemical products 354 329 12.7 81.1 6.8 18.7 23 Non-metallic mineral products 224 207 10.4 71.7 0.1 22.9 24 Metals and metal products 1,666 1,578 61.2 399.0 0.7 98.5 25 Machinery and equipment 764 705 27.1 183.0 10.9 35.7 26 Other manufacturing 139 123 4.1 13.1 3.0 4.8 27 Electricity and gas 220 209 16.3 84.4 15.0 42.4 28 Water 88 85 5.2 22.0 11.1 13.8 29 Residential building construction 719 613 37.4 205.0 0.0 97.6 30 Other construction 1,447 1,272 78.3 154.7 0.0 83.6 31 Wholesale trade 1,896 1,656 78.2 253.5 47.8 105.7 32 Retail trade 6,217 4,777 108.8 263.5 173.7 133.0 33 Accommodation, cafes & restaurants 2,586 1,832 44.4 173.6 91.6 68.5 34 Transport and storage 1,545 1,330 67.6 183.3 24.3 92.6 35 Communication services 379 293 15.3 48.3 13.7 28.1 36 Finance and insurance 597 461 21.4 87.5 40.5 60.2 37 Ownership of dwellings 0 0 0.0 329.8 321.7 243.5 38 Property and business services 2,130 1,681 81.4 226.5 6.0 109.1 39 Public administration and defence 1,357 1,128 54.3 164.9 2.8 80.4 40 Education 3,267 2,700 126.0 166.9 34.6 126.5 41 Health and community services 4,160 2,973 132.7 195.5 50.3 142.3 42 Cultural and recreational services 516 394 17.4 47.2 31.4 23.3 43 Personal services 1,235 987 45.0 88.0 42.6 52.9 Total 45,791 37,990 1,358.1 6,253.7 1,005.8 2,772.1 Net Taxes in Final Demandc - - - - 256.0 256.0 Imports - - - - 866.8 - TOTAL 45,791 37,990 1,358.1 6,253.7 2,128.7 3,028.1

a Full-time equivalent b Gross Regional Product c Includes net taxes (i.e. indirect taxes less subsidies) paid by households and other

components of final demand.

Introduction


Value of output is a measure of gross revenue from the sale of goods and services produced by commercial organisations (e.g. farm-gate value of production) and gross expenditure by government agencies. This measure should be used with care as it includes elements of double counting and overstates the real contribution to economic activity. The highest value of output in 2002/03 was in the Wine and Beverages sector ($1,432m), however as mentioned previously, this figure is likely to overstate the net contribution of the sector due to double counting (the value of winery output includes the farm-gate value of grapes). Another large contributor in the manufacturing sector is the Metals and Metal Products sector ($399m). In primary production the Grains sector ($495m) was the largest contributor to the total value of output. Household expenditure is a measure of expenditure by households on locally produced and imported goods and services. The Ownership of Dwellings sector attracted the most expenditure by households actual plus imported rent followed by the Retail Trade sector ($321m and $173m, respectively). Other major expenditure sectors include the Accommodation, Cafes and Restaurants ($91m), Health and Community Services ($50m) and Food Products ($45m) sectors. Contribution to gross regional product (GRP) is a measure of the net contribution of an activity to the regional economy. Contribution to GRP is measured as the value of output less the cost of goods and services (including imports) used in producing the output. Using contribution to GRP as a measure of economic impact avoids the problem of double counting that may arise from using value of output for this purpose. The Wine and Beverages sector is the largest contributor in the region ($424m) followed by the Grains sector ($272m). Other significant contributions are from the Health and Community Services ($142m) and Retail Trade ($133m) sectors.

1.3.1.3 Regional population

Preliminary population estimates, as at June 2004 based on 2001 census data are provided in Table 1.3. Population estimates are updated by adding to the estimated population at the beginning of each period, components of natural increase and net overseas migration, to which the number of Australian residents estimated to have been temporarily overseas at the time of the census is added [1].

Introduction


Table 1.3 Central Local Government Region populations as at 30 June 2004

Local government area Estimated population at June 2004

Proportion of total population

Barossa Council 20,386 18% Barunga West District Council 2,605 2% Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 8,300 7% Copper Coast District Council 11,419 10% Flinders Ranges Council 1,716 2% Goyder Regional Council 4,167 4% Light Regional Council 11,711 10% Mallala District Council 7,740 7% Mount Remarkable District Council 2,853 3% Northern Areas Council 4,652 4% Orroroo/Carrieton District Council 980 1% Peterborough District Council 1,917 2% Port Pirie Regional Council 17,436 15% Wakefield Regional Council 6,554 6% Yorke Peninsula District Council 11,637 10% Total 114,073 100%

Source: ABS 2004 The two local government areas with the largest populations, Barossa and Port Pirie, together account for over 30 per cent of the regions population. The next three most populated council areas, Light, Yorke Peninsula and Copper Coast, each comprise approximately 10 per cent of the regions residents. Orroroo/Carrieton, with less than one thousand residents, has the smallest population of the region’s local government areas. Population projections for CLGR for the period 1996 to 2016, detailed in Table 1.4, were obtained from Planning SA [57]. The projections are based on ABS 1996 Census resident population estimates and trends in mortality, fertility and overseas and interstate migration for South Australia and the Outer Adelaide Statistical Division over the period 1991 to 1996. The methodology used to compile the projections was not influenced by local factors such as land availability or zoning (Ian McQueen, Planning SA, pers. comm.). Limitations such as infrastructure and the availability of water resources are not a factor in determining these projections.

Introduction


Table 1.4 Central Local Government Region population projections, 1996 – 2016

Local government area Population projection

1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 Barossa Council 18,339 18,904 19,718 20,315 20,820 Barunga West District Council 2,487 2,456 2,398 2,314 2,214

Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 8,129 8,147 8,072 8,020 7,927

Copper Coast District Council 10,373 10,349 10,196 10,037 9,973

Flinders Ranges Council 1,935 1,856 1,844 1,824 1,771 Goyder Regional Council 4,666 4,570 4,465 4,406 4,382

Light Regional Council 9,524 9,911 10,107 10,342 10,594 Mallala District Council 7,004 7,364 7,831 8,136 8,439 Mount Remarkable District Council 3,165 3,053 3,023 3,011 2,938

Northern Areas Council 5,069 4,672 4,623 4,617 4,525 Orroroo/Carrieton District Council 1,136 1,074 1,068 1,038 1,013

Peterborough District Council 2,238 2,096 2,060 2,026 2,004

Port Pirie Regional Council 18,012 17,924 17,037 16,327 15,479

Wakefield Regional Council 6,763 6,799 6,746 6,707 6,638

Yorke Peninsula 11,732 11,760 11,499 11,218 11,001 Total 112,568 112,936 112,693 112,349 111,734 a These population projections should not be regarded as forecasts, but as a calculation of future populations based on particular assumptions. The assumptions are based on the results of the 1996 Census of Population and Housing and other data available in 1998 Source: Department of Transport and Urban Planning 2005 [57] The population projections for the CLGR assists in identifying areas of growth and decline in population. Population projections can be used to assess the demand for future water use, particularly residential demand. The projections do not take into account improvements or infrastructure development in any particular region nor do they recognise areas of potential industry growth.

Introduction


The projections presented in Table 1.4, in aggregate, indicate a region with a very stable population. While modest growth is forecast for the Barossa, Light and Mallala council areas, most areas are expected to experience a stable or slight decline in population over the next decade or so. The one council area forecast to suffer a significant fall is Port Pirie, where residential numbers in 2016 are expected to be almost 15 per cent below the 1996 level. The 2001 population of major towns within the local government area is detailed in Table 1.5. For the purpose of this study major towns were those towns with a population exceeding 1000 residents or the four largest towns within the local government’s jurisdiction.

Introduction


Table 1.5 Population of major towns, 2001

Local government area Major towns within the area a Population Barossa Council Nuriootpa 4,328 Tanunda 3,865 Angaston 1,933 Williamstown 1,275 Lyndoch 1,251 Barunga West District Council Bute 265 Port Broughton 225 Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council Clare 2,930 Riverton 666 Saddleworth 382 Auburn 334 Copper Coast District Council Kadina 3,745 Moonta 3,084 Wallaroo 2,720 Flinders Ranges Council Quorn 1,005 Hawker 298 Goyder Regional Council Burra 1,160 Eudunda 603 Terowie 147 Robertstown 126 Light Regional Council Kapunda 2,303 Freeling 1,141 Greenock 688 Roseworthy 538 Mallala District Council Mallala 692 Two Wells 640 Dublin 190 Mount Remarkable District Council Booleroo Centre 309 Port Germain 279 Wilmington 242 Wirrabara 238 Northern Areas Council Jamestown 1,352 Gladstone 761 Laura 511 Spalding 204 Orroroo/Carrieton District Council Orroroo 504 Peterborough District Council Peterborough 1,683 Port Pirie Regional Council Port Pirie 12,222 Crystalbrook 1,259 Napperby 253 Wakefield Regional Council Balaklava 1,522 Hamley Bridge 656 Port Wakefield 497 Snowtown 392 Yorke Peninsula Ardrossan 1,083 Maitland 992 Minlaton 753 Yorketown 645

a For the purpose of this study major towns were those towns with a population exceeding 1000 residents or the 4 largest towns within the region. Source: ABS 2005 [2]

Introduction


This information is useful in developing an understanding of the geographical distribution of the region’s population. When the population of the entire region is compared to the populations within major towns, the level of remoteness within the region can be ascertained. Table 1.6 uses the information from Table 1.5 and ABS population data to determine the proportion of population within the CLGR who reside within major towns. Table 1.6 Proportion of population living in major towns within the CLGRa

Local government area Estimated

population at June 2004

Population in major

towns

Proportion of population in major towns

Barossa Council 20,386 12,652 62% District Council of Barunga West 2,605 490 19% Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 8,300 4,312 52% District Council of Copper Coast 11,419 9,549 84% Flinders Ranges Council 1,716 1,303 76% Goyder Regional Council 4,167 2,036 49% Light Regional Council 11,711 4,670 40% District Council of Mallala 7,740 1,522 20% District Council of Mount Remarkable 2,853 1,068 37% Northern Areas Council 4,652 2,828 61% District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton 980 504 51% District Council of Peterborough 1,917 1,683 88% Port Pirie Regional Council 17,436 13,734 79% Wakefield Regional Council 6,554 3,067 47% Yorke Peninsula District Council 11,637 3,473 30% Total 114,073 62,891 55%

a For the purpose of this study major towns are those towns with a population exceeding one thousand residents or the four largest towns within the local government area. Source: ABS 2005 [2] A significant proportion of the SA Water mains water supply is to residents living within major townships. Residents who do not live within major townships and are not serviced by the SA Water supply network rely on other sources of water predominantly rainwater and groundwater. Accordingly, this assists in determining the level of consumption per resident and a profile of water consumption within the area. Across the region an average of 53 per cent of residents live within a major town however there is a great deal of variation between the areas. Only 19 per cent of the population of the District Council of Barunga West live within a major township. While in the Peterborough and Copper Coast District Councils the proportion is much higher, being 88 and 84 per cent respectively.

Introduction


1.3.1.4 Key water resources in the CLGR

The key water resources of the CLGR are summarised in Table 1.7. Water resources are currently being utilised for a range of purposes within each of the council areas. A proportion of residents in all council areas utilise water from the SA Water supply, which is primarily sourced from the River Murray but in some cases from local groundwater sources. Rainwater is widely used across the entire region for domestic consumption. Groundwater is used by residents and other users in all council areas with the exception of the District Council of Barunga West and the District Council for the Copper Coast. In these areas groundwater is not a significant resource due to quality and supply issues. Table 1.7 Key water resources in Central Local Government Region

Local government area Key water resources The Barossa Council SA Water Supply – To townships and off peak supply for

irrigation Groundwater – Prescribed water resource area controls the

use of bores, resource is becoming increasingly saline Surface Water – Prescribed water resource area controlled

use of farm dams Effluent Reuse – Limited third party irrigation and municipal

watering Stormwater Reuse – Currently discharged into creeks no

planned reuse Private Supply Scheme – Barossa Infrastructure Limited

scheme for vineyard irrigation supplies 400 growers District Council of Barunga West

SA Water Supply – Primary source of water throughout the area

Groundwater – No groundwater aquifer Rainwater – For domestic and on-farm use Effluent Reuse – Treated effluent used for municipal

watering Stormwater Reuse – Planned reuse in Bute, currently

discharged into the sea Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council

SA Water Supply – To townships and off peak supply for vineyard irrigation

Groundwater – Prescribed water resource area therefore controlled use of farm bores becoming increasingly saline

Surface Water – Prescribed water resource area therefore controlled use of farm dams

Effluent Reuse – STED schemes in operation however no current reuse

Stormwater Reuse – No planned or current reuse Supply Scheme – Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme

administered by SA Water District Council for the Copper Coast

SA Water Supply – Sole source of water for residential and industrial purposes

Groundwater – No groundwater aquifer/supply

Introduction


Local government area Key water resources Effluent Reuse –For municipal purposes Stormwater Reuse – 70 per cent of stormwater generated in

Kadina is reused for municipal watering remainder discharged into sea

The Flinders Ranges Council

SA Water Supply – Groundwater supply network.

Groundwater – Quality issues Effluent Reuse – STED Scheme under construction in

Quorn and reuse of effluent is proposed Stormwater Reuse – No intentional reuse in Quorn,

collected in a ex-railway dam in Hawker and supplements towns summer water supply

Private Supply Scheme – Ex-Railway stormwater scheme top-up source for Hawker supply

Goyder Regional Council SA Water Supply – To townships Groundwater – Open cut mine outside Burra Private Supply Scheme – Ex-Railway scheme supplies part

of the Terowie township Effluent Reuse – STED schemes in place however no reuse Stormwater Reuse – No reuse discharge directly into creeks Light Regional Council SA Water Supply – To townships Groundwater – Used for irrigation and animal husbandry Effluent Reuse – Treated effluent from the Bolivar

Treatment Plant is supplied for agriculture and horticulture within the Virginia area

Stormwater Reuse –Wetland system in place, no current reuse

Private Supply Scheme - Barossa Infrastructure Limited scheme for vineyard irrigation

District Council of Mallala SA Water Supply – To townships however, low quality due to high chlorine content

Groundwater – Prescribed in part of the area, used for horticulture

Rainwater – Fully utilised throughout area by residents Effluent Reuse – Bolivar re-use for agriculture Stormwater Reuse – No current reuse Private Supply Scheme – Bolivar re-use pipeline District Council of Mount Remarkable

SA Water Supply – Groundwater supply network to some townships

Groundwater – Quality issues therefore limitations on use Rainwater – Fully utilised throughout area by residents Effluent Reuse – Irrigation of golf course and municipal

purposes Stormwater Reuse – Not currently captured or reused Private Supply Scheme – Weerona Island sourced from SA

Water supply main Northern Areas Council SA Water Supply – To townships however limited supply

and infrastructure Groundwater – Some salinity issues therefore limited use

Introduction


Local government area Key water resources Surface Water – Some quality issues therefore limited use Effluent Reuse – Some planned municipal reuse however

none currently occurring Stormwater Reuse – Currently discharged into creeks some

are used for municipal watering District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton

SA Water Supply – Groundwater supply network to Orroroo

Groundwater – Used as supply source for Carrieton township however quality is very poor

Rainwater – Incentive scheme in place throughout the council area to encourage increased usage.

Effluent Reuse – No STED schemes or subsequent reuse Stormwater Reuse – Not harvested or reused District Council of Peterborough

SA Water Supply – Services township of Peterborough

Groundwater – Good quality however resource is being drawn down

Effluent Reuse – No STED schemes or subsequent reuse Stormwater Reuse – Reuse for municipal watering

Port Pirie Regional Council

SA Water Supply – Primary water supply to townships

Groundwater – Highly saline has minimal use Surface Water – Isolated and minimal use Effluent Reuse – Treated effluent reused for golf course

irrigation Stormwater Reuse – Discharged into saline basin and into

the sea no reuse currently Wakefield Regional Council

SA Water Supply – Only within township boundaries and limited supply during summer months

Groundwater – Varying quality predominantly used for industrial purposes

Effluent Reuse – STED schemes being upgraded to allow for reuse, some third party irrigation (olive orchard)

Stormwater Reuse – Reuse in some towns for municipal watering

Yorke Peninsula District Council

SA Water Supply – Groundwater supply network to townships limited, possibility of extending supply

Groundwater – Quality and supply varies Effluent Reuse – Reuse for municipal watering Stormwater Reuse – Combined with STEDs reuse for

municipal watering Source: Meetings between Tonkin Consulting and CLGR member councils and RDB’s held in January – March 2005

Introduction


1.3.2 Regional Industries Dependent Upon Water

As detailed in Table 1.8, SA Water classifies its customers into three groups:

• Residential; • Non-residential; and • Commercial.

Residential customers are those whose properties include houses, maisonettes, home units, flats and strata/community title residences and vacant residential land. Non-residential customers include properties other than those commercial properties covered above. Generally this classification includes industry, mining, quarrying, medical and health services premises, vacant non-residential land, land used for primary production and country lands properties. Customers classified as commercial are broadly those with land use codes related to wholesale, retail, finance and other service sectors.

Introduction

Central Local Government Region of South Australia Water Supply Investigation 20040684RA3.doc Revision: A Date: May 2005 Page: 18

Table 1.8 SA Water Supply Data

Meters Consumption Meters Consumption Meters Consumption Meters Consumption

(km2) (no.) (kL) (no.) (kL) (no.) (kL) (no.) (kL)The Barossa Council 890 6,428 1,858,833 939 1,249,635 350 139,251 7,717 3,247,719

District Council of Barunga West 1,580 596 97,638 840 464,121 21 6,191 1,457 567,950

Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 1,886 1,654 411,947 1,079 648,725 147 37,887 2,880 1,098,559

District Council of the Copper Coast 776 4,314 875,793 556 372,063 223 61,254 5,093 1,309,110

The Flinders Ranges Council 1,937 741 181,377 1,052 550,569 41 6,360 1,834 738,306

Goyder Regional Council 2,686 652 154,282 1,441 1,035,378 66 12,373 2,159 1,202,033

Light Regional Council 1,272 2,875 846,933 838 486,100 96 16,325 3,809 1,349,359

District Council of Mallala 931 2,105 619,886 613 355,786 71 11,949 2,788 987,620

District Council of Mount Remarkable 3,338 809 186,514 1,787 924,726 65 8,594 2,661 1,119,834

Northern Areas Council 2,844 1,549 348,457 1,617 879,806 134 18,500 3,300 1,246,763

District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton 975 612 132,416 541 286,651 40 3,380 1,193 422,446

District Council of Peterborough 1,108 695 150,479 615 325,753 45 3,840 1,356 480,072

Port Pirie Regional 1,648 6,823 1,769,474 1,113 2,267,355 372 162,609 8,308 4,199,438

Wakefield Regional Council 3,461 3,419 700,545 1,981 1,066,053 179 63,232 5,579 1,829,830

Yorke Peninsula District Council 4,398 4,767 779,558 2,525 1,420,692 263 36,859 7,555 2,237,109

Total 29,730 38,039 9,114,132 17,537 12,333,412 2,113 588,604 57,689 22,036,148

Total

CLGR Council SA Water Supply Area

Non-ResidentialResidential Commercial

Regional Water Supply Systems


The data on the number of meters and the level of consumption (Table 1.8) indicates that, on average, non-residential customers use 703kL per meter while residential customers only use 240kL per meter. The commercial sector1 makes a significant contribution to the region and GRP (approximately 30 per cent) while only using 3 per cent of total mains water supply. Residential and non-residential use dominate the consumption of SA Water mains supply. The most significant commercial use was in the District Council for the Copper Coast where 5 per cent of all SA Water supply was consumed by commercial customers. Within the Barossa Council and Port Pirie Regional Council 4 per cent of water use was commercial consumption. Commercial customers in the Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council, Wakefield Regional Council and Yorke Peninsula District Council areas use between 2 and 3 per cent. In all the remaining councils within the region, commercial use account for approximately 1 per cent of total consumption.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Baros

sa

Barun

ga Wes

t

Clare & G

ilbert

Vall

eys

Coppe

r Coa

st

Flinde

rs Ran

ges

Goyde

rLig

ht

Mallala

Mt. Rem

arkab

e

Northe

rn Are

as

Orroro

o/Car

rieton

Peterb

orough

Port P

irie

Wake

field

Yorke P

enins

ula

Perc

enta

ge o

f Con

sum

ptio

n

Residential Non-Residential Commercial

Source: SA Water 2004 Figure 1.2 Users of SA Water mains water supply in the Central Local

Government region, 2003/04 The overview of SA Water supply as summarised in Table 1.8 and Figure 1.2 is useful in considering how future residential and commercial growth may influence demand for the resource. The largest volumetric consumption in the CLGR in 2003/04 was by non-residential users (12,333 ML), followed by residential consumption (9,114 ML), with commercial consumption the lowest in the region (588 ML).

1 Assumed to be comprised of the region’s major service sectors, these being sectors 31 to 43 as listed in Table 2.2, excluding 37 (Ownership of Dwellings) and 41 (Health and Community Services).



The proportion of consumption of SA Water supply by non-residential users varies significantly across the CLGR. In the Goyder Regional Council jurisdiction 86 per cent of use was by non-residential consumers. Consumption by non-residential users is the District Council of Mount Remarkable and District Council of Barunga West was 83 per cent and 82 per cent respectively. The lowest proportion of non-residential use was in the District Council for the Copper Coast (28 per cent), this is most likely due to the low level of industry and relatively large number of holiday homes and seasonal residents. Water consumption per resident in 2003/04 is illustrated in Table 1.9. It should be noted that not all residents in the CLGR have access to water through the SA Water mains system and some measure of this can be gauged by the proportion of residents not living within major towns (see Table 1.5 and Table 1.6). The lowest level of consumption per person was in the District Council of Barunga West (37kL per resident), however only 19 per cent of residents in the council area live in townships that are serviced by SA Water. The smallest council area by population, the District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton was the largest consumer of water per resident (135kL per resident). Table 1.9 Residential usage per resident of SA Water supply, 2003/04

Local government area Population at June 2004

Residential water usage

(kL)

Water use per resident

(kL) Barossa Council 20,386 1,858,833 91 District Council of Barunga West 2,605 97,638 37 Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 8,300 411,947 50 District Council of Copper Coast 11,419 875,793 77 Flinders Ranges Council 1,716 181,377 106 Goyder Regional Council 4,167 154,282 37 Light Regional Council 11,711 846,933 72 District Council of Mallala 7,740 619,886 80 District Council of Mount Remarkable 2,853 186,514 65 Northern Areas Council 4,652 348,457 75 District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton 980 132,416 135 District Council of Peterborough 1,917 150,479 78 Port Pirie Regional Council 17,436 1,769,474 101 Wakefield Regional Council 6,554 700,545 107 Yorke Peninsula District Council 11,637 779,558 67 Total 114,073 9,114,132 80

Source: ABS (2004) [1], SA Water usage data. Because mains supply is generally limited to the major towns, a more informative comparison of water consumption can be made on a per meter basis (see Table 1.10)



Table 1.10 Residential consumption of SA Water per meter, 2003/04

Local government area Meters

(no.)

Residential usage

(kL)

Residential Consumption

per meter (kL/meter)

Barossa Council 6,428 1,858,833 289 District Council of Barunga West 596 97,638 164 Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 1,654 411,947 249 District Council of Copper Coast 4,314 875,793 203 Flinders Ranges Council 741 181,377 245 Goyder Regional Council 652 154,282 237 Light Regional Council 2,875 846,933 295 District Council of Mallala 2,105 619,886 295 District Council of Mount Remarkable 809 186,514 231 Northern Areas Council 1,549 348,457 225 District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton 612 132,416 216 District Council of Peterborough 695 150,479 216 Port Pirie Regional Council 6,823 1,769,474 259 Wakefield Regional Council 3,419 700,545 205 Yorke Peninsula District Council 4,767 779,558 164 Total 38,039 9,114,132 240

Residential consumption accounted for 41 per cent of the total SA Water mains supply consumption in 2003/04. Consumption is of mains supply and doesn’t include rainwater or any other supply source. Residential consumption per meter was relatively consistent across the CLGR in 2003/04. The highest level of consumption was 295kL per meter in the Light and Mallala District Council areas while the lowest level of consumption was 164kL per meter in the Barunga West and Yorke Peninsula District Council areas. The average level of consumption per meter across the CLGR was 240 kL. Residential consumption is likely to be lower in densely populated areas as garden watering typically accounts for a large proportion of residential supply. Consequently, where residential development and population growth is via infill there is minimal effect on the total quantity of water consumed in the area. Relatively low per meter consumption is also likely to occur in areas with high visitor numbers and seasonal residents, such as in the Yorke Peninsula and Copper Coast areas. Non-residential consumption detailed in Table 1.11, accounted for 56 per cent of SA Water mains supply in the CLGR in 2003/04.



Table 1.11 Non-residential consumption of SA Water, 2003/04


(no.)

Non-residential usage

(kL)

Non-residential consumption


Barossa Council 939 1,249,635 1,331 District Council of Barunga West 840 464,121 552 Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 1,079 648,725 601 District Council of Copper Coast 556 372,063 669 Flinders Ranges Council 1,052 550,569 523 Goyder Regional Council 1,441 1,035,378 719 Light Regional Council 838 486,100 580 District Council of Mallala 613 355,786 580 District Council of Mount Remarkable 1,787 924,726 517 Northern Areas Council 1,617 879,806 544 District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton 541 286,651 530 District Council of Peterborough 615 325,753 530 Port Pirie Regional Council 1,113 2,267,355 2,038 Wakefield Regional Council 1,981 1,066,053 538 Yorke Peninsula District Council 2,525 1,420,692 563 Total 17,537 12,333,412 703

Source: SA Water 2004 Non-residential consumption was relatively consistent across council areas with the exception the of Port Pirie Regional Council and Barossa Council areas. In all other areas consumption per meter was between 517 kL/meter and 719 kL/meter. Non-residential consumption per meter in Port Pirie (2,038 kL/meter) is high because of the small number of large industrial users (e.g. Port Pirie smelter). Similarly, the relatively high consumption in the Barossa (1,331 kL/meter) is due to the presence of a large number of high use wineries. The figures in Table 1.11 do not include water consumed as part of the Barossa Infrastructure Limited (BIL) scheme or Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme (CVWSS). As such non-residential consumption for the Barossa, Light and Clare and Gilbert Valleys council areas is likely to be significantly understated. Consumption data provided in Table 1.11 relates to SA Water mains supply and does not include rainwater, groundwater or other water resources. The average consumption by non-residential users across the CLGR in 2003/04 was 703 kL/.



Table 1.12 Commercial consumption of SA Water supply, 2003/04


(no.)

Commercial usage

(kL)

Commercial Consumption


Barossa Council 350 139,251 398 District Council of Barunga West 21 6,191 295 Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council 147 37,887 258 District Council of Copper Coast 223 61,254 275 Flinders Ranges Council 41 6,360 155 Goyder Regional Council 66 12,373 187 Light Regional Council 96 16,325 169 District Council of Mallala 71 11,949 169 District Council of Mount Remarkable 65 8,594 132 Northern Areas Council 134 18,500 138 District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton 40 3,380 85 District Council of Peterborough 45 3,840 85 Port Pirie Regional Council 372 162,609 437 Wakefield Regional Council 179 63,232 353 Yorke Peninsula District Council 263 36,859 140 Total 2,113 588,604 279

Source: SA Water 2004 Commercial consumption accounted for only 3 per cent of the total SA Water mains supply consumption for the CLGR in 2003/04. Overall, commercial consumption per meter was less than non-residential consumption per meter at an average of 279 kL per commercial user. Consumption is of SA Water mains supply and does not include water from any other source.



2. Regional Water Supply Systems

2.1 SA Water Supply

2.1.1 Introduction

SA Water provides potable water to approximately 1.5 million people in South Australia through nearly 25,000 km of water supply mains. Within the CLGR, SA Water operates and maintains approximately 8,000 km of water supply mains as shown in Figure 2.1. In order to understand the nature and configuration of the SA Water supply system as it now exists within the CLGR, a brief history of the development of the water supply systems within the region is provided in Section 2.1.2.

2.1.2 Historical Background to Water Supply within the Central Local Government Region

In the early history of South Australia much of the movement of people, goods and agricultural produce depended upon vessels plying along the coast. Port Augusta and Port Pirie at the head of Spencer Gulf represented the two most important points of access to northern farming and mining areas and quickly outgrew the initial approaches to water supply which consisted of rainwater tanks and carting from nearby streams. A piped water supply was provided to Port Augusta by the Government in 1865 with the supply being sourced from a spring some 20 km distant. At first water was held in tanks and the population had to draw their own supplies but later reticulation mains were laid. In 1899 Nectar Brook Reservoir was constructed, with a capacity of 705 ML, to supply the town and farmlands to the south. Port Pirie developed a similar scheme with water initially drawn from springs and then a small reservoir, with the town reticulation system progressively being constructed. Bores, springs or small dams also provided the basis for local water supply schemes in the northern inland areas. By 1885 water supplies had been provided at Crystal Brook, Moonta and Burra and in subsequent years Hawker, Quorn, Wilmington and other centres. In the far north of the State bores sourcing water from the Great Artesian Basin were developed to provide watering points on stock routes and to supply the settlements of Marree and Oodnadatta.

The BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncil

District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of MallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallala

District Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount Remarkable

Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Regional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional Council

KINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCILKINGSTON DISTRICT COUNCIL

DC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKERDC MOUNT BARKER

District Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga WestBarunga West

CITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBORCITY OF VICTOR HARBOR


District Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterboroughPeterborough

District Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / CarrietonOrroroo / Carrieton

Clare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertClare And GilbertValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys Council

DC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANTDC OF GRANT


District Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke PeninsulaYorke Peninsula

Barossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa Reservoir

Warren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren Reservoir

Lincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage Reservoir

HawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoir

Upper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage Reservoir

Redbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks Reservoir

Baroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota Reservoir

Clinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton Reservoir


GAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLER


MOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANT

ADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDE

PORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIE



MALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALA

MELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSE



JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWN




CARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETON


ROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURN



PORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDA

TARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEE

MAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLAND



Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

nta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Wilmington - Orroroo Road
















































Wilmington - Orroroo RoadP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Bo

o leroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Burra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding Road

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

ad

Sturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt Highway

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Beetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo Reservoir

Bundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer Reservoir

Barunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga Reservoir

Peak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs Reservoir

Upper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville Reservoir

South Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para Reservoir

N

Main Roads

Legend

Coastline

LGA Boundary

Central Local Government Region

Water Tank Locations

Water Treatment PlantWater Mains


I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o nSA WATER SUPPLY WITHIN

THE CLG REGION

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING

Water Data:Job Number:Filename:Drawn:Date:

DEH2004.0684Fig_21.worTricia de Vink17/03/2005

MAP DETAILS

TONKIN CONSULTING

[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 2.1

0 km25 50 75

1:1,250,000

Total length of Water Mainswithin the CLG Region = 8,122km



Some of the local schemes are still being operated, having been upgraded at various times to meet current needs. However, in the more populous rural areas they soon became inadequate for the increasing needs of the townships and had little or no capacity to provide water for stock and other farming requirements. Therefore quite early in the history of the State, the Government turned to developing comparatively large reservoirs designed to supply extensive rural areas and associated communities through an extensive network of pipelines. NORTHERN RESERVOIRS

The first such rural water supply schemes for the northern area was supplied from Beetaloo Reservoir which was constructed during the period 1885-1890. The reservoir is located on Beetaloo Springs in the lower Flinders Ranges about 20 km north of Crystal Brook. It has a capacity of 3 700 ML, the water being impounded by a concrete gravity dam 33.5 m high and 179 m long. At the time of construction Beetaloo Reservoir was the largest concrete dam in the southern hemisphere. Pipes were laid from Beetaloo Reservoir to serve Port Pirie and towns and farmlands in the area extending southwards to northern Yorke Peninsula. It was a scheme of considerable magnitude which set the pattern for subsequent rural water schemes in South Australia. In 1902 Bundaleer Reservoir, near Spalding, was completed. This permitted reticulation to the towns and farming lands south of the reservoir and provided additional water to supplement the supplies from Beetaloo Reservoir in the northern areas on Yorke Peninsula. Bundaleer Reservoir is contained by an earthen embankment 25 m high and 334 m long, and has a capacity of 6 370 ML. Water is supplied to the reservoir by concrete lined channels connected to diversion weirs on the Broughton River and Freshwater and Bundaleer Creeks. Additional water was provided for Port Pirie and other northern parts of the Beetaloo distribution system when Baroota Reservoir was completed in 1920. Situated on the Baroota Creek to the north-east of Port Germein, the reservoir has a capacity of 6 140 ML. The dam is an earthen embankment 30 m high and 300 m long. Beetaloo, Bundaleer and Baroota Reservoirs comprised the main sources of supply for the large northern distribution system until the Morgan-Whyalla Pipeline was completed during World War II to convey water from the River Murray to the area. By that time the distribution system contained more than 3 000 km of water supply mains. Following the war the water available from the Morgan-Whyalla Pipeline enabled the distribution system to be further expanded as described in the following sections.



MORGAN-WHYALLA PIPELINE

The town of Whyalla (originally called Hummocky Hill) was established early in the century by BHP Ltd. as a base for iron ore mining at Iron Monarch and Iron Knob. In 1937, when consideration was given to the large scale establishment of industry, it was evident that the continued growth of the township and its industrial development was dependant on the provision of a reliable water supply of adequate quality. Before the construction of the pipeline, Whyalla's water supplies were sourced from two small earthen dams, distillation plants and by carting in barges and on ships. Lack of water was also hindering industrial development at Port Augusta and Port Pirie and there was a progressive increase in demand for water to support mixed farming in the agricultural areas. Investigations revealed little opportunity to further expand water supply sources in the immediate northern area. So in 1940 a scheme was approved by Government for the construction of the Morgan-Whyalla Pipeline to meet the demands of Whyalla and to augment the existing northern water supply sources. Construction by the Engineering and Water Supply (E&WS) Department commenced in the same year. In order to meet industrial requirements at Whyalla caused by World War II, priority was given to the section of pipeline between Baroota Reservoir and Whyalla. This section was completed in 1941 to enable the town to be supplied from the reservoir in the short term. The remainder of this pipeline, including the pumping stations, was completed in 1944. This first pipeline followed a route from Morgan through Hanson, Spalding, Nelshaby and Port Augusta to Whyalla. The pipe diameter varied from 750 mm at Morgan to 525 mm at Whyalla and was laid above ground on concrete supports. The scheme had a bulk supply capacity of 9 550 ML per year and water was pumped through four pumping stations over a distance of 92 km and a height lift of 475 m. From the summit storage at Hanson water gravitates the remaining 287 km to Whyalla. Apart from Hanson, other storages were constructed at suitable points along the line and provision was originally made for River Murray water to be delivered to Beetaloo, Bundaleer and Baroota systems for storage and distribution through their reticulation networks. Water from Baroota Reservoir could also be pumped into the pipeline when there was a surplus. In the years following completion of this pipeline a number of extensions were made from it. These included a pipeline from Port Augusta to Woomera, branches serving Iron Knob, Jamestown and Peterborough, and a number of other country towns and farming areas.



DUPLICATION OF THE MORGAN-WHYALLA PIPELINE

The rapid development which occurred in Whyalla, Port Augusta and other northern areas soon after World War II, in particular the decision by BHP Ltd to manufacture steel at Whyalla and the establishment of an Electricity Trust power station at Port Augusta, indicated that the future demands for water were likely to exceed the capacity of the existing pipeline. To meet demand until the duplicate line was built larger pumps were installed in the four pumping stations along the existing pipeline. Laying of the pipes in the first section of the duplicate pipeline commenced early in 1962. Its diameter ranged from 1 050 mm at Morgan to 825 mm at Whyalla. The two pipelines lie side by side until they are approximately level with the Baroota Reservoir, where the second line veers across Spencer Gulf and then to Whyalla, saving 71 km in length. The laying of the submarine section of the line was an extremely complex engineering task but provided significant cost savings. The Undersea Crossing

The pipeline under the sea is 14 km long and has an internal diameter of 825 mm. The pipes are laid in a trench varying in depth from 1.2 m to 9.1 m according to the sea bed fluctuation. The trench was excavated by dredge which also backfilled it after the pipeline was laid. Prior to installation, 9 metre long pipeline lengths were assembled on the eastern side of Spencers Gulf and welded into "strings", fifteen of which were 738 m in length and one 387 m. The leading string was pulled into the undersea trench by a hydraulic hauling device fixed on the western shore and the other strings were successively moved into position behind on rail trolleys and joined by welding. Flotation tanks and a sled fitted to the front of the leading string facilitated buoyancy and guidance control along the trench. Preparation for the placing of the pipeline across the Gulf occupied the contractors for one year. The actual crossing was completed in eight days (24 hours a day) in July 1966. Additional Works

During the early stages of the construction of the second pipeline, an excavated concrete lined storage of 455 ML capacity was constructed at Lincoln Gap to provide reserve supplies during peak demand periods at Whyalla and Iron Knob. Works subsequently completed included a 91 ML storage at Hanson (summit storage), two 57 ML concrete tanks at Whyalla and six 9 ML tanks at various locations along the pipeline. As with the first pipeline, four pumping stations were used to lift the water to Hanson from where it gravitates the remainder of the distance.



All of the pumping stations were originally controlled from the main station at Morgan by means of automatic telemetry and remote control equipment. (The operational control of both the Morgan-Whyalla and Swan Reach-Stockwell pipelines is now undertaken via SA Water’s Integrated Demand Management System (IDMS) which is based at Thebarton.) The dual pipeline system has a capacity to meet demands of approximately 66 000 ML per annum. The capital expenditure on the first pipeline was $5M and the second, completed in 1967, exceeded $30M. LOWER NORTH AND YORKE PENINSULA SUPPLIES

The Warren Reservoir was built during the period 1914 to 1916 to serve towns and farmlands in the Barossa Valley and the lower northern country areas. The dam is a concrete gravity type and in 1982 was surveyed and assessed to have a capacity of 4 770 ML. The supply source for the Warren Reservoir was initially only the South Para River but in 1955 a supplementary source was provided as a result of the construction of a branch main from the Mannum-Adelaide Pipeline. From Warren Reservoir the Warren Trunk Main extends northwards through the Barossa Valley and westerly in a broad arc to terminate at a large service reservoir near Paskeville on northern Yorke Peninsula. The trunk main was designed to feed a distribution system with about 1 100 km of mains to the lower north and supplement supplies (most of which came from the Bundaleer Trunk Main) to 800 km of mains on Yorke Peninsula, through the Upper Paskeville service reservoir. The Warren Trunk Main is interconnected at various points with mains from the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline, now including a connection via the Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme (described later in this Section). The ongoing growth in demand in the lower north and Yorke Peninsula regions during the 1960s led to the construction of a pipeline from the River Murray at Swan Reach joining the Warren Trunk Main at Stockwell. This pipeline enabled supplies to the lower north of the State to be supplemented from the River Murray. In addition to providing an alternative supply source, the pipeline linking Swan Reach with Stockwell (which was commissioned in 1969) was initially designed to enable the transfer of water to the Warren Reservoir via the Warren Trunk Main during winter months and to supply townships and farming lands along its route. The pipeline is 54 km in length and 900 mm in diameter and had an initial maximum effective pumping rate of approximately 24 200 ML per annum. Three electrically operated pumping stations are utilised to the west of the River Murray to lift River Murray water 396 metres to the Moculta Tanks approximately 42 km. The water can then gravitate 12 km to the Warren Trunk Main.



MORGAN AND SWAN REACH WATER FILTRATION PLANTS

The quality of water supplied from the River Murray to the northern areas and Yorke Peninsula was a source of dissatisfaction due to its turbidity, colour, taste and odour. Consequently in September 1979 the Government decided to construct two filtration plants to treat the water extracted from The River Murray and piped via the Morgan-Whyalla and Swan Reach-Paskeville Pipelines. Construction of the Morgan Water Filtration Plant (WFP) was undertaken over the period 1983-1986. Given the long-distance nature of the pipeline system chloramination rather than chlorination is utilised in the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline in order to maximise the disinfection effectiveness throughout the pipeline. The primary objective of the disinfection of water supply systems is to maintain low levels of chlorine (“chlorine residual”) within the distribution network so as to prevent the growth of bacteria. Chloramination is a water disinfection process that utilises chloramine rather than chlorine. Chloramination has the distinct advantage over chlorination for long distance water supply systems in that it enables the maintenance of a “chlorine residual” over a longer time period. Following completion of the Morgan WFP, water quality issues arose associated with the utilisation of the three northern reservoirs as balancing storages and to supplement supply to the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline system. Benefits associated with the filtration of water would be lost if the filtered water was discharged into the open reservoir storages. Turbidity, colour, taste and odour problems could arise if unfiltered water from the reservoirs was “shandied” with the filtered Morgan water. The result of these concerns lead to a decision by Government that the reservoirs would be used for emergency supply sources only. This situation still exists today. The three reservoirs are now only utilised in the event of a major disruption to supply through the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline system. In the 1990s, the Swan Reach WFP was constructed to provide filtered water to the lower north and Yorke Peninsula regions. At that time, supply of unfiltered water from Warren Reservoir to the lower north and Yorke Peninsula region ceased however the interconnection with the Warren Trunk Main was retained to enable the reservoir to be utilised as an emergency supply source. BAROSSA VALLEY WATER SUPPLY AUGMENTATION

In the early 2000s, with the ongoing growth in demand for filtered water from the Swan Reach-Paskeville System, additional capacity was installed within the rising main section of the pipeline through the commissioning of additional pumps in two of the three pump stations. Following investigation, the growth in demand could, in part, be attributed to the use of the SA Water potable water supply system for irrigation purposes within the Barossa Valley.



The continued growth in irrigation within the Barossa Valley led to a proposal by a private company, Barossa Infrastructure Limited (BIL), to construct a non-potable irrigation supply scheme within the Barossa Valley. This project involved the bulk transport of River Murray water through the Mannum-Adelaide pipeline to Warren Reservoir by SA Water. A licence for this River Murray water was purchased by BIL. Water transported to Warren Reservoir was to be supplied to the BIL network within the Barossa Valley through utilisation of the Warren Trunk Main from its outlet at Warren Reservoir to Fromm Square. Following negotiation of bulk water transportation arrangements, augmentation of the Mannum-Adelaide to Warren transfer pipeline and construction of the BIL non-potable supply network, the BIL non-potable irrigation water supply system commenced supply to irrigation customers in the Barossa Valley in 2002. CLARE VALLEY WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

As part of the development of the Morgan-Whyalla distribution network, a water supply main, balancing storage tanks and booster pump stations were constructed to provide water supply to the Clare Valley. In 2000, SA Water Corporation commenced investigations into the potential augmentation of water supply to the Clare Valley through the Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme (CVWSS). The CVWSS was developed to meet three main objectives:

• Provide reticulated filtered water to townships in the Clare Valley; • Transfer water from the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline to the Swan Reach-

Paskeville pipeline; and • Provide irrigation water for customers in the Clare Valley region.

The scheme was developed to meet a 20 year planning horizon for the supply of potable water to the townships of Clare, Sevenhill, Penwortham, Watervale, Leasingham, Mintaro, Farrell Flat and Auburn. The scheme was also designed with the ability to transfer 20 ML/day from the Morgan-Whyalla trunk main to the Swan Reach-Paskeville system to augment supply capacity to customers on the Yorke Peninsula. In order to assess the requirements of irrigators, SA Water conducted a Registration of Interest (ROI) for potential irrigation customers in the Clare Valley region. Over 100 responses were received. In addition to the results of the ROI, a select sample of Clare Valley growers were interviewed to gain greater understanding of the irrigation practices in the region. In December 2004, the CVWSS was launched and commenced supply of potable water to the 8 townships together with irrigation water customers.



BAROSSA COUNTRY LANDS WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

The South Para River is the main source of supply for three reservoirs - Warren (built 1914-1916), Barossa (1899-1902) and South Para (1948-1958). The catchment area for the three reservoirs totals 230 km2. The Barossa Reservoir, completed in 1902, was built to serve the area between Gawler and Port Wakefield. It still serves this area, but today its principal importance is as part of the northern metropolitan Adelaide water supply system. The Barossa Reservoir is an off-stream storage, fed by an aqueduct from the Barossa Weir on the South Para River. With a capacity of 4 510 ML, it was the largest concrete arch dam in Australia at the time of its construction. The South Para Reservoir is one of the largest in South Australia, with a capacity of 44 800 ML. Construction of South Para Reservoir commenced in 1948 however due to the post-war demand on funds and resources, was not completed until 1958. In 1960, movable gates were installed, which when closed could increase the reservoir storage capacity by 6 300 ML. In 1993, these gates were removed following concern regarding their stability under certain operating conditions. South Para does not directly serve consumers; its water is discharged through an outlet tower and tunnel into the South Para River and so via the Barossa diversion Weir into the Barossa Reservoir. Adelaide's third water filtration plant, commissioned in October 1982, is at the Barossa Reservoir. The Barossa WFP supplies filtered water into the Barossa Trunk Main which extends past Gawler to Elizabeth where it merges with the northern metropolitan Adelaide distribution system. The Barossa Country Lands water supply network receives supply from the Barossa Trunk Main through an offtake located between Gawler and Kalbeeba.

2.1.3 Water Systems Elements within the Central Local Government Region

The SA Water supply system within the CLGR has been divided into nine areas:

• Barossa Country Lands Region; • Swan Reach to Barossa Junction; • Barossa Valley Component of the Warren Country Lands Region; • Western Component of the Warren Country Lands Region; • Yorke Peninsula; • Morgan Whyalla – Rising Main; • Morgan Whyalla – Gravity Section; • Independent Schemes; and • Non Potable Supplies.



The classification into these nine different regions takes into account the following factors:

• Operational considerations (Rising Main or Gravity); • Water Supply Network Configuration; • Water Supply Source (River Murray or Groundwater); • Water Supply characteristics (Potable or non potable).

In addition a tenth area where SA Water does not currently provide water supply has also been included. A Schematic of the first seven elements of the SA Water supply system that can be supplied either directly or indirectly from the River Murray is provided in Figure 2.2. An overlay of each of the ten elements and the CLGR council boundaries is presented in Figure 2.3. These elements have been the basis for discussion with SA Water and are discussed as part of the consultation summary in Section 4.

C T

ONKI

N CO

NSUL

TING

Drawing:

Drawn:Date:

Job No:Scale:

TONKIN CONSULTING

ADELAIDE

5 COOKE TERRACE

+61 8 8273 3110

+61 8 8273 3100

WAYVILLE SA 5034

NNE G I EN E R I

E

S

G

EC

I

F

T

EN

C

ELECTRICAL, MECHANICAL

BUILDING SURVEYING

ROAD SAFETY & TRAFFIC

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

WATER RESOURCES

ENVIRONMENTAL

CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE

JONES TONKIN

T +61 8 8723 5002

+61 8 8723 5004F

E

1 KRUMMEL STREET

MOUNT GAMBIER SA 5290

MOUNT GAMBIER

AND AUTOMOTIVE

STRUCTURAL

2004.0684

SA WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM SCHEMATIC

FIGURE 2.2CLGRSA REGION SCHEMATIC.dwg29.03.05C.D.

N.T.S.

RIV

ER

MU

RR

AY

WARRENRESERVOIR

4770 ML

SOUTH PARARESERVOIR

44800 ML

BAROSSARESERVOIR

4510 ML

BUNDALEERRESERVOIR

6370 ML

BEETALOORESERVOIR

3700 ML

BAROOTARESERVOIR

6140 ML

SOUTH PARA RIVER

METROPOLITAN

BAROSSA COUNTRY

LANDSYORKEPENINSULA

KADINAWALLAROO

MOONTA

WHYALLA

PORT PIRIE

EMERGENCYONLY

WOOMERA

PORTAUGUSTA

IRONKNOB

EMERGENCYONLY

EMERGENCYONLY

PETERBOROUGHJAMESTOWN

CLAREVALLEY

MORGAN - WHYALLA PIPELINES

ISOLATING VALVE

BE

ET

ALO

OT

RU

NK

MA

IN

BUNDALEER TRUNK MAIN

ISOLATING VALVE

SWAN REACH - STOCKWELL PIPELINE

BAROSSAVALLEY

BIL NETWORK

BAROSSAJUNCTION

WARREN TRUNK MAIN

8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888

7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777

5555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555

6666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666

2222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010

10101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444

19191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919191919

18181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818

9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

18181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818

20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020

18181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818


District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of District Council of MallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallalaMallala

The BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaThe BarossaCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncil


Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Port Pirie Regional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional CouncilRegional Council






District Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theDistrict Council of theCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper Coast

Wakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncil

Northern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasNorthern AreasCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncil


Regional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofRegional Council ofGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyderGoyder

Clinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton ReservoirClinton Reservoir

Redbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks ReservoirRedbanks Reservoir

Upper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldUpper WakefieldEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage ReservoirEarth Storage Reservoir

Warren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren ReservoirWarren Reservoir

Baroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota ReservoirBaroota Reservoir

Lincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage ReservoirLincoln Gap Storage Reservoir

HawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerHawkerReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoir

PORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDPORT WAKEFIELDEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDAEUDUNDA

TARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEETARLEE

MALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALAMALLALA


GAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLERGAWLER


MAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLANDMAITLAND


JAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNJAMESTOWNPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIEPORT PIRIE




AUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURNAUBURN


ROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWNROBERTSTOWN



MOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANTMOUNT PLEASANT

ADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDEADELAIDE


MELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSEMELROSE



CARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETONCARRIETON



Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Quorn

- Haw

ker R

oad

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Port W

akefield Road

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Kulpa

ra -

Mai

tland

Roa

d

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

adE

agl

e R

oad

Ea

gle

Ro

ad

Sturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt HighwaySturt Highway

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Pro

ngor

ong

Roa

d

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Haw

ker - Orroroo R

oad

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Quorn - W

ilmin

gton Road

Burra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding RoadBurra - Spalding Road

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Peterb

orough - T

erow

ie R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

dP

t A

ugus

ta -

Pt

Wak

efie

ld R

oad

Pt

Aug

usta

- P

t W

akef

ield

Roa

d

Bo

o leroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Bo

oleroo - J am

es town

Ro

ad

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Burra - Morgan Road

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Un

know

n

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Wo

rlds R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Moo

n ta - Ma

i tland R

oad

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way

Barrier

High

way


















































Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Cur

ram

ulka

Roa

d

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Stenhouse Bay Road

Beetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo ReservoirBeetaloo Reservoir

Bundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer ReservoirBundaleer Reservoir

Barunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga ReservoirBarunga Reservoir

Peak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs ReservoirPeak Springs Reservoir

Upper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville ReservoirUpper Paskeville Reservoir

Barossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa ReservoirBarossa Reservoir

South Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para ReservoirSouth Para Reservoir

N

Sub System Regions

1 - Metro Adelaide Water Supply System2 - Barossa4 - Adelaide Hills5 - Barossa Country Lands6 - Swan Reach to Barossa Junction7 - Barossa Valley Component of Warren CL Region8 - Western Component of Warren CL Region9 - Yorke Peninsula10 - Morgan Whyalla Rising Main11 - Morgan Whyalla Gravity Section18 - Independent Schemes19 - Non Potable Supplies20 - Communities Unserviced by SA Water

Main Roads

Legend

LGA Boundary

Water Tank Locations

Water Treatment Plant

Water Mains


I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o nSA WATER SUPPLY SUB-SYSTEMSAND CLGR COUNCIL BOUNDARIES

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING

Water Data:Job Number:Filename:Drawn:Date:

DEH2004.0684Fig_23.worTricia de Vink17/03/2005

MAP DETAILS

TONKIN CONSULTING

[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 2.3

0 km25 50 75

1:1,250,000



2.2 Council or Privately owned/operated Water Supply Schemes

There are some small communities within the CLGR to which SA Water does not provide a water supply. With reference to Figure 2.3, these areas are entitled “Communities not serviced by SA Water”. These communities are supplied by water from schemes run either by a private developer or Council.

2.3 Groundwater

2.3.1 Introduction

The groundwater resources available within the CLGR vary in type of aquifer, quality of water available, viability for recharge and depth to water. However, it is understood that groundwater is used within the region for agricultural purposes, irrigation and other activities (such as industrial and domestic use). Information relating to groundwater abstraction and use is limited within the CLGR. The information obtained as part of this project indicates that monitoring and control of groundwater resources only currently occurs by DWLBC within the two Prescribed Water Resource Areas (PWRA) and the Prescribed Wells Area (PWA) within the CLGR. These PWRAs and PWA are:

• Barossa PWRA; • Clare Valley PWRA; and • Part of the Northern Adelaide Plains PWA.

The State Water Plan (2000) [14] states that the ‘Mid North Region’ has an estimated 15 GL/annum groundwater use limit and current abstraction is 12 GL/annum. It notes that the majority of groundwater within the Mid North Region is fractured rock, which is spatially variable and dependent upon localised recharge. (It should be noted that the areas covered by the ‘Mid North Region’ and the CLGR are similar in size but are not coincident.)

2.3.2 Prescribed Water Resource Areas

The water resources of South Australia can be prescribed under the Water Resources Act 1997 when intense development and regional issues are causing or have the potential to cause stress on the resource. The use of water within a prescribed area is controlled by licences issued by the Minister which are required for purposes other than stock or domestic use [14]. Figure 2.4 shows the three Prescribed Water Resources Areas currently in existence within the CLGRSA: the Barossa PWRA, the Clare Valley PWRA and part of the Northern Adelaide Plain PWA.

Clare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare ValleyClare Valley

Northern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaideNorthern AdelaidePlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWAPlains PWA

Marne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andMarne River andSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders CreekSaunders Creek






Wakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncil

District Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coastthe Copper Coast







Barossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa ValleyBarossa Valley



N


PRESCRIBED WATER RESOURCE AREASWITHIN THE CLGRSA

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING

Cadastral Data:Drainage Data:Job Number:Filename:Drawn:Date:

DEHTonkin Consulting2004.0684fig_24 Ground Water.worTom Davey06/06/2005


[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 2.4

PWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRAPWRA

CLGR Boundary



2.3.2.1 Barossa Prescribed Water Resource Area

Groundwater within the Barossa region has been primarily utilised for irrigation and agricultural purposes. Grape growing has been the principal irrigation usage. Regulations relating to the extraction of groundwater have been in place since 1989. The resource is currently fully allocated at 5.0GL/year [14]. It is understood that irrigation extraction from bores in the Lyndoch and Angaston region currently exceeds the recharge rates as demonstrated by declining groundwater levels in the bores within the region [14]. The Barossa Infrastructure Limited (BIL) scheme has been introduced to supply water for irrigation purposes to the Barossa Valley. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this has reduced the amount of groundwater being used for irrigation purposes, though many of the irrigators still hold the licences associated with groundwater extraction. The Barossa PWRA also applies to surface water within the region. The State Water Plan (2000) [14] indicates that the region has 3 GL/annum of available surface water resources with an allocation of 2.8 GL/annum currently being used.

2.3.2.2 Clare Valley Prescribed Water Resource Area

The rapid development of the wine industry in the Clare Valley during the mid 1980’s led to the prescription of wells and watercourses in 1999. The current allocation of groundwater for use within the Clare Valley PWRA is 2.7GL/year [14]. The Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme has recently been completed within the Clare Valley PWRA. This scheme will increase the water available within the region for irrigation purposes. The Clare Valley PWRA is also applied to surface water within the region. The State Water Plan (2000) [14] indicates that the region has 3.2GL/year available with an allocation of 1.5GL/year currently being used.

2.3.2.3 Northern Adelaide Plains Prescribed Wells Area

The Northern Adelaide Plains aquifer has been used for irrigation of horticulture since the 1950’s. Deterioration of the water quality associated with this resource and a significant drop in the water pressure in the confined aquifer has resulted from development within the region involving increased groundwater abstractions [14]. The data available in the State Water Plan (2000) [14], indicates that the Use Limit of groundwater in the Prescribed Wells Area (PWA) is 8GL/year, however 26.5GL/year is allocated with current licensed use of 18.4GL/year occurring. This highlights that the aquifer in this region is under significant stress.



2.3.3 Aquifer Types

Information obtained from the Department of Water Land Biodiversity and Conservation indicates that three types of groundwater aquifer exist within the CLGRSA. These are Sedimentary Rock Aquifers, Fractured Rock Aquifers and Unconsolidated Sediments Aquifers. The following information has been primarily extracted from Shepherd RG (1978) “Underground Water Resources of South Australia”, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey of South Australia, Bulletin 48 [8]. The location of the various basins are indicated on Figure 2.5.

TONKIN CONSULTING

[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

BOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBOOBOROWIEBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

WALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYWALLOWAYBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

WILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRAWILLOCHRABASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

PIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSPIRIE-TORRENSBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

LOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKELOWER YORKEPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULAPENINSULA

BAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSABAROSSAVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEYVALLEY

MURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYMURRAYBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

ST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

CARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIECARRIBIEBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

ST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTST VINCENTBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

PARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEPARA WURLIEBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASINBASIN

Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Clare And Gilbert Valleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys CouncilValleys Council

Wakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalWakefield RegionalCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilCouncilDistrict Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the District Council of the

Copper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper CoastCopper Coast



District Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount Remarkable District Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of Peterborough









N


I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o n

GROUNDWATER BASINS

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING

Cadastral Data:Basin Data:Job Number:Filename:Drawn:Date:

DEHShepherd (1978)2004.0684Fig25 Ground_Water_Basins.worTom Davey07/06/2005

MAP DETAILS

Figure 2.5

AquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquiferAquifer

CLGR Boundary

Fractured Rock



2.3.3.1 Unconsolidated Sediments Aquifers

There are two aquifers within unconsolidated sediments within the CLGRSA. These are the:

• Booborowie Valley; and • Lower York Peninsula.

Booborowie Valley

The Booborowie Valley is located within the southern area of the Northern Areas Council. The valley consists of an alluvial aquifer of low relief, bounded by hilly terrain. The aquifer consists of up to 30m of gravels, silts and clays. Groundwater within the underlying rock is of variable quality and yield. Groundwater in the valley has been used for stock and irrigation. Lower York Peninsula

The lower York Peninsula consist of aeolianite (wind blown sediments) aquifers that consist of sands, calcareous shells and limestone. The quality of the groundwater within this aquifer is variable.

2.3.3.2 Sedimentary Rock Aquifers

Sedimentary basins within the CLGRSA include:

• Barossa Valley; • Pirie-Torrens Basin; • Walloway Basin; • Willochre Basin; and • St Vincent Basin.

Barossa Valley

The Barossa Valley is a non-marine sedimentary basin, consisting of sands, gravels and clays up to 200m thick. The basin consists of several aquifers, some of which are high yielding. The North Para River is a significant source of recharge in the basin, and salinity generally decreases closer to the river. Pirie-Torrens Basin

The Pirie Torrens Basin extends from south of Port Pirie to Lake Torrens in the north. The basin consists of Quaternary sediments including clays, gravels and sands, underlain by Tertiary sands which form a confined aquifer. Groundwater within the Quaternary aquifer near the coast is highly saline. The confined aquifer has been reported to be of good quality near foothills east of Port Pirie and historically used for market garden purposes.



Walloway Basin

The Walloway Basin is a non-marine sedimentary aquifer within the District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton. The maximum thickness of the aquifer is approx. 200m and consists of fine grained sands, clayey sands and clays. These sediments are of Quaternary and Tertiary age with pockets of and recent alluvium. Groundwater within the basin is generally of higher salinity, typically greater than 3000mg/l, but has been reported as being lower near Orroroo. Willochra Basin

The Willochre Basin is also a non-marine sedimentary basin that extends from Mount Remarkable to the Flinders Ranges. Sediments within this aquifer are up to 140 m thick consisting of Quaternary sediments including mottled clays with thin sands and gravel beds. The underlying Tertiary sediments consist of clays and sandy clays. An artesian aquifer (under pressure) comprising of fine-grained sands between 6–15m thick has been reported within the Tertiary sediments. The unconfined aquifer in the region is generally unsuitable for domestic or irrigation, and the confined aquifer generally has lower salinity in southern half of the basin. St Vincent Basin

St Vincent Basin is a marine depositional basin extending between Wakefield Regional Council in the north to the Adelaide Plains and the Noarlunga and Willunga embayments to the south. Within the CLGRSA, the basin exists predominantly within Wakefield Regional Council and District Council of Mallala continuing under Gulf St Vincent to the east coast of York Peninsula. The basin also includes two smaller areas within the western part of York Peninsula, called the Carribie and Parawulie Basins. St Vincent Basin consists of Tertiary-Quaternary age sediments including sands, clays and limestone. Within the CLGRSA, groundwater within the basin is extensively used in the Northern Adelaide Plains for irrigation. Elsewhere within the CLGRSA the basin is saline, particularly near the coast.

2.3.3.3 Fractured Rock Aquifers

The remainder of the CLGRSA consists predominantly of fractured rock aquifers. These aquifers exist within Adelaidean metasediments and Cambrian limestones and dolomites. Aquifer properties have complex spatial variability and are not well understood. Groundwater within the fractured rock aquifers is extensively used in the Clare Valley where studies are underway to better understand the nature of the aquifer. The aquifers are also used for some domestic water supplies, particularly within the Flinders Ranges.



2.3.4 Total Dissolved Solids (Salinity)

Spatial data provided by DWLBC details the distribution of the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), as a measure of salinity, within the shallow groundwater resource. This information is presented in Figure 2.6. By comparison, the mean salinity of water in the River Murray at Morgan from 1938 to 2004 is 370 mg/L, with the maximum recorded at 960 mg/L (source: DWLBC 2004). Information regarding maximum salinity for irrigation of various crops, fruits and vegetables is shown in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 Maximum Recommended Salinity

Crops and Pastures 850mg/L Field peas and beans 1000mg/L Broad bean, Flax 1200mg/L Clover*

Groundnut Rice (paddy)

2000mg/L Berseem clover* Corn (forage)* Millet Soy bean Lucerne Safflower Sudax

2800 mg/L Phalaria* Sorghum Sunflower*

3200mg/L Fescue* Perennial rye grass* Sudan grass*

3700mg/L Barley Cereals (wheat)* Cotton Sugar beet*

Fruit 300mg/L Loquat 700mg/L Avocado

Walnut Blackberry Strawberry

1000mg/L Apple Grapefruit Peach Raspberry Almond Lemon Pear Apricot Orange Plum



1350mg/L Fig

Grape Olive Pomegranate

Vegetables 700mg/L French beans

Peas (not above 500) 1000mg/L Beans (broad and field)

Capsicum Potato (sweet) Celery Radish Lettuce

1350mg/L Broccoli Gherkins Cantaloupe Onions Carrot* Potatoes^ Cauliflower Sweetcorn Cucumber

1750mg/L Artichoke Tomato (furrow irrigated)

2100mg/L Asparagus Cabbage Beetroot Spinach

*Relative yields for salinity figures is approx. 75%. ^Need good drainage. Salinity is usually related to the amount of rainfall in a region, which leads to recharge of the aquifer This implies that areas where the level of natural recharge of the groundwater is high will have a lower salinity level. Recharge of groundwater is likely to be higher within regions of high rainfall, or areas associated with surface water flows (i.e. creeks and rivers). The State Water Plan indicated that in the Barossa PWRA and the Northern Adelaide Plains PWA the salinity levels of the groundwater are increasing. This suggests that the abstraction of the groundwater is exceeding the rate of recharge in those areas. This observation is believed to be true throughout the CLGR, with many Councils reporting anecdotal evidence falling in the groundwater table levels.

Sedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks

SedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentaryRocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks Rocks


SedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentarySedimentaryRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocksRocks



Fractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured Rocks

UnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedUnconsolidatedSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSedimentsSediments



District Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of Peterborough













N


I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o nTOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS FOR

GROUNDWATER ACROSS THE CLGRSA

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING


DEHTonkin Consulting2004.0684Ground_Water_TDS.worTom Davey25/05/2005


[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 2.6


CLGR Boundary

Total Dissolved Solids Range(parts per million)

0 - 1,5001,500 - 3,0003,000 - 7,0007,000 - 14,00014,000 - 35,00035,000 - 200,000



2.3.5 Standing Water Level

The level from the natural surface to the top of the groundwater table is the Standing Water Level (SWL) expressed in metres. Shallower groundwater is generally found near the coast, due to the topography of the region, and within the sedimentary rock aquifers, which are generally located in valleys. Figure 2.7 shows the SWL for the groundwater within the CLGR. Shallow groundwater is more readily accessed than groundwater at greater depth due to reduced bore construction costs. This will impact on the potential for use of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) within a particular region.

2.3.6 Aquifer Yield

DWLBC has also provided information on the yield of the shallow aquifers within the CLGR. Yield is measured as the rate of extraction over a period of time, for the data provided this is L/s. Figure 2.8 shows estimates of the groundwater yield throughout the CLGR. Recharge is likely to be more prevalent in areas with high rainfall or adjacent to surface water systems (i.e. creeks and rivers). Fractured rock aquifers can have a high yield but a very low storage coefficient. That is the water can be easily extracted but there is not a large quantity of water available. Sedimentary rock may have lower yield but more water may be available as the water exists in the fractures and pores of the sedimentary rocks.

2.3.7 Aquifer Storage and Recovery

Aquifer storage and recovery involves the insertion of water into a groundwater aquifer for subsequent extraction. It is important to note that EPA approval is required for insertion of water to an aquifer and that the quality of water inserted must be of a higher quality than the existing water within the aquifer [25]. It is generally possible to create a fresh water bubble in an aquifer, though some cross mixing will occur. As discussed, three main aquifer types are located within the CLGRSA, unconsolidated sediments, sedimentary rocks and fractured rocks. Unconsolidated sediments are generally observed to have difficulties with the development of wells and therefore are generally not suitable for aquifer storage and recovery. Fractured rocks are not preferred due to the low volumes of water that can be stored within the aquifer. A plan has also been prepared showing areas where the combination of shallow groundwater, high yield and low salinity exists. These areas, highlighted in Figure 2.9, are likely to be more suitable than those not marked for Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) projects, though the low yield of the sedimentary rock aquifers has lead to limited sites within these aquifers being included. It should be noted that this does not make allowance for the aquifer type and its suitability for ASR.























N


I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o nSTANDING WATER LEVELS FOR

GROUNDWATER WITHIN THE CLGRSA

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING


DEHTonkin Consulting2004.0684Ground_Water_SWL.worTom Davey25/05/2005


[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 2.7


CLGR Boundary

Standing Water Level Range(metres)

0 - 22 - 55 - 1010 - 2020 - 500























N


I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o nGROUNDWATER YIELD (L/S)

TROUGHOUT THE CLGRSA

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING


DEHTonkin Consulting2004.0684Ground_Water_YLD.worTom Davey25/05/2005


[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 2.8


CLGR Boundary

Yield Range(L/S)

0 - 0.50.5 - 2.52.5 - 55 - 2525 - 5050 - 500






Fractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksFractured RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks



District Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council of PeterboroughDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofDistrict Council ofMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount RemarkableMount Remarkable














N


I s s u e s I n v e s t i g a t i o nAREAS OF SHALLOW, HIGH YIELD &

LOW SALINITY GROUNDWATER IN THE CLGRSA

© TO

NKIN

CON

SULT

ING

TONKIN CONSULTING

[email protected]

www.tonkin.com.auWE


+61 8 8273 3100+61 8 8273 3110

ADELAIDE

Figure 2.9


CLGR BoundaryYield (5 - 500 L/S)SWL (0 - 20 metres)TDS (0 - 3,000 mg/L)


DEHTonkin Consulting2004.0684Ground_Water_ALL.worTom Davey25/05/2005

MAP DETAILS



2.4 Treated Effluent Re-use

2.4.1 Introduction

The current reuse of treated effluent within the Central Local Government Region is predominantly associated with Septic Tank Effluent Disposal Schemes (STEDS). Of the 15 Councils within the CLGR, 13 have STEDS and of those 13, 11 reuse the treated effluent for irrigation purposes. The two Councils without STEDS or sewer systems are the District Councils of Orroroo / Carrieton and Peterborough. During this study, it was confirmed that the total number of STEDS which utilised a treated effluent irrigation system was 34. Current reuse of treated effluent from STEDS across the region equates to approximately 65% of the volume of effluent collected. Treated effluent irrigation reuse schemes vary across the CLGR and include Council and privately operated systems. Treated effluent irrigation usage across the CLGR includes golf courses, woodlots, pasture cropping and vineyards.

2.4.2 Background to STEDS and Effluent Reuse

STEDS are systems used for the collection, treatment and disposal of septic tank effluent emanating from household, commercial and industrial wastewater (where approved). STEDS are commonly used in rural communities where a conventional sewerage system is not economically viable. STEDS are usually owned and operated by the local Council. STEDS were first developed in Australia in 1962 by the South Australian Health Commission, and originally known as Common Effluent Drainage Schemes or CEDS. In 1990, the common naming of these schemes was changed from CEDS to STEDS. STEDS were initially designed to incorporate disposal mechanisms, such as evaporation lagoons and/or outfall discharge points. However, in more recent years with the increased value placed on water resources, STEDS are now commonly designed with an associated irrigation reuse system. In 2004, the number of STEDS operating in South Australia had grown to encompass approximately 10% of all of the public wastewater services provided in the State, which is equivalent to over 18 ML of septic tank effluent daily. In addition to the significant volume of septic tank effluent being collected and treated by STEDS, it was also noted that over 50% of the treated effluent was being used for irrigation and other reuse applications.



2.4.3 Legislative Requirements

STEDS can be implemented under the Local Government Act 1999 and Public and Environmental Health (Waste Control) Regulations 1995 and must comply with the following legislation and legislative tools:

• Environment Protection Act 1993; • Public and Environmental Health Act 1987; • Water Resources Act 1997; • Public and Environmental Health (Waste Control) Regulations 1995; • Development Act 1993; • Local Government Act 1993; and • Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003.

The Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003 (EPP) prohibits the discharge of any water into a watercourse or water source, which does not meet water quality requirements, as set out in the policy. This in turn means that many of the previously approved practices for the disposal of treated effluent from STEDS including discharge to a watercourse or water source do not comply with the current EPP. STEDS operating under an EPA Licence where treated effluent is used for irrigation by land disposal or crop production are required to have a Monitoring Program. The program must incorporate an irrigation management plant (IMP) and comply with the requirements as set out in the South Australian Reclaimed Water Guidelines – Treated Effluent, EPA/DHS, 1999 [23]. Monitoring Programs for STEDS are generic and typically include infrastructure details, septic tank and treated effluent information in terms of quality and quantity, proximity to environmentally sensitive areas and any treated effluent reuse details. IMPs, on the other hand, are specific to treated effluent reuse schemes and take into account the physical features of the site to be irrigated, soil characteristics, impact on surface and ground waters, and air quality. The objective of an IMP is to describe in appropriate detail the sustainable management of the treated effluent reuse scheme.

2.4.4 Current Effluent Reuse in CLGRSA Region

The Barossa Council

The Barossa Council currently own and operate 7 STEDS with another scheme in the final stages of design. The STEDS operated by the Barossa Council serve the following townships:



• Lyndoch; • Mount Pleasant; • Nuriootpa; • Penrice; • Stockwell; • Tanunda; • Williamstown; and • Stockwell (being designed).

In addition, Angaston is serviced (owned and operated) by a SA Water sewer scheme. Many of the STEDS located within The Barossa Council were installed over 30 years ago. A range of upgrade works have been implemented by the Council to ensure that their STEDS are compliant with the current standards, which in many cases has involved the upgrade and/or extension of the associated treated effluent reuse systems. Current treated effluent reuse practices undertaken by The Barossa Council are predominantly third party vineyard irrigation, as well as irrigation of the Mount Pleasant golf course. Overall, the current reuse within the Barossa Council is reported to be 337 ML per annum which is equivalent to 41% of the septic tank effluent collected and treated at the Council STEDS. The principal quality of treated effluent expected at the STEDS is equal to Class C reclaimed water as defined by the South Australian Reclaimed Water Guidelines.

District Council of Barunga West

Since the 1960s, the District Council of Barunga West has operated a single STEDS for the Township of Bute. The Bute STEDS contains an oxidation lagoon which discharges to an evaporation lagoon. There are currently no reuse applications in place, however due to the age of the scheme Council are considering a system upgrade to achieve compliance with current standards. The system upgrade may incorporate a reuse system. Barunga West Council is also currently commissioning a STEDS to service the Township of Port Broughton. The Port Broughton STEDS includes a wastewater treatment plant, winter storage facility and reuse system involving the irrigation of the town’s sporting oval and golf course.



Following the full commissioning of the Port Broughton STEDS, the District Council of Barunga West is anticipated to reuse approximately 40 ML of treated effluent (Class B reclaimed water) annually from the Port Broughton STEDS alone. This volume of treated effluent is equivalent to the reuse of 74% of the septic tank effluent collected by the Council operated STEDS.

Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council

The Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council currently owns and operates 3 STEDS servicing the major townships of Clare, Riverton and Saddleworth. Each of these 3 STEDS is approximately 30 years old and have had little or no upgrade during their lifetime. Of the 3 schemes only Clare currently reuses a proportion of its treated effluent for irrigation of the golf course. The remainder of the Clare STEDS treated effluent is evaporated or discharged to the river during wet winters. The treated effluent is shandied to achieve a class of water suitable for irrigation at the golf course. The usage of treated effluent by the golf course is approximately 70 ML per annum, which is equivalent to 33% of the septic tank effluent collected and treated by the scheme. The Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council is currently considering alternative reuse options for the treated effluent produced by its STEDS due to the introduction of the EPP 2003 and the associated compliance requirements.

District Council of the Copper Coast

The District Council of the Copper Coast currently own and operate 2 STEDS located in Kadina and Wallaroo. The Council has recently awarded a contract for the design of a new STEDS to service the townships of Moonta and Moonta Bay. Both existing schemes include reuse applications which involve the irrigation of the respective township golf courses. Both schemes have undergone treatment system upgrades to achieve Class B reclaimed water classification for their treated effluent. The current reuse of treated effluent in relation to the total volume of septic tank effluent collected and treated by STEDS within the District Council of the Copper Coast is 43%. This equates to the irrigation of 180 ML of treated effluent per annum.

The Flinders Ranges Council

The Flinders Ranges Council currently own and operate 2 STEDS servicing the townships of Hawker and Quorn. Both STEDS consist of oxidation lagoons for treatment purposes which discharge to evaporation lagoons.



The total annual volume of effluent collected and treated by the 2 STEDS is approximately 70 ML.

Regional Council of Goyder

The Burra and Eudunda STEDS are located within the Regional Council of Goyder. Both were designed and commissioned over 25 years ago. The Eudunda STEDS has been upgraded since its initial commissioning to incorporate a reuse system to irrigate the town’s sporting oval, in addition to its existing evaporation disposal. The reuse system is currently not operational due to insufficient treated effluent volumes being made available for irrigation purposes. The Eudunda STEDS has the potential to irrigate an annual volume of 40ML of Class C reclaimed water.

Light Regional Council

The Light Regional Council currently own and operate 4 STEDS which service the townships of Kapunda, Greenock, Freeling and Roseworthy. Of the 4 STEDS, the Light Regional Council operate 3 reuse systems which on average irrigate 68 ML per annum of treated effluent. The Kapunda STEDS reuse system involves the shandying of treated effluent with harvested stormwater. The mixed treated effluent and harvested stormwater is used to irrigate its golf course and memorial gardens. Treated effluent from Greenock STEDS is reused on third party vineyards. Roseworthy STEDS treated effluent is used to irrigate a dedicated woodlot. Approximately 25% of the effluent collected and treated at the 4 STEDS is currently reused.

District Council of Mallala

Due to the District Council of Mallala’s proximity to metropolitan Adelaide and the ready availability of generous land area for the installation of onsite wastewater systems, the Council area has only 1 STEDS in operation at Middle Beach. The Middle Beach STEDS was recently commissioned, and incorporates a wastewater treatment plant and dedicated woodlot irrigation reuse site. Middle Beach is a shack area which initiated free hold in 2003. The State Government made it mandatory for all shack areas to be connected to a waste control system, such as a STEDS, if they were to become free holded.



Middle Beach has 20 permanently occupied residential dwellings with the remaining properties being frequented by a seasonal population during holiday periods. The wastewater treatment plant produces Class B treated effluent, and the anticipated annual woodlot irrigation volume is approximately 9 ML.

District Council of Mount Remarkable

The District Council of Mount Remarkable currently own and operate 2 STEDS servicing the townships of Wilmington and Melrose. Both STEDS are of similar in size. The Wilmington STEDS consists of oxidation lagoon for treatment which discharges to evaporation lagoons. The Melrose STEDS includes a reuse system for irrigation of the town sporting oval. The combined volume of effluent collected and treated by the 2 STEDS is approximately 30 ML per annum. Approximately 50% of the effluent collected and treated by the 2 STEDS is used for irrigation purposes.

Northern Areas Council

The Northern Areas Council has commissioned the Gladstone STEDS adding to their 2 existing STEDS located in Jamestown and Laura. As part of the installation of Gladstone scheme, Council have included a treated effluent reuse component. Jamestown and Laura were both some of the earliest schemes to be installed in South Australia and utilise evaporation lagoons for disposal of the treated effluent. It is anticipated that the Gladstone STEDS will reuse all of the treated effluent produced by the plant which equates to an annual volume of approximately 40 ML, or 27% of the total volume of treated effluent being collected and treated within the Northern Areas Council area. The treated effluent being produced by the Gladstone STEDS is Class B reclaimed water, and is to be used for irrigation of the sporting oval.

Port Pirie Regional Council

The Port Pirie Regional Council currently own and operate two STEDS located in Crystal Brook and Napperby. The township of Port Pirie is serviced by a sewerage system owned and operated by SA Water. Both STEDS involve reuse systems which irrigate dedicated woodlot areas. The annual volume of treated effluent reused for irrigation purposes is 90ML. This is 100% of the septic tank effluent collected and treated by the two schemes.



Port Pirie is currently serviced by a SA Water sewer scheme. The salinity levels of the effluent at the lagoon are similar to those of sea water and therefore not suitable for reuse. The treated effluent is currently discharged to the Gulf of St Vincent.

Wakefield Regional Council

The Wakefield Regional Council own and operate 5 STEDS servicing the major townships of Balaklava, Blyth, Port Wakefield, Hamley Bridge and Snowtown. The Council has recently upgraded the Port Wakefield STEDS and is considering upgrade works for the Blyth scheme. The recent upgrade of the Port Wakefield STEDS incorporated an extension to the scheme and the addition of a reuse system for irrigation of the town’s golf course. Based on current population figures and the design population of the STEDS extension, it is assumed that the scheme will reuse approximately 17 ML per annum. The remaining STEDS utilise evaporation to disposal of the treated effluent.

DC Yorke Peninsula

The District Council of the Yorke Peninsula own and operate the most STEDS throughout the Central Local Government Region. There are 16 STEDS located within the District Council of the Yorke Peninsula, most of which have been developed and implemented as part of a shack area free holding process. The major townships serviced by STEDS include:

• Maitland; • Ardrossan; • Yorketown; • Hardwick Bay; • Point Turton; • Port Vincent; and • Port Victoria.

The remaining STEDS operated by Council are located at the following shack and holiday areas, with most areas having been passed over from private corporations/ holdings to Council’s control at the end of a warranty period:

• Black Point; • Tiddy Widdy Beach; • Rogues Point; • Sultana Point; • Chinaman Wells; • Balgowan;



• Bluff Beach; • Foul Bay; and • Port Julia.

The District Council of the Yorke Peninsula is the only Council area which reuses 100% of the treated effluent produced at its STEDS and/or sewerage schemes. The annual volume of reused treated effluent is approximately 500 ML. The treated effluent being predominantly Class B is reused for the irrigation of woodlots, golf courses, sporting ovals, and pasture crops (lucerne).

2.4.5 Summary

Table 2.2 summarises the populations, volume of effluent collected by STEDS and sewerage systems, volume of treated effluent reused and the treated effluent class achieved within each township operating a scheme/system. It should be noted that the populations and volumes have been obtained from information provided by each Council, relevant published reports, and ABS. Table 2.2 Population, Volume of Effluent Collected and Treated for STEDS

operating in the CLGR

TOWNSHIP POPULATION VOLUME OF EFFLUENT PRODUCED (ML)

VOLUME OF TREATED EFFLUENT REUSE (ML)

TREATED EFFLUENT CLASS (SA Reclaimed Guidelines)

THE BAROSSA COUNCIL Nuriootpa 5500 301 0 C Tanunda 5700 312 160 (min) C Lyndoch 1230 67 67 C Williamstown 1450 79 79 C Penrice 270 15 0 Stockwell 280 15 0 Mount Pleasant 550 30 30 C Angaston DISTRICT COUNCIL OF BARUNGA WEST Bute 265 15 0 Port Broughton 730 40 40 B CLARE AND GILBERT VALLEYS COUNCIL Clare 2860 146 70 C Riverton 840 43 0 Saddleworth 421 22 0 DISTRICT COUNCIL OF THE COPPER COAST Kadina 3745 210 126 B Wallaroo 3850 205 54 B THE FLINDERS RANGES COUNCIL Hawker 298 16 0 Quorn 1005 55 0



TOWNSHIP POPULATION VOLUME OF EFFLUENT PRODUCED (ML)

VOLUME OF TREATED EFFLUENT REUSE (ML)

TREATED EFFLUENT CLASS (SA Reclaimed Guidelines)

REGIONAL COUNCIL OF GOYDER Burra 1106 61 0 Eudunda 603 33 0 B LIGHT REGIONAL COUNCIL Kapunda 2303 126 44 B Freeling 1141 63 0 Greenock 688 38 5 C Roseworthy 867 48 19 B THE MALLALA COUNCIL Middle Beach 168 9 9 B DISTRICT COUNCIL OF MOUNT REMARKABLE Wilmington 242 13 0 Melrose 250 14 14 B NORTHERN AREAS COUNCIL Gladstone 700 38 38 B Jamestown 1382 76 0 Laura 511 28 0 PORT PIRIE REGIONAL COUNCIL Crystal Brook 1412 77 77 C Napperby 241 13 13 B Port Pirie 13263 726 0 WAKEFIELD REGIONAL COUNCIL Balaklava 1522 830 0 Blyth 284 15 0 Port Wakefield 320 17 17 B Hamley Bridge 656 36 0 Snowtown 392 22 0 DISTRICT COUNCIL OF YORKE PENINSULA Maitland 999 55 55 B Ardrossan 1081 60 60 B Black Point 100 6 6 B Tiddy Widdy Beach 50 3 3 B Yorketown 700 38 38 B Rogues Point 537 29 29 B Sultana Point 277 15 15 B Hardwick Bay 800 44 44 B Chinaman Wells 39 2 2 B Point Turton 940 52 52 B Balgowan 495 27 27 B Port Victoria 1008 55 55 B Port Vincent 1484 81 81 B Bluff Beach 86 4 4 B Foul Bay 142 8 8 B Port Julia 252 14 14 B



2.5 Stormwater Re-use

Reuse of stormwater within the CLGRSA member Councils is not widely adopted. The District Council of Copper Coast and the District Council of Yorke Peninsula combine stormwater from Kadina and Maitland respectively with the treated effluent. The mixed stormwater and treated effluent is used for municipal purposes. Wakefield Regional Council has a stormwater harvesting program in operation at Snowtown and Blyth with the water re-used for municipal purposes. In a few locations within the CLGR, old railway dams capture stormwater from the town which is used for a variety of purpose ranging from municipal watering to being available to the community as additional water supply. The majority of the towns within the CLGRSA discharge their stormwater either to a creek system adjacent to the township or directly to the sea. There are significant opportunities for the member Councils to review the stormwater systems within the communities and utilise this potential resource for municipal watering. The State Water Plan (2000) [14] indicates that approximately 4 GL/annum of stormwater potentially could be reused. Current stormwater reuse is estimated to be less than 1 GL/annum. This report has not attempted to address the existing state of the stormwater drainage systems or the issues associated with the current drainage network, but only to consider existing and potential re-use opportunities.

2.6 Surface Water

The CLGRSA has a number of surface water resources located within its boundaries. The surface water use is largely for agricultural purposes, through local farm dams. Controls over surface water resource use are limited to Prescribed Water Resource Areas and development approvals through Council for dams over a certain size. Only two Prescribed Water Resource Areas exist within the CLGR for surface water, these are the Barossa PWRA and the Clare Valley PWRA. DWLBC have prepared a number of River Management Plans for areas that will become part of the Northern and Yorke Agricultural District Natural Resource Management Board area. These River Management Plans aim to ensure that the flow regime of the watercourses meets the needs of the environment, improves the habitat conditions and enhances aquatic and riparian biodiversity.



Discussion with the Northern and Yorke Agricultural District interim Natural Resource Management Board indicated that a number of the historic farm dams in the region were constructed as on-stream dams, which cause more environmental damage than turkeys-nest dams. They noted that there was little opportunity, without significant capital expense and community eduction, to remove the on-stream dams from the rivers. They also noted that the health of rivers and creeks within the region was generally poor and that increased use of the water resources associated with the systems would cause increased environmental damage. Three SA Water reservoirs exist within the CLGR, Beetaloo, Bundaleer and Baroota. These reservoirs are utilised by SA Water as emergency storages and provide an alternative supply source in the event of a major disruption to the Morgan-Whyalla pipeline system. These storage facilities have previously been discussed as part of the SA Water historical supply system. The State Water Plan (2000) [14] indicates that 12GL/year of surface water is available with only 5GL/year currently being used within the Mid North Region.

2.7 Current Water Usage and Pricing Arrangements

2.7.1 SA Water Supply

The Yorke Peninsula and the Mid North (northern region) rely mostly on River Murray water transported through two major pipelines, Swan Reach to Paskeville and Morgan to Whyalla respectively, for approximately 97 per cent of total water consumption. The remainder of water sourced in these areas is from groundwater resources [47]. Sustainable use of the River Murray resource is seriously threatened because too much water is being taken from across the Murray-Darling river system, primarily for irrigation. Regulation and water diversions have reduced the flow at the Murray Mouth to approximately 27 per cent of the natural flow, with serious implications for the environment. In 2003/04 the flow of River Murray water to South Australia was as low as 59 per cent of entitlement flow under the Murray-Darling Basin agreement due to drought conditions. This has serious repercussions for water supplies for urban settlements, industry and irrigated agriculture as well as the health of the river. Increasing salinity could potentially reduce the yield from irrigated crops and could cause permanent damage to plants [47]. An outline of the SA Water supply and usage charges is provided in Section 2.7.8 of this report.



2.7.2 Groundwater Supply

Management of groundwater should aim to ensure that the resource is being used sustainability. Groundwater management is difficult due to the common property nature of the resource and the large number of irrigators/users [20]. The common property characteristics and the existence of multiple users tend to result in the overuse of groundwater resources. In a few areas within the CLGR groundwater is used by SA Water to supply townships and urban areas outside the coverage of the Swan Reach-Paskeville and Morgan-Whyalla pipeline systems. Mains water, regardless of source, is metered and charged in accordance with SA Water’s supply and usage charges, as outlined elsewhere in this report. In agricultural areas, landholders use groundwater for irrigation and other purposes. In most cases the groundwater is taken by means other than the mains water system. Consequently, such water use is not metered, except in prescribed areas, and supply and usage charges are not applicable. It is the water users’ responsibility to pay for infrastructure and any private supply charges incurred including electricity for pumping and drilling costs for bores. The exceptions to this access without charge are areas that have prescribed water usage, these being in the Barossa and Clare Valley regions. There are currently no usage costs associated with groundwater consumption in the Clare Valley however a levy could be introduced in the future. Use of groundwater in the Barossa does attract a levy that is based on the licensed allocation as outlined elsewhere in this report [49]

2.7.3 Surface Water

Surface water is any water that occurs on the land surface including run-off, creeks, streams, dams and reservoirs [47]. Where surface water occurs on a property the landholder has unlimited use of the resource without incurring supply or usage charges except the private costs including pumping and storage. The exception to this is where water use in the area is prescribed. In the CLGR the Clare and Barossa Valleys are the only prescribed areas. In the Clare Valley there are currently no costs involved in the use of surface water, however a levy may be introduced in the future. There are costs associated with surface water consumption in the Barossa region, where water users must pay Catchment Environment Levies as detailed in Section 2.7.9 [49]. There are three reservoirs in the CLGR: Baroota, Beetaloo and Bundaleer. Currently, usage is minimal due to concerns about water quality. A portion of Beetaloo Reservoir is currently used by a horticulturalist who is responsible for costs associated with infrastructure and transport of water.



2.7.4 Rainwater

There is currently no charge for the usage of rainwater collected in tanks in the Central Local Government region. It is the users’ responsibility to pay for the costs of purchase, installation and maintenance of rainwater tanks. Some local governments in South Australia and elsewhere in Australia have developed incentive schemes to minimise the costs of installing a rainwater tank for domestic use. These schemes are designed to increase rainwater consumption and decrease pressure on other water sources such as mains water and groundwater. Increasing the quantity of captured rainwater should reduce the quantity of stormwater. The City of Prospect, a metropolitan council in Adelaide’s north, trailed a scheme of this type in 2004, offering reimbursement for costs associated with the installation of water conservation devices, including rainwater tanks. They offered a reimbursement of up to $250 for plumbing a rainwater tank to a toilet, washing machine, hot water service or whole house. Hunter Water Australia, who manage water supply in the Hunter region of NSW, offer an incentive to customers who install a rainwater tank. As with the Prospect council scheme, the tank must be ‘plumbed’ to the home. In order for the tank to be considered to be ‘plumbed’ it must be connected to internal devices within the home. The rebates for installation range from $300 to $650, depending on the size of the tank installed. Residential, commercial and industrial customers of Hunter Water are all eligible to apply for the rebate scheme [52]. The District Council of Orroroo Carrieton is the smallest local government in South Australia by population, and has only one town with access to a mains water supply system. All other residents of the District Council must find an alternative source of water, which is generally groundwater. Traditionally the council has transported water to residents not connected to the mains supply such as in the town of Carrieton. This operation is difficult due to a lack of adequate storage facilities and is an expensive and inefficient use of council resources. In 2003 the council initiated a scheme to supply households with a rainwater tank at a discount rate. The scheme has been a success. Six months after it was introduced 55 per cent of residents in the council area had access to drinking water and an adequate storage facility. The scheme has also minimised the demand for expensive transported water. The council offers the tanks to residents and businesses for purchase, who are then responsible for the installation and maintenance of the tank [55].

2.7.5 Effluent Reuse

There are many benefits to schemes such as Septic Tank Effluent Disposal (STED) schemes including a reduction in pollution of groundwater and surface water systems and protection of the local environment. STED schemes involve the treatment of wastewater for reuse in agriculture and irrigation of public parks, sports fields and other common areas [55].



Increasing the rate of reuse of treated effluent is a water resource management goal of many councils in the CLGR. There are many advantages of using treated effluent over stormwater including volume, quality and temporal supply availability. While STED schemes are used throughout the CLGR, the reuse of treated effluent is limited, mostly only for municipal irrigation of sports fields and golf courses. Within the Barossa Council jurisdiction there is some reuse of treated effluent for the irrigation of vineyards. Users pay 13c/kL and are responsible for all costs associated with infrastructure, transport and on-farm storage. Overall the demand for treated effluent seems low most likely due to the stigma associated with the water source [45]. The extent of reuse of treated effluent by individual councils within the CLGR is outlined in Table 2.3. Clearly STED schemes are operating in most of the CLGR, however treated effluent reuse is a resource that is currently underutilised. Table 2.3 Effluent reuse in the Central Local Government region

Local government area Effluent reuse The Barossa Council Some reuse for third party irrigation and

municipal watering District Council of Barunga West Use for municipal irrigation. Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council Irrigation of Clare Golf Course only. District Council for the Copper Coast Municipal watering. Flinders Ranges Council STED scheme under construction in Quorn,

effluent is intended for reuse. Goyder Regional Council Two schemes however no functioning reuse. Light Regional Council Municipal watering and some third party

irrigation. District Council of Mallala One small scheme, water used on woodlot. District Council of Mount Remarkable Reuse to water the oval and partial irrigation of

golf course. Northern Areas Council No current reuse, some proposed reuse in the

future. District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton No STED schemes located in council, therefore

no reuse. District Council of Peterborough No STED schemes located in council, therefore

no reuse. Port Pirie Regional Council Treated effluent used for municipal watering and

on a woodlot. Wakefield Regional Council Limited reuse on golf course and commercial

olive orchard. Yorke Peninsula District Council Municipal watering and woodlot.

Source: Member council meetings held in January - March 2005



2.7.6 Stormwater Reuse

South Australia generates approximately 130 GL of stormwater per year, the majority of which is discharged to sea. Only 20 GL is currently being reused. While the vast majority of this stormwater is generated in the Adelaide Metropolitan area there is still scope for stormwater recycling in regional South Australia. Most stormwater re-use schemes involve Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) facilities. ASR involves catchment of unused surface water and storing it in underground aquifers for re-use during times of peak demand [47]. ASR has limitations in the CLGR due to aquifer types. As a result, alternative storage method may be more appropriate. This should be assessed on a case-by-case basis. Table 2.4 Stormwater reuse in CLGR

Local government area Stormwater reuse The Barossa Council No planned or current reuse

District Council of Barunga West No current reuse, discharged directly into the sea

Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council No planned or current reuse, discharged into creeks

District Council for the Copper Coast Limited reuse for municipal watering The Flinders Ranges Council No intentional reuse Goyder Regional Council No reuse, discharged into creeks Light Regional Council Sent through wet lands situation to gain

environmental benefits, no reuse District Council of Mallala No reuse District Council of Mount Remarkable No current reuse however plans to utilise this

resource in the future Northern Areas Council Limited reuse for municipal watering District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton No current reuse District Council of Peterborough Reused for council activities such as roadwork Port Pirie Regional Council Reuse limited due to salinity issues Wakefield Regional Council Reuse to water ovals and public parks

Yorke Peninsula District Council Township of Maitland stormwater is combined with STED scheme water and used for municipal watering

Source: Member council meetings held in January - March 2005 Most of the communities within the CLGR are located within a close proximity to the coast or to a creek. Subsequently most stormwater is discharged directly into the ocean or creek system, without any treatment or quality control. Generally, due to the readily available system of disposal, little to no stormwater reuse occurs. In some communities there are stormwater reuse schemes in place, generally reuse is for municipal watering.



Stormwater is a greatly underutilised resource and there is significant potential for this resource to be captured and used for irrigation or other purposes. While this potential is widely recognised across the region, the costs associated with stormwater harvesting and reuse are currently prohibitive.

2.7.7 Water Supply Schemes

2.7.7.1 Barossa Infrastructure Limited Scheme

In 1999 SA Water and the corporate entity Barossa Infrastructure Limited (BIL) agreed to transport water from the River Murray via the Warren Reservoir to the Barossa region using existing SA Water infrastructure. The agreement followed the introduction of water restrictions in the region, which limited further vineyard development. The private scheme transports up to 10,000 ML per annum from the River Murray via the Warren Reservoir to customers in the Barossa [27]. Barossa Infrastructure Limited (BIL) is a public company that provides low salinity supplementary irrigation water from the River Murray. The BIL scheme is able to provide secure water to customers under the terms of its water supply agreement with SA Water (Rural Funds Management Limited 2005). The BIL scheme offers its customer two types of water: Premium Water: Available on demand throughout the year, in particular in the

months of December to March; and Off Peak Water: Available to Premium Water customers in April to November,

ideally for storage in dams or bore recharge. Table 2.5 BIL scheme charges, 1999

Description Cost Consumption costs Premium water 35c/kL (indexed) plus infrastructure levy Off-Peak water 55c/kL (indexed) Infrastructure Levy: First five years $795/ML per annum Subsequent ten years $420/ML per annum After June 2016 $0/ML per annum

Source: BIL 1999 p. 5. Each customer is required to enter into a long-term contract (20 + 20 years) for delivery of water. These contracts must be take or pay contracts. In the event that the customer chooses not to take delivery of water they will be required to make a reduced payment of 25c/kL ($250/ML). Customers’ contracts do allow for water trading whereby it is possible to trade with other BIL customers [4].



There are also charges associated with the initial access to the scheme in the form of capital investment through share purchase. There is an initial charge of $500 for each megalitre of Premium Water required, and a subsequent charge of $1250 per mega litre. These charges are in addition to those specified in Table 2.5 and are applied as follows:

• $500.00/ML 500 ordinary shares in BIL • $1250.00/ML 1250 ordinary shares in BIL

Each participant in the scheme is required to become a shareholder and a customer. The BIL scheme has a limited availability of water in accordance with their agreement with SA Water: 6000 ML of Premium Water and 4000 ML of Off Peak Water. To ensure that adequate supply is available to all parties, supply is limited to an equivalent of 1.5ML/hectare per annum. Applications exceeding this limit would only be accepted by the board in extraordinary circumstances [4].

2.7.7.2 Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme

The Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme (CVWSS) is designed to secure a reticulated water supply for the Clare Valley. The project was initially undertaken for three key purposes:

• Provide a reticulated water supply scheme to the townships in the region and improve the water supply to Clare;

• Provide irrigation water to Clare Valley; and • Augment the Swan Reach-Paskerville pipeline system to increase supplies

for the Barossa Valley, Mid-North and Yorke Peninsula. Under the scheme use of the water is governed by a number of statutory guidances, including the Clare Valley Prescribed Water Resources Area Water Allocation Plan, and the State Water Act. 2001 [35]. Table 2.6 and Table 2.7 outline the charges associated with utilising the CVWSS for irrigation, residential and commercial customers.



Table 2.6 Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme charges for irrigation customers

Description Cost Upfront capital contribution: Registrations received before 31 May 2002 $1500/ML Registrations received after 31 May 2002 $2000/ML One off connection charge $2175 Usage charges: Peak usage $970/ML Off-peak usage $530/ML Annual access fee $136

Source: Public Works Committee 2002 Table 2.7 Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme charges for residential and

commercial customers:

Description Cost Usage $0.97/kL ($970/ML) Up-front connection charge $272/property Up-front capital $2,174/property Annual access fee $136 per connection

Source: Public Works Committee 2002

2.7.8 State Wide Pricing Policy

The Council of Australian Governments (CoAG) principles require the adoption of pricing regimes based on the principles of consumption-based pricing, full cost recovery and desirably the removal of cross-subsidies which are not consistent with efficient and effective service, use and provision. A cross-subsidy exists where some users are paying less than the Long-run Marginal Cost (LRMC) of a service while others are paying more. To avoid cross-subsidies, pricing of the relevant service is required to ensure that all customers meet their LRMC, while fixed costs are spread across a pool of customers (e.g. an access charge). Where cross-subsidies continue to exist, they will be made transparent [39]. The South Australian Water Corporation (SA Water) is responsible for the provision of water and wastewater services to retail, residential and industrial customers throughout metropolitan and rural South Australia. SA Water provides water management services throughout South Australia at a uniform price in accordance with the South Australian Governments state wide pricing policy [39].



The South Australian pricing structure for water classifies water customers into two groups:

• non-commercial customers (including residential customers); and • commercial customers (retail, wholesale, finance, real estate, professional,

construction and recreational services). The pricing structure is based on a “two-part tariff” including a supply charge and a two-tiered usage charge. The first tier is charged according to consumption up to 125 kilolitres, which ensures affordability of an essential service as stipulated by the Government’s social justice policy. Accordingly, this lower tier does not necessarily reflect economic efficiency and cost recovery. The second tier reflects the long run marginal cost (LRMC) of water provision and is charged on usage that exceeds 125 kilolitres. The state wide pricing policy is important in ensuring equity and social justice goals are met. The Government provides SA Water with a community service obligation (CSO) in order to ensure that rates of return are equitable between rural and metropolitan areas. Pricing principles are based on consumption-based pricing, full-cost recovery and removal of cross-subsidies. Table 2.8 and Table 2.9 outline the current pricing structure for non-commercial and commercial customers of the SA Water Corporation. Table 2.8 Current water pricing structure for SA Water non-commercial

customers

Description Cost 2004/05 Cost 2005/06 Supply charge Residential $141 $145 Business $155 $160 Water usage charge 0 – 125kL 44c/kL 46c/kL 125+ kL $1.03kLa $1.06kL

a There is also allowances for bulk users who are charged an off-peak rate of 57c/kL (Nes Fernandez, SA Water, pers. comm.). Source: South Australian Government 2004



Table 2.9 Current water pricing structure for SA Water commercial

customers

Description Cost Annual supply charge: 0.134% of property value subject to a

minimum of $155 Discounted water allowance: To calculate use the following formula (Annual Supply Charge x 1.21)

divided by 1.03 Water usage charges: 0 – 125kL 26.4c/kL >125kL 61.8c/kL Above allowance $1.03/kL

Source: South Australian Government 2004

2.7.9 Catchment Environment Levies

The Catchment Environment Levies provide the funding base for the Northern Adelaide and Barossa Catchment Water Management Board (NABCWMB) to ensure water resources are used responsibly and catchments are preserved. The levy also funds projects aimed at ensuring the sustainable use of ground and surface water resources within the Northern Adelaide and Barossa region [56]. There are two types of levy – a land based and a water based levy. The land based levy is calculated using the value of the ratepayer’s property and is administered by the local council. Licensed water users in the area pay a water based levy based on their water allocation and in some cases the amount of water actually used. In the Barossa, the water based levy is based on the licensed allocation rather than the actual volume of water taken. Most allocations in the Barossa are expressed as an area and the levy is based on the crop type (Sarah Clark, DWLBC pers. comm.). Where water use cannot be expressed as an area, the water based levy is set at 1 cent/kL in the Barossa, and in the Northern Adelaide Plains 0.5 cent/kL on water allocated plus 0.5 cent/kL on water used (Hannah Ellyard, NABCWMB pers. comm.). Licensed water users who pay the water based levy are not required to pay the land based levy (Hannah Ellyard, NABCWMB pers. comm.), although this is likely to change under the provisions of the recently enacted Natural Resource Management Act 2004.



2.8 Regional Growth Prospects and Implications for Water Supply

2.8.1 Analytical Review

Future water demand has been determined having regard to the rise (or fall) in resident population numbers for each local government area in the Central Local Government Region of South Australia. Population data has been presented in Section 1 and the conclusions provided are based on this data. Of itself however, recorded increases (or falls) in resident population will not necessarily provide an accurate or reliable basis for estimating future demand, as this will depend on other factors, including the availability of suitably zoned land. Accordingly, each Council’s Development Plan has been reviewed to determine the availability of suitably zoned land in those towns and settlements where population growth is expected, for the purpose of accommodating future residential, industrial, commercial and rural living development. Population Review

On the basis of population data alone, it is reasonable to conclude that future demand for water supplies will mainly come from:

• Light Regional Council; • The Barossa Council; • District Council of Mallala (metropolitan); • District Council of the Copper Coast (a combination of permanent and non-

permanent residents); • District Council of Yorke Peninsula, (primarily from a non-permanent

population of holiday home owners/occupiers); and • District Council of Barunga West, (primarily a non-permanent population of

holiday home owners/occupiers). The overall slight decline in the estimated resident population of Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council can be attributed to an overall loss of numbers throughout the rural areas and the smaller settlements being greater than the increase experienced in Clare. It suggests that Clare township and its immediate environs will continue to steadily grow, with corresponding demands for tourist accommodation facilities in and around this region’s wine producing areas.



On the basis of population trends over the last 5 years, the prospects for population growth, or even maintaining existing population numbers in the following local government areas, appears unlikely:

• The Flinders Ranges Council; • Regional Council of Goyder; • District Council of Mount Remarkable; • Northern Areas Council; • District Council of Ororoo/Carrieton; • District Council of Peterborough; and • Port Pirie Regional Council.

The Wakefield Regional Council, with a 2004 resident population of 6,554 persons, experienced a small (1.55%) loss of population between 1999 and 2004. However, over the next 10 years or so it is possible that growth pressures from northern metropolitan Adelaide will place demands on this district for affordable housing, and a range of commercial enterprises, particularly in and around Balaklava. The following section examines the availability of suitably zoned land for various urban purposes in those Council areas experiencing or likely to experience growth. 1. Light Regional Council: Sustained metropolitan growth is occurring in the

suburb of Hillier immediately to the east of Gawler. This suburb is zoned Residential (Gawler Belt). The Development Plan advises that this area is capable of accommodating 800 to 1,200 households at a density of 8-12 dwellings per hectare. The suburb is connected to the SA Water reticulation network. Zone provisions also encourage on site harvesting of stormwater for garden use. Freeling and Kapunda townships are zoned to allow for controlled residential expansion for residential and rural living purposes. Both towns are surrounded by a Primary Industry Zone, which effectively limits their outward spread. Roseworthy has land zoned and divided to its east for a substantial Rural Living development, while an area to the east of the settlement is contained in an Industrial (Roseworthy) Zone. Most of this industrial zone is undeveloped. Smaller settlements of Greenock, Seppeltsfield, Marananga and Wasleys are intended to retain their village and historic character. Further growth in these settlements will be limited and be confined to small-scale infill.



2. Barossa Council: The main towns are Nuriootpa, Tanunda, Angaston, Lyndoch and Williamstown. These towns receive filtered water from SA Water via the Swan Reach Paskeville Supply System. The increasing demand for irrigation supplies from this source has stretched the SA Water network to its limits, while the introduction of the BIL scheme has had a positive impact on the SA Water network. Continuing residential expansion is predicted in Nuriootpa, Williamstown and Tanunda. According to a recent report prepared for The Barossa Council, SA Water would prefer future residential growth to occur as follows:

• Nuriootpa – northern side of town, (upgrading of supply necessary); • Tanunda – eastern side of town; • Lyndoch – southern side; • Williamstown – southern side; • Angaston – south of Tappa Pass Tank; • Moculta – northern side (augmentation necessary); • Stockwell – western side (augmentation necessary); • Springton – any direction close to source of supply; and • Mount Pleasant – any direction close to source of supply.

The Development Plan for The Barossa Council provides sufficient land for residential and industrial/commercial purposes in each of these towns and settlements, with an existing Review/PAR providing for further limited expansion by way of rezoning additional land for such purposes in selected towns.

3. District Council of Mallala: a housing study conducted for the District Council of Mallala in November 1993 by Connor Holmes Consulting found that the SA Water reticulated water supply network is generally adequate in most towns, except for the area west of Port Wakefield Road. The study found that there is a large amount of vacant land already zoned for residential/rural living purposes. Mallala township contains a Future (Mallala) Zone to the north-west of the town centre which is identified as the cheapest location for the supply of water. In Two Wells, the study identified the Future (Two Wells) Zone to the north west of the town which would be expensive to service with a reticulated water supply. The study recommends that this land be considered for rezoning. It is considered that a sufficient supply of suitably zoned land exists in Mallala and Two Wells for residential expansion, and that there is sufficient land at Lewiston for the anticipated demand for rural living purposes.

Draft Residential Strategy Plan for Community Consultation. Prepared for The Barossa Council by Jensen Planning

and Design (November 2003).



4. District Council of the Copper Coast: demand is expected for permanent residents in Kadina, Wallaroo and Moonta, and a combination of permanent and holiday home residents at Moonta Bay, Port Hughes, Wallaroo, North Beach and Point Riley. A substantial amount of new housing has occurred, and is planned, at Port Hughes (Patrick Cove Estate) and at Wallaroo (Copper Cove Marina). Reticulated water supplies to service these new developments have been provided by way of augmentation of the existing SA Water Supply network. There are plans for further residential development in the vicinity of Port Hughes and Moonta Bay. The scale and scope of this development is currently under consideration, but is expected to require augmentation of the existing water supply network. A PAR is likely to be required to effect the appropriate rezoning of land to accommodate further housing growth at Port Hughes/Moonta Bay. The Development Plan for the Copper Coast Council has been recently amended to provide for the predicted demand for permanent houses, (including aged persons accommodation) holiday homes and industrial and commercial developments in and around the coastal settlements and in and around Kadina. A recent study prepared for the Copper Coast Council found that there is limited capacity in the water supply network to service all current stocks of residential land at Wallaroo and the adjacent coastal settlement of North Beach. However, the study found that there is potential within the existing system for a further 200 allotments to be serviced outside of the Residential Zone, at the southern end of North Beach. The study also noted that SA Water is preparing a master plan for the Copper Coast area in order to identify the most efficient method of providing mains water to the region. The study recommends a number of rezonings in and around Wallaroo, as follows:

• Add 25 hectares to Wallaroo’s Residential Zone, to the east of the existing zone (land is presently zoned Rural Living);

• Rezone approximately 40 hectares of Tourist Accommodation Zone north of the main North Beach settlement to Residential Zone;

• Add land to the Deferred Urban Zone. It is not known whether Council has considered or adopted the findings of this study, or whether it proposes to prepare a PAR to rezone land in and around Wallaroo in accordance with the study’s findings.

5. District Council of Yorke Peninsula: The District Council of Yoke Peninsula completed a review of its Development Plan when the Miscellaneous Amendments PAR was gazetted on 16 December 2004.

Wallaroo Township and North Beach Residential Growth Investigations Prepared by Nolan Rumsby Planners in

association with Access Planning (May 2004).



The Statement of Investigations forming part of the PAR identified a demand for land to be rezoned in the following townships:

• Coobowie: rezone a small triangular parcel from General Farming to Country Township to allow for the division of up to 21 allotments, with other land in the settlement rezoned to Tourist Accommodation and Country Township.

• Minlaton: rezoning of land on the outskirts of the town to Rural Living. • Port Clinton: rezoning of land to the north of the town from Conservation to

Rural Living. • Stansbury: rezone land to the south of the town from Coastal to Rural

Living, and rezone other land from Residential to Tourist Accommodation. The PAR notes that Stansbury’s further development is constrained by a water service that is at maximum capacity and requires augmentation. It is furthermore noted that agreement has been reached with SA Water to augment the supply, in order to allow for the further division of land to create 24 allotments. The PAR proposes to rezone land on the outskirts of the town to Deferred Residential in order to accommodate a further 120 residential allotments.

• Point Turton/Warooka: Point Turton is identified as a rapidly developing coastal settlement. The PAR proposes to zone land for the expansion of industrial and commercial development, noting that the land has access to power, water and telecommunication services. A recent 55 allotment residential land division in the town has been taken up, so justifying the expansion of the Holiday (Settlement) Zone for a further 400 allotments. The PAR advises that this land is expected to satisfy demand for the next 7 to 10 years.

• Marion Bay: this town is also identified as a rapidly expanding settlement, but has limited supplies of water. The PAR notes that opportunities for expansion are limited.

• Black Point: the existing Tourist Accommodation Zone is to revert to a Residential Zone. The PAR notes that existing infrastructure at Black Point is expected to be able to satisfy the demand that is likely to be generated by the creation of new allotments, with a reticulated water supply extending from Black Bobs Road, supplemented by two header tanks near Pine Point/Port Vincent Road, which allows controlled flows at a rate of 10 litres per minute.

• Edithburgh: rezoning to Deferred Residential, Tourist Accommodation and Rural Living.

• Ardrossan: minor re-alignment of the Industry Zone boundary. No additions/alterations proposed to the Residential Zone.

• Maitland: minor rezoning to Home Industry Zone.



• Port Victoria: rezoning of land surrounding the settlement to Rural Living. The PAR also notes that demand within the town has been so significant in the past 5 years that very little vacant land has been available on the market. Therefore, land on the edge of the town has been added to the Residential (Deferred) Zone.

The PAR for District Council of Yorke Peninsula identifies water supply as a very real constraint to further development, noting that augmentation of mains supplies is an option which is both expensive (between $7,500 and $13,000 per allotment in 2003 dollar terms) and takes time to achieve. Accordingly, the Council has introduced policies to maximise the use of rainwater to supplement mains supplies, increasing the minimum holding capacity of on-site rainwater tanks from 5 kL to 10 kL. The PAR also notes that the lower (southern) end of the Peninsula is particularly affected by the lack of reliable water supplies, and that alternative technologies such as a reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant may go some way towards resolving the supply problems. Amendments to the Development Plan to allow for the development of desalinisation plant and related technological processes, have been introduced into the District Council of Yorke Peninsula Development Plan.

6. District Council of Barunga West: although growth in the permanent resident population has been modest between 1999 – 2004, the Council’s Section 30 Review identified a shortage of appropriately zoned land to facilitate residential development in the coastal settlements of Tickera and Port Broughton. Accordingly, the Port Broughton and Tickera PAR was prepared to address this issue. The PAR, which was gazetted on 31 March 2005, identifies that Port Broughton has averaged 12.4 dwelling approvals per year for the last 3 years (2001-2004) while in Tickera the approval rate has been much lower, at only 2.4 dwellings per year. The PAR also identified that the existing water supply system for Port Broughton is capable of servicing an additional 80 allotments. An augmentation scheme is proposed for this town. Water supply mains to Tickera is described as “limited”. For this reason, all dwellings are required to have tanks and pressure pumps installed. The PAR has, accordingly, expanded the Port Broughton Residential Zone south of the town, with additional policies added to deal with stormwater management. The zone boundary surrounding Tickera has also been amended to accommodate more modest demands for housing.



7. Wakefield Regional Council: Demand for additional land in this Council area is expected to be long term (over the next decade) associated either directly or indirectly with the expansion northwards of metropolitan Adelaide. The Wakefield Regional Council is well located to accommodate future demands for residential, rural living, industrial and commercial land. The Council considers there is scope for increasing employment in selected industries, while new developments associated with the tourist industry may provide additional employment opportunities. The Development Plan for Wakefield Regional Council makes adequate provision for suitably zoned residential, commercial and industrial land. Similarly, there is an adequate supply of land in Balaklava and Port Wakefield. No additional land is required to be zoned in either town to cater for anticipated demand. However, it is understood that virtually all towns in the Council area require augmentation of water supply.

2.8.2 Council and Regional Development Board Growth Prospects

All councils and regional development boards were asked to provide an opinion on the anticipated growth in the region. An overview of growth in the individual council areas is provided in Table 2.10 as expressed by council representatives. Table 2.10 Regional growth prospects in the Central Local Government region

Local government area Regional growth prospects The Barossa Council Township of Nuriootpa will be encouraged to

expand from approximately 4000 people currently to 8000 people over 20 years.

District Council of Barunga West Incremental growth. Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council Significant residential development within the

township of Clare. District Council for the Copper Coast Continuous residential and industrial growth. Flinders Ranges Council Potential growth in Quorn to become a satellite

town to Port Augusta however would require additional water supply, industry growth in tourism.

Goyder Regional Council Planned enterprise area near Burra intense horticulture and agriculture.

Light Regional Council Two new industrial estates are proposed, as well as residential and industry development in townships of Kapunda and Freeling. A new residential community, Hewitt, is currently being developed.

Mallala District Council Significant residential and industrial growth planned however will require augmentation of water supply.

District Council of Mount Remarkable Townships have growth potential however infrastructure is a significant constraint.



Northern Areas Council Golden North is planning to expand which could lead to residential expansion in town of Laura.

District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton No significant growth in the area, limited by poor infrastructure.

District Council of Peterborough Proposed development and growth of tourism industry.

Port Pirie Regional Council Land available for industrial and residential growth. Wakefield Regional Council Suitable land for residential and industrial growth is

available, growth expected in animal husbandry. Yorke Peninsula District Council Townships have the capacity to grow if

infrastructure is upgraded. Source: Meetings between Tonkin Consulting and CLGR member councils held in January – March 2005 All councils within the region aim to maintain current residential population levels, with some councils planning or managing growth in particular areas and townships. Consideration should be given to the location of growth and the corresponding infrastructure requirements. In areas such as coastal communities and towns that are becoming an extension of Adelaide’s outer suburbs, developers may be willing to cover costs associated with infrastructure and supply. This is due to the demand for residential accommodation within the area allowing the costs of infrastructure to be recovered in the sale price of housing or allotments. Industrial growth is reliant upon a water supply being readily available. Primary industries are those involved in the production of raw materials. Within the CLGR the major primary industries are viticulture, horticulture, intensive animal husbandry and broad acre agriculture. The significant sources of water for these industries are the SA Water mains supply, surface water and groundwater. Secondary industry involves the processing of goods produced as part of primary industries. Due to the significance of primary industries in the region there is a need for secondary industries to enable the efficient transport of goods to markets. Within the CLGR the most prolific secondary industries are those in the Barossa and Clare Valleys and the surrounding areas associated with the wine industry. In Port Pirie there are secondary industries related to metallurgy. There has been recent growth in the food processing industries, particularly related to meat processing on the Northern Adelaide Plains. Tertiary industries include a wide range of service sectors in the economy. Within the CLGR an important tertiary industry is tourism, which is an aggregation of parts of the more traditionally defined sectors such as Accommodation, Cafes and Restaurants, Transport, Retail and Cultural and Recreational Services. Councils have identified tourism as an industry that they view as a source of growth within the region.



The expansion of primary industries, mostly viticulture over the next decade or so, in the Barossa and Clare Valleys has led to the development of two significant water supply schemes: the Clare Valley Water Supply Scheme (CVWSS) and the Barossa Infrastructure Limited (BIL) scheme. The schemes have enabled significant regional growth in viticulture and associated industries which otherwise would have been inhibited by the limited availability of water. Industrial growth and growth in secondary industries is generally expected to be focussed around existing industries, which include agriculture, viticulture, horticulture, aquaculture, metallurgy and tourism. A secure water supply is critical for all these industries and growth and investment in these industries will require improvements in the water supply system. The Regional Development Boards identified a lack of secondary industries within the region as an important constraint to regional expansion, with the major impediment to growth of such industries being a lack of water supply. The councils and Regional Development Boards have identified a range of tertiary industries particularly tourism as growth industries. However, a considerable portion of the regions accommodation services and other tourist facilities are reliant upon rainwater as their primary source of water. This, especially in times of low rainfall, reduces the availability of accommodation. Unfortunately, periods of low rainfall often coincide with the regions peak tourist season. Overall, growth of industry within the CLGR will require augmentation of key infrastructure, including water supply. The 15 member councils of the CLGR are represented by 5 Regional Development Boards (RDB). They are the Barossa Light RDB, the Mid North RDB, the Northern RDB, the Southern Flinders Ranges RDB and the Yorke Peninsula RDB. Table 2.11 Regional Development Board jurisdiction

Regional Development Board Local government included in RDB jurisdiction Barossa Light Regional Development Board

The Barossa Council Light Regional Council

Mid North Regional Development Board

Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council Goyder Regional Council Northern Areas Council (part)

Northern Regional Development Board

Flinders Ranges Council District Council of Orroroo/Carrieton District Council of Peterborough

Southern Flinders Ranges Regional Development Board

Mount Remarkable District Council Northern Areas Council (part) Port Pirie Regional Council

Yorke Peninsula Regional Development Board

Barunga West District Council District Council of Mallala Wakefield Regional Council Yorke Peninsula District Council



Discussions with RDBs and member councils regarding regional growth and infrastructure constraints are summarised below. Barossa Light Regional Development Board

There is limited availability of land in the Barossa suitable for expansion of viticulture and related industries. Because of this limitation there is no active encouragement of expansion. There are sites in the Light region, which are accessible to the Barossa and suitable for expansion of secondary industries related to viticulture and the wine industry in general. The townships of Kapunda and Freeling have also been identified as areas where industrial expansion will be encouraged. Water infrastructure in the Light region is of considerable age, accordingly any significant development would require infrastructure and augmentation works. Residential growth in the Barossa has been relatively stable and is expected to be incremental only. Townships within the Barossa have designated boundaries, which will be maintained. Consequently in the future population increase will be via infill only. Growth will be encouraged in the town of Nuriootpa. Over the next 20 years it is expected that the population in the town will double to 8000 people. Increasing the density of the population will not require significant infrastructure works nor will it increase the total quantity of water consumed by a significant amount. There are issues relating to water pressure in some towns, which would be accentuated by an increase in residential population if they are not addressed. The availability of quality groundwater in the Barossa is limited due to salinity issues. Furthermore much of the region falls into a PWRA, which limits consumption and access to ground and surface water resources. These limitations on both water quality and accessibility may impede residential and industrial growth in the region. Mid North Regional Development Board

There is potential for industrial growth in many areas of the Mid-North region, which will be encouraged by local governments and the Mid-North Regional Development Board. Within the Goyder Regional Council growth is being encouraged within the townships of Burra and Eudunda and an animal intensive enterprise area has been planned. Northern Areas Council are keen to attract industry to Jamestown, these industries would most likely be associated with dry land farming and existing horticulture. Existing water infrastructure in Jamestown is inadequate and any growth would require an additional supply source. There is expected to be steady growth in primary production – viticulture, horticulture and dry land farming, industries that are already prevalent in the region.



In some areas of the Mid North the availability of an adequate water supply poses an immediate impediment to industrial development. In Mintaro expansion of the viticulture industry would occur immediately if an appropriate water supply could be sourced. Deficiencies in the water supply and infrastructure are also preventing the development of a country club type resort in the Clare Valley. This is an impediment to the overall growth of tourism in the region. Residential growth is most likely to occur where there is a new industry or industry expansion. The proposed enterprise area development would most likely lead to residential growth in the surrounding townships such as Burra. In Jamestown, Clare and Riverton land has been made available for residential growth. Much of the area covered by the Mid North RDB is a PWRA. This will limit future use of the resource to sustainable levels and meters existing consumption, including farm dams and bores. A lack of water infrastructure acts as an impediment to residential sub-divisions in the area. The Mid North RDB believes that if no allowance is made for water and other infrastructure, then growth cannot occur in the region. Some areas are precluded from development due to pressure issues related to the SA Water supply. Northern Regional Development Board

Potential areas of growth in the Northern Region include growth in each of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. There is likely to be primary sector growth in cropping and grazing and this will lead to expansion of existing industry. The region is aiming to attract secondary sector growth to Orroroo and the Flinders Ranges in processing or metals related industries. There is a need for expansion and development of secondary industries to support the primary industries established in the area. Growth in the tertiary sector is likely to be in the tourism industry, which has the potential to expand significantly. Secondary and tertiary sector development is unlikely to occur without an adequate water supply source. Discussions have been held with Western Mining Corporation (WMC) regarding the installation of a desalination plant in the Upper Spencer Gulf. WMC has faced criticism regarding the quantity of water used from the River Murray and Great Artesian Basin. Residential expansion could occur in the town of Quorn, due to its close proximity to Port Augusta. The quality of the mains supply in the town is very poor however and, this may need to be addressed if growth is to occur. While water supply issues are unlikely to be the foremost barrier to growth in the Northern region, these issues do need to be overcome before growth can occur. The lack of an adequate water supply and quality issues are seen as a significant impediment to the growth of the Northern Region.



Southern Flinders Ranges Regional Development Board

Incremental growth is expected in existing industries of viticulture, tourism, light industrial, the service sector and food processing. The Golden North ice cream factory is based in Laura; this factory is expected to expand in the near future. A major industry in the region is metallurgy; due to the nature of the industry any expansion is likely to be of significant proportions. There is land available in Port Pirie for processing industries related to metallurgy to expand. The Southern Flinders Ranges RDB is looking to encourage existing industries rather than attract new industries to the region. Industrial expansion is not expected to cause any significant implications to the water supply and resources. Industrial expansion within Port Pirie would utilise existing infrastructure. Due to the Golden North expansion there is potential for residential growth in the township of Laura. Steady expansion of existing industries will lead to incremental growth in many towns within the region. Growth is expected in townships surrounding Port Pirie with people commuting to Port Pirie for work. Water supply is not viewed as a significant impediment to residential or industrial growth within the area as supply and infrastructure are sufficient. The viticulture and horticulture sectors are constrained by water except in areas of high rainfall. Yorke Regional Development Board

There are many areas of potential growth within the Yorke region. Within the District Council of Barunga West industrial land is currently available and a significant upgrade is planned for a dolomite mine on the outskirts of Kulpara. There is capacity for expansion in the District Council of the Copper Coast in secondary industries related to primary production. Secondary industry expansion is expected in the Wakefield Regional Council jurisdiction, relating to the existing cropping and grazing in the area. Growth in primary industries is also anticipated, which will involve expansion of existing horticulture, agriculture and animal husbandry. In many areas industry expansion will require additional water supply and infrastructure. The Kulpara dolomite mine upgrade may result in an increase in water consumption. Agricultural and horticultural growth will require significant augmentation of the water supply in the Mallala and Wakefield areas. Feedlots in the area use a significant amount of water from the SA Water supply, such that expansion would lead to further pressure on this water source. A substantial residential development has been approved for North Beach. Although this will require significant augmentation of the water supply, it is being managed by the developer. The Copper Coast District Council has experienced rapid residential growth, which is expected to continue. Continuing residential growth is also expected in the Two Wells area.



Development within the Copper Coast District Council attracts an augmentation charge of $4500 per allotment. This charge has prevented some small developments (less than 20 allotments) from occurring. The adequacy of the water supply is acting as an impediment to growth in many of the towns and regions within the area. The SA Water supply to Tickera is a trickle flow only and discourages further residential and industrial development. The two largest towns in the Barunga West council area both require significant infrastructure development to encourage growth. In many parts of the area there is suitable and available land for residential and industrial growth, however there is insufficient water infrastructure to support the development.

2.8.3 Barriers to Development

Kingfisher Estate in the District Council of Light, but adjacent to the metropolitan planning area boundary, is a recently established individual estate designed to service the Barossa Valley wine region. A number of industries, anchored by the AMCOR bottling plant, have been built or have been approved in this area. While this major estate is connected to the water reticulated supply, and investigations are underway to determine the feasibility of aquifer recharging of stormwater, substantial augmentation of infrastructure (including water) was required to facilitate the development of Kingfisher Estate. As a “greenfields” development on the edge of the metropolitan area (albeit servicing the nearby Barossa Valley region), Kingfisher Estate is atypical of industrial developments elsewhere throughout the Central Local Government Region. Further industrial development in other parts of the CLGR is expected to be in the form of incremental expansion of existing industrial estates. Areas where modest but nevertheless steady growth may occur include Clare, the Copper Triangle towns of Kadina, Wallaroo and Moonta, Kapunda, Freeling, Jamestown, Port Pirie, Port Wakefield, Balaklava and Ardrossan. With few exceptions, all of these towns have limited water supplies. Expansion of viticulture throughout the region is likely to be confined to the traditional grape growing regions, namely the Clare Valley and the Barossa Valley. Both regions are primarily dependant on ground water supplies for most irrigation requirements, but this resource is under stress in the Clare Valley from rising salinity levels. It is generally considered that the area around Mintaro (to the east of the Clare Valley) could support a viable and productive viticultural industry if reliable water supplies could be secured.



The Barossa Valley has historically relied upon ground-water supplies for vineyard irrigation. However with the rapid expansion of new vineyards in the 1990’s, those ground-water supplies have become increasingly depleted and saline. In order to sustain the Barossa Valley’s viticultural industry, supplementary supplies via the BIL Scheme have been introduced in recent years. Since the Barossa Valley now forms part of a PWRA, no further bores can be installed. It would therefore appear that further vineyard expansion will be increasingly reliant on schemes such as BIL, combined with further improvements in irrigation technology. The extension or replication of a BIL Scheme is however expected to be reliant upon River Murray supplies, the quantity and quality of which may not be acceptable for what is arguably Australia’s most recognised wine growing region. Intensive animal keeping operations such as broiler farms, poultry egg farms and piggeries are located widely throughout the region, particularly in the District Council of Mallala, Goyder Regional Council and Wakefield Regional Council. The region is regarded as being particularly suitable for this kind of primary industry, being sparsely populated, within convenient travelling distance to feed supplies and major markets in Metropolitan Adelaide, and not subject to disease. However, these industries need to be within close proximity of reliable water and 3 phase power supplies. There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that the region’s lack of reticulated water (and 3 phase power) supplies has inhibited the further expansion of broiler and poultry egg farms. With the continuing threat of avian-flu outbreaks in the eastern states’ poultry industry, the Central Local Government Region is well placed to capture an increased share of the broiler farm and egg production industries due to its “disease-free” credentials. Demands for housing are expected to occur in and near holiday settlements throughout the Yorke Peninsula, extending north to Moonta, Wallaroo, Tickera and Port Broughton. Most of this demand takes the form of holiday housing for people living in Adelaide. Settlements on Yorke Peninsula which have experienced expansion in recent years include Black Point, Port Vincent, Stansbury and Port Victoria, while Wallaroo, Moonta Bay and Port Hughes in the District Council of the Copper Coast are also experiencing substantial levels of growth. While these new developments have been serviced by reticulated (SA Water) supplies through the imposition of augmentation charges on new allotments at the land division approval stage, during periods of high demand the local (Paskeville) water storage facility is stretched to capacity.



Further growth in the holiday housing market can be expected, based on demand over the last 5 years, and current rates of dwelling commencements. This will place further strains on the SA Water supply system. In recognition of limitations on the SA Water System, the Copper Coast and Yorke Peninsula District Councils both have provisions contained in their Development Plans which require new dwellings to be equipped with rainwater tanks that are plumbed into the associated dwelling. It is unclear whether the existing supply system will be capable of servicing continued growth associated with the holiday housing market, indeed there are 16 townships on Yorke Peninsula which are not currently connected to a reticulated supply. Marion Bay at the southern foot of the peninsula is one such town where water supplies during summer must currently be transported by road tanker from the Warooka ground water basin system. At a cost of $13.90 per kilolitre, the Council is investigating the potential for a desalinisation plant to provide a secure and possibly more economic water supply for Marion Bay. Townships in the Clare Valley and the Barossa Valley are expected to experience continuing demands for permanent housing to service the viticultural industries. In the Barossa Valley (Barossa Council and Light Regional Council), a growing proportion of new residents are expected to be persons who will commute daily to and from Adelaide for employment. Indeed, the new suburb of Hewitt, on the outskirts of Gawler in the District Council of Light, is substantially occupied by “metropolitan” households. Residential growth in the townships of Mallala and Two Wells, and the Lewiston rural living area, is also expected to be associated with persons seeking a rural lifestyle within convenient commuting distance of Metropolitan Adelaide. The Clare Valley (principally Clare township and surrounding areas) is experiencing steady demand for new housing. It is generally considered that the area suffers from a lack of water infrastructure to underpin further residential land divisions in and around the town. The Clare Valley may be prevented from realising its potential as a tourist destination unless security of supply can be guaranteed. The Clare Country Club, for example, is required to limit the services it provides to visitors because of water supply limitations. It is generally considered that another tourist accommodation facility of the scale of Clare Country Club would not be possible until or unless the town’s water supply infrastructure is improved. Rural living is expected to remain as an attractive and cost efficient lifestyle option in areas close to Metropolitan Adelaide. The Lewiston area in the District Council of Mallala near Two Wells is a substantial rural living area where further development can be expected, especially if land division policies were amended to allow for the further division of existing allotments.



Given the limitations on the existing reticulated system generally throughout the region, there are economic advantages in confining those high level services to areas of higher population densities, rather than extending them to service expanding or new rural living areas. Alternative water supplies for rural living areas should therefore be relied upon in preference to reticulated systems, such as rainwater tanks supplemented (where available) by ground water supplies.

Literature Review


3. Literature Review

3.1 Introduction

Tonkin Consulting sent letters requesting information to all identified industry and government bodies at the commencement of the investigation. The majority of the information obtained has been reviewed and summarised in the Regional Water Supply System review under Section 2 of this report. Consequently, only a small number of additional documents have been included in this literature review. In addition two case studies have been undertaken to consider the opportunities to balance demand and structure appropriate pricing models.

3.2 Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia

In April 2005 the Office for Infrastructure Development (OFID) published the Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia. This document identifies the infrastructure priorities for South Australia over five and ten year time frames. This document is closely linked to the South Australian Strategic Plan (SASP) released in March 2004. The section of the Strategic Infrastructure Plan for South Australia (SIPSA) relating to Water Management and Delivery provides links to three objectives from the SASP. Within each objective a cross-reference is provided to a specific component of the objective. These cross references are summarised in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 Cross references between the Strategic Infrastructure Plan to the

South Australian Strategic Plan (Source OFID 2005) Objective 1: Growing Prosperity Exports Treble the value of South Australia’s export income to $25 billion

by 2013. Strategic Infrastructure Increase investment in strategic areas of infrastructure, such as

transport, ports and energy to support and achieve targets in SASP.

Objective 3: Attaining Sustainability The River Murray Increase environment flows by 500GL per annum in the Murray

Darling and major tributaries by 2008 as a first step towards improving sustainability in the Murray Darling Basin, with a long term target to reach 1500GL by 2018.

Objective 5: Building Communities State and Local Government

Align State and Local Strategic Plans within 12 months of the release of SASP and agree joint initiative from them.

Regional Infrastructure Build and maintain infrastructure to develop and support sustainable communities in regions.

Literature Review


The SIPSA notes that irrigation plays a significant role in the State’s economy and makes up 80% of all surface and groundwater use in the State. Three of the main irrigation districts for the State are wholly or partly within the CLGRSA (Barossa, Clare and Northern Adelaide Plains). SA Water’s mains supply strategy within the CLGR has been developed around the treatment and transportation of River Murray Water through long distance interconnected pipeline networks. The SIPSA suggests that opportunities exist to improve the management and utilisation of available water resources through:

• The trade of River Murray and other water allocations between existing users both in South Australia and interstate;

• More efficient use of the River Murray and Mount Lofty Ranges waters, in conjunction with groundwater, to expand existing or develop new irrigation areas;

• Use of treated wastewater and effluent water; • Harvesting of surface water in higher rainfall districts; • Improved use of groundwater; and • Using SA Water’s pipeline infrastructure as a water transport mechanism,

subject to water quality considerations (Source OFID 2005). The CLGRSA is in a position to consider four of these components, namely the trading of water allocations, the use of treated wastewater or effluent water, the harvesting of stormwater and improved groundwater use. As has previously been highlighted, stormwater and effluent re-use opportunities within the region have not been fully utilised and work associated with improving this will be inline with SIPSA. A key component of the States long term water plan as outlined in SIPSA involves use of River Murray water. This approach relies upon the long term management of the River Murray and the Murray Darling Basin (MDB). The Council of Australian Governments (COAG) meeting in June 2004 resolved to support obtaining an additional 500GL per annum environmental flow within the MDB. South Australia has resolved that this 500GL should only be the first step and has set a State target of 1500GL per annum by 2018 [30]. To achieve the SASP export target, growth will be required in the mineral development, horticulture and viticulture sectors which will need additional water supply. This supply will need to be secured within the market context and may need to include innovative harvesting or more efficient water use [30]. The primary method for sourcing this increased supply discussed in the SIPSA appears to be through water trading within the Murray Darling Basin.

Literature Review


In areas where additional water supply is required to facilitate the SASP export target the member Councils of the CLGRSA have the opportunity to implement planning strategies which involve the development and introduction of water conservation measures. These regulations would need to include the re-use of water supplied from external sources as well as stormwater harvesting and effluent re-use. This option is discussed in more detail in Section 5 of this report. SIPSA identifies the need for Stormwater and Effluent Disposal schemes (both under Local Government control) to be structured so as to facilitate re-use opportunities. This will be a challenge to member Councils of the CLGRSA as little or no stormwater infrastructure exists in the majority of the Council areas. The CLGRSA has been involved in a combined initiative of the STEDS advisory committee of the LGA and the CLGRSA to consider the potential opportunities for aggregating Effluent Disposal schemes within the region. Aggregation may lead to improved opportunities for re-use. Desalination is discussed in SIPSA, as an opportunity that may exist as this particular technology develops. This is prefaced by the fact that South Australia has limited freshwater resources but does have an extensive coastline and significant saline groundwater resources. Within SIPSA, regional issues are also addressed. Two of the regions discussed within the SIPSA relate to the CLGR and provide a brief overview of the system within that region. A number of projects are referenced at the completion of the section which are relevant to the region. These projects are listed in Table 3.2. Table 3.2 Regional Water Projects included in the State Infrastructure Plan

(Source OFID 2005) Region Project

Construct and augment Balaklava / Bowmans / Port Wakefield water main to support growth in residential and industrial demand. Augment water supplies on Yorke Peninsula to support residential development. Identify new supply sources for irrigation.

Mid North and Yorke Peninsula

Identify off-peak storage opportunities including aquifer storage and recovery techniques or use of Baroota Reservoir. Identify and implement cost effective improvement to water supply for Hawker.

Upper Spencer Gulf and Outback Upgrade the STED scheme servicing Hawker.

Literature Review


3.3 Regional Planning

3.3.1 Planning Strategy for South Australia

The Planning Strategy sets out the State Government’s vision for development. It indicates directions for future growth and development for those communities living and working in the region, and for those agencies of government involved in providing services. The Planning Strategy guides development through the Development Act, 1993. In particular it guides land uses in Development Plans applicable to individual Council areas. The Planning Strategy also promotes a “whole of government” approach. Its purpose is to provide a proper basis for physical development to occur in order to:

• Provide a framework for decision-making to overcome land use conflicts; • Create certainty for investors; • Provide regional guidance on using land in a way that balances economic,

social and environmental factors; • Integrates resources and catchment management with land use planning; • Assist local government authorities to prepare and implement local

strategies; • Reduce ad hoc and duplicated decisions by co-ordinating government,

private sector and community action.

The Central Local Government Region is subject to the Planning Strategy for Regional South Australia – January 2003. In April 2005, the Minister for Urban Development and Planning released for public consultation the draft Planning Strategy for the Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region, which applies to the southern section of the Central Local Government Region only – namely the District Council of Mallala, Light Regional Council and Barossa Council. Both documents recognise that water supplies to the region are under continued pressure due to increasing demand for water. The draft Planning Strategy for the Outer Metropolitan Adelaide Region also acknowledges that further pressure on water resources may come from predicted changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change over the next 30 to 70 years. It is therefore essential that future development is based on sustainable practices and a whole of water cycle approach that involves use of non-traditional water supplies such as treated stormwater and wastewater, rather than relying on traditional water supplies in order to maintain economic growth in the long-term.

Literature Review


Under the sub-heading Integrated Land and Water Use Planning and Development, the draft April 2005 draft Planning Strategy describes an important initiative with respect to water use, in the following terms:

This Planning Strategy ……. advocates the need for a whole-of-water-cycle approach to water use based on a hierarchy of avoidance, reduction, re-use, recycling and appropriate disposal. This means augmenting existing supplies traditionally provided by SA Water, which are of a potable standard, with rainwater and local stormwater based supplies and maximising re-use of treated wastewater and greywater. The establishment of local supply networks for augmenting existing metropolitan potable water networks spreads the risk between the alternative forms of supply with the existing system, in terms of both volume and security of supply. This may become more cost-effective over time – rather than continuing to invest only in upgrading and expanding the traditional potable supply network.

3.3.2 Council Development Plans

Development Plans are usually prepared by Councils, but in some circumstances the Minister for Urban Development and Planning may be responsible for their preparation where there are issues of State importance. As part of this project, the Development Plans for each member Council of the Central Local Government Region have been reviewed. In general, the Development Plans provide for the expansion of towns and settlements, and in some areas, the intensification and/or expansion of primary production, particularly viticulture and olive orchards. It must be assumed that Development Plan policies which allow, say, for the expansion and/or establishment of industrial and residential development in and around towns and settlements were considered and supported by those agencies and authorities responsible for the provision of water and other utility services. This is because each Council is required to review its Development Plan every 3 years, pursuant to Section 30(6) of the Development Act 1993. If it is further assumed that those Development Plans which provide for the expansion of urban and primary production development remain in force, it is inevitable that demands for water supplies will increase, particularly in those circumstances where the Development Plan’s policies require development to be connected and/or in some other way provided with adequate water supplies. Furthermore, most of the Councils’ Development Plans specify that when land is divided, a water supply sufficient for the purpose for which the allotment is to be used should be made available to each allotment. Some Development Plans also specify that residential and other kinds of urban development should not be undertaken unless the site is connected to a reticulated water supply scheme.

Literature Review


In circumstances where the reticulated water supply scheme is at or near capacity (much of the region falls within this category), it is likely that urban development may be impeded. Similarly, many Councils Development Plans contain policies which provide for the division and/or development of rural land for horticultural purposes. These policies are often qualified with reference to water supplies of sufficient quantity and quality being available to sustain the proposed horticultural use. Some Councils have undertaken or are undertaking Section 30 reviews of their Development Plans*.2 These Reviews, while identifying opportunities for township expansion, and in some instances increased residential densities, also acknowledge the need for development to be environmentally sustainable, and the importance of water allocation and management. Specific water conservation measures, such as requiring all developments to be connected to a rainwater tank of a specified minimum capacity, have been identified as part of the Regional Council of Goyder Section 30 Review. This Council’s Review also identifies the need for a link between water availability and supply and appropriate land uses, with a recommendation that the Development Plan for this area should contain policies to support this requirement. Despite the progressive changes to some Councils’ policies which are emerging through the “Section 30” review process, there a number of disparities and inconsistencies in relation to Council Development Plans. Moreover, the timing of Section 30 Reviews, and the reluctance by some Councils to confront the issue of sustainable water supplies for urban and rural development, means that planning policies are likely to vary from one Council to another, and even as such policies are formulated, it will inevitably take some years before they find their way into Council Development Plans. Compounding the problem is the likelihood that continuing demands will be placed on the supply network (surface, sub-surface and reticulated water supplies) in recognised high growth areas where current zoning policies provide for further development – such as holiday home settlements on Yorke Peninsula and the Barossa and Clare Valley wine production regions. While Development Plans are an effective means of implementing new policies and initiatives, they are limited in their application, since existing development (houses, industries, agricultural ventures) may continue to operate in accordance with the immunity of existing use rights. In other words, if a recently approved housing development in a high demand coastal area was approved without conditions

2 * Regional Council of Goyder Development Plan Review – Final Report: QED Pty Ltd (June 2002) Clare & Gilbert Valleys Council Section 30 Development Plan Review – Final Report (December 2003)

Literature Review


requiring, say, the provision of rainwater tanks or stormwater harvesting measures, that development will not be subject to any subsequent conditions or requirements that may be introduced into the Development Plan affecting that particular area. The planning system, therefore, is only effective in relation to development applications (land division and land use) that are assessed against the provisions of the Development Plan which was in force at the time the application was made.

3.4 Infrastructure Pricing Policies

3.4.1 National Water Initiative

The Council of Australian Governments (CoAG) agreed to the National Water Initiative (NWI) at their meeting held in Canberra on the 25 June 2004. The Councils membership comprises the Prime Minister, Premiers and Chief Ministers and the President of the Australian Local Government Association [46]. The NWI is a strategy that aims to improve water management and profitability on a national level. It seeks to increase productivity and efficiency in the use of Australia’s scarce water resources and maintain a healthy river and groundwater system. The initiative is also aimed at increasing confidence in investment in water resource intensive industries. The NWI aims to achieve these goals through increased accounting of water usage and greater security in access entitlements [48]. In accordance with the National Water Initiative, pricing policies need to adhere to the principles of user-pays and achieve pricing transparency of water storage and delivery and cost recovery for water planning and management [20].

3.4.2 Principles of Cost Recovery

Cost recovery describes a system of fees or specific purpose taxes used by government agencies to recover some or all of the costs incurred as a result of a particular activity. In its most direct form cost recovery occurs when the user of a government good or service is charged a fee based on the cost of their usage [34]. To ensure cost recovery where the management of the resource benefits the user/s, the user/s should contribute to the costs involved in the management. Cost recovery measures should be warranted on economic efficiency grounds and not for the purpose of raising revenue for the management authority. The user pays principle of cost-recovery suggests that significant users of the resource, such as irrigators, should pay accordingly for the resource. Irrigators should either provide industry-specific management services or engage the services of the management authority on the basis of full cost recovery [20]. The Productivity Commission (2001) recommended the following with regard to resource management:

Literature Review


• Government should bear the cost of those resource management functions

that benefit the community generally. • Users should contribute according to the benefit that they derive from the

public provision of effective resource management. • Industry should pay for its share of the research costs that are necessary

for the industry to achieve the objective of sustainable profitability. • Where other users specifically benefit from the publicly funded resource

management they should contribute to the cost. Charges should be calculated on an activity-by-activity basis not on the cost of management as a whole. Some activities may incur a cost recovery charge while others may not, subsequently the level of cost recovery may vary between activities (in the range 0-100 per cent). Cost recovery arrangements should not include the costs of activities undertaken for Government, including policy development, ministerial or parliamentary services and international obligations [20].

3.4.3 Infrastructure Pricing

A recent (May 2005) special issue of the Engineers Australia magazine entitled “Infrastructure Australia” [22] includes a summary of a report “Reforming and restoring Australia’s infrastructure” by Port Jackson Partners Ltd [22]. This report claims that ineffective or infrastructure in poor condition is nearly always due to inadequate public policy and lack of economic incentives to address efficiencies. This is supported by Spring in his article “Why we must borrow and build” [22], where he argues that all levels of government in Australia are under borrowed and that the way to meet the infrastructure requirements of the next generation is to borrow. Spring states that “infrastructure expenditure on vitally necessary assets is not a burden to the next generation, it is a benefit”. “Reforming and restoring Australia’s infrastructure” expresses that water infrastructure is generally not the source of the problem but rather the pricing regime. It notes that pricing regimes for rural water are currently based on a return on infrastructure provided but the water itself is not costed. The average cost of water in urban Australia is approximately 90c/kL (South Australia is $1.03/kL) while in Germany it is nearly three times this rate. Directly related to this is that the average household use of water in Australia is approximately double that of Germany. This report suggests that making water a fully tradeable commodity will encourage irrigation water to move to usage which yields the highest value, with the rate for the water including what the water is actually worth. The notion of water being a tradable commodity is picked up on in the SIPSA as a possible source of additional water to achieve the economic goals of South Australia.

Literature Review


Within the CLGR, a considerable proportion of the regional economy is based on irrigated crops and vines. The opportunity exists for irrigators to form partnerships and buy water rights if and when they become available on the free market. The BIL scheme is an example where this has occurred.

3.5 Case Studies

3.5.1 Water Corporation (Perth, Western Australia)

The Water Corporation is the primary water supply authority for Perth and has had to work through severe water shortages with extended periods when demand exceeded capacity. In working through this the Water Corporation has been forced to identify alternative approaches to increasing capacity to meet the demand of water users in Perth. Information presented in this case study has been sourced from the Water Corporation Integrated Water Supply Scheme Source Development Plan 2005-2050 (April 2005) [61]. The Water Corporation, has recently completed a program of accelerated source development to respond to a critical water supply problem in the region. Currently the Water Corporation sources its water from either surface water or ground water supplies. The total currently available sustainable surface and ground water resources are estimated at 256GL/year. Theoretical demands for the 2004/05 year are estimated at 289GL/year, but when factors of safety are included the demand is estimated at 318GL/year. The Water Corporation estimates it will be approximately 60GL/year short of the anticipated unrestricted demand. To alleviate this demand short fall, water restrictions (2-day a week sprinklers) are in place, but even with the restrictions it is estimated that by 2014/15 additional capacity will be required to achieve the supply/demand balance. The outcomes of the Source Development Plan when implemented will add 107GL/year to the Water Corporation’s supply capacity. This additional supply should maintain the supply/demand balance until 2017/18. The 107GL is to be obtained from three different sources:

• 45GL through a seawater desalination plant in Perth; • 17GL gain through water trading with Harvey Water; and • 45GL through the development of the South West Yarragadee Groundwater

Aquifer (approval of this allocation has not been granted with a decision expected in early 2006). (A contingency is in place involving the development of a second desalination plant should the application be rejected).

As part of the preparation of this plan, other alternatives were considered including piping water from the Kimberley, cloud seeding and alternative desalination sources.

Literature Review


Seawater desalination has been adopted as the long term future of water supply to Perth. As part of the SIPSA, desalination is not considered as a major element of the current plans for augmenting South Australia’s water supply. Port Jackson Partners state that desalination is feasible when charged at $2/kL. Within the CLGR, two member Councils are undertaking feasibility studies into the use of desalination to provide or improve water supply to a community. During the consultation phase of this project, both Councils have indicated that the price for installing desalination plants provided by industry are substantially cheaper than those provided by SA Water. The Water Corporation believes that the two biggest considerations associated with desalination are the high energy requirement of the plant and the disposal of the brine (waste stream). The Water Corporation states that seawater desalination technology is a proven technology with high to very high confidence in the supply. The Water Corporation has estimated that the operating costs associated with provision of the water will be between 40 and 44 cents per kL. Water trading is seen as the future of the water supply industry and the trading of water allocations by the Water Corporation is the first of possibly many water trading agreements to secure water supply for Perth. The Water Corporation currently utilises groundwater for a substantial proportion of the Perth water supply. The use of South West Yarragadee Aquifer, if approved, will further add to the quantity of groundwater used. No information could be located on the existing quality of the groundwater used, but it is assumed to be good quality. The Water Corporation have identified a series of supply augmentation options to meet the demand for supply to Perth, these include the following:

• catchment management; • treated wastewater reuse via aquifer storage and recovery; • water recycling; • additional groundwater reuse; • additional water trading; • additional surface water dams; • future desalination; • pipeline from Esperance or the Kimberley; and • cloud seeding.

Literature Review


The National Competition Policy and CoAG Water Reform Agreement promote a user-pays system of funding and the removal of cross-subsidies. These policies form a basis for establishing a user-pays system through increasing water licensing fees and water usage charges. In response to the National Competition Policy, CoAG’s reforms and in order to become consistent with the principles of cost recovery WA adopted the following principles:

• water use charges for licensed water use to cover the costs of water resource protection, investigation, monitoring and management;

• water use charges for non-licensed water use, such as riparian use, so that these users make a contribution to the cost of managing the resources and protecting their rights; and

• a fixed resource management charge or rate on landowners - this type of charge is especially suited to financing "Boards" of local management.

There are concerns that the State Water Strategy for Western Australia is not consistent with the National Water Initiative. This concern is due to the lack of provision for permanent access rights to water. This undermines the water user’s ability to guarantee medium to long-term income and secure investments (Water and Rivers Commission 2003). In several areas of Western Australia, water resources are at or approaching the initial allocation limits. Consequently, the State may face difficulty in guaranteed provision for future use for the public water supply or State Agreements unless resources are set aside. However, reservation of water resources for future use has the potential to limit accessibility and subsequently potential for future development (Water and Rivers Commission 2003). There are two components to residential water tariffs in Western Australia:

• a fixed service charge which recovers the fixed costs associated with water service provision; and

• a usage charge which increases in steps as additional water is consumed. A characteristic of the tariff structure is the lower rate for water usage up to 150kL per annum (41.6c/kL), which is funded by a higher rate for water usage above 550kL per annum ($1.20/kL from 551kL to 950kL). Table 4.3 outlines the tariff at each associated level of consumption.

Literature Review


Table 3.3 Current water pricing structure in Western Australia

Level of consumption Tariff 0 – 150 kL 41.6c/kL 151 – 350 kL 67.4c/kL 351 – 550 kL 91.0c/kL 551 – 950 kL $1.20/kL 951+ kL $1.50/kL

Source: WA Economic Regulation Authority The charges for water usage up to 350 kL are uniform across WA and are intended to provide all Water Corporation customers throughout the state with the same charge. The Government, through a subsidy called a Community Service Obligation (CSO), funds the uniform pricing. The residential water tariffs differ between Perth and country towns for usage above 350kL. Lower tariffs apply for usage between 350kL and 650kL to residential properties in the North of the State. Households in towns are charged at a higher rate than households in Perth for usage above 450kL. The variations in rates reflect the cost of water supply to each area (WA Economic Regulation Authority 2005). The CLGR is similar to Perth in that there are limited alternative available water resources, however the CLGR has the benefit of being able to import River Murray water through existing infrastructure and the disadvantage of having limited good quality groundwater resources in the region. The options reviewed by the Water Corporation also are relevant to water augmentation supply options for the CLGR. The options of particular relevance being:

• additional surface water resources; • desalination; • water recycling; • effluent reuse; • catchment management; and • water trading.

3.5.2 Hunter Water (Hunter Valley, New South Wales)

Hunter Water is the authority responsible for the supply of water to the Hunter Valley region of New South Wales. This region has been included as a case study since one of its major land uses, premium wine grape growing, is similar to parts of the CLGR. The demand management strategies employed by Hunter Water however, are applicable outside the similar land use areas. Information has been obtained from the Hunter Water Demand Management Strategy, August 2003 [26].

Literature Review


As part of its regulatory commitments, Hunter Water has developed an Integrated Water Resource Plan. This plan has enabled Hunter Water to determine the lowest financial, social and environmental cost of providing customers with water related services. Hunter Water have identified two methods of satisfying certain increased customer demands. Augmentation of storages to add supply capacity to the delivery system or redistribution of the overall community demand (some customers using less water matched by other customers using more water). Supply augmentation to provide water can be achieved by increasing effective harvesting system and/or alternatives similar to those used by the Water Corporation in Western Australia would be considered. A reduction in demand can be achieved by education of the community in water conservation measures and the use of higher efficiency water appliances by consumers. A demand management measure is included in Hunter Water’s Operating Licence, which requires the five year rolling average annual residential water consumption to be equal to or less than 215kL. The overall demand for water within the Hunter Water catchment is documented as approximately 77GL/year, which includes losses within the storage system and supply network. Of the 77GL/year approximately 41GL/year is used for residential purposes. In 1982, Hunter Water introduced a pay-for-use water pricing regime, which they believe has resulted in a 30% reduction in the overall water consumption in the region. Based upon a Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA) 2001 survey, the average annual consumption levels for Hunter Water residential customers is approximately 20% less than the average of other Australian water authorities. A key element to the pay-for-use model is that the true value of water and the true costs for delivery are included in the pricing framework adopted. To achieve the residential water consumption targets Hunter Water is committed to water being charged at its true value, as well as working with the community to reduce water consumption. The Hunter region covers approximately 3.1 million hectares, including a variety of land types and a number of river catchments. The Hunter River is the vital source of water for supply of the population and for many of the key industries in the region. Available water must be shared amongst the various users with competing interests.

Literature Review


Irrigation for agriculture such as vines, fodder, and pasture uses ‘low security water’. Consumers of this allocation of water are not guaranteed to receive their full entitlement during very dry periods. Industrial users and town water supplies are considered ‘high security water’ users and supply is guaranteed even during drought. The introduction of the National Competition Policy and the CoAG Water Reforms has highlighted a need for councils to review their funding needs for the effective management and supply of water resources. To ensure greater efficiency in allocation of water resources there is a need for a two-part tariff pricing structure. This type of structure is comprised of an access component and a consumption component and is aimed at achieving efficiency and sustainability in the use of water (Hunter Water Australia 2005). In NSW, need for a licence depends on how or why water usage is required. If water usage is for a commercial purpose, a licence or Departmental approval is generally required. Rural landholders have some limited rights to access water for basic purposes including domestic and stock, harvestable rights in farm dams and native title rights. Hunter Water Corporation charges a fee to recover the costs of environmental improvement programs. All customers are charge a $48.95 per year to assist in funding the ‘Hunter Sewerage Project’, although pensioners are exempt from this charge. Table 3.4 outlines in more detail the costs associated with water consumption. Table 3.4 Hunter Water Corporation charges

Description Cost Service Charges Water Service - Basea $25.37 per annum Environmental Improvement $48.95 per annum Usage Charges 0 – 1000kL $1.01/kL 1001 – 50000kL 93c/kL 50000+ kL 80.2 – 93c/kL

a Water Service Base applies to residential properties with the standard 20mm meter/service Source: Hunter Water Corporation Educating the community on water conservation is considered to be essential for the CLGRSA member Councils to achieve their long term development goals. The CLGRSA does not have the opportunity to control pricing within the region but can and must educate the community on the true value of water.

central local government region of south australia water ...€¦ · central local government...

Documents